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{{Short description|Family of birds}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| name = Frogmouths
| parent_authority = [[Gregory Mathews|Matthews]], 1918
| display_parents = 2
| taxon = Podargidae
| image = Tawny frogmouth wholebody444.jpg
| image_caption = [[Tawny frogmouth]], at night
| authority = Gray, 1847
| subdivision_ranks = Genera
| subdivision =
* ''[[Batrachostomus]]''
* ''[[Podargus]]''
* ''[[Rigidipenna]]''
}}
[[File:CeylonFrogMouth.jpg|thumb|ceylon frogmouth from the western ghats of India]]
The '''frogmouths''' ('''Podargidae''') are a group of [[nocturnal]] [[bird]]s related to [[owlet-nightjar]]s, [[swift (bird)|swift]]s, and [[hummingbird]]s. Species in the group are distributed in the [[Indomalayan realm|Indomalayan]] and [[Australasian realm]]s.

==Biology==
They are named for their large flattened hooked bill and huge frog-like [[gape]], which they use to capture insects. The three ''Podargus'' species are large frogmouths restricted to Australia and [[New Guinea]], that have massive flat broad bills. They are known to take larger prey, such as small vertebrates (frogs, mice, etc.), which are sometimes beaten against a stone before swallowing.<ref name=Perrins>{{cite book| last = Perrins| first = Christopher| title = Firefly Encyclopedia of Birds| publisher = Firefly Books| year = 2003| page = [https://archive.org/details/fireflyencyclope0000unse/page/342 342]| isbn = 1-55297-777-3| url-access = registration| url = https://archive.org/details/fireflyencyclope0000unse/page/342}}</ref> The ten ''Batrachostomus'' frogmouths are found in tropical Asia. They have smaller, more rounded bills and are predominantly insectivorous. Both ''Podargus'' and ''Batrachostomus'' have bristles around the base of the bill, and ''Batrachostomus'' has other, longer bristles which may exist to protect the eyes from insect prey.<ref name=Perrins/> In April 2007, a new species of frogmouth was described from the [[Solomon Islands]] and placed in a newly established genus, ''Rigidipenna''.<ref name = "CLEERE">{{cite journal | last1 = Cleere | display-authors = etal | year = 2007 | title = A new genus of frogmouth (Podargidae) from the Solomon Islands – results from a taxonomic review of ''Podargus ocellatus inexpectatus'' Hartert 1901 | journal = Ibis | volume = 149 | issue = 2 | pages = 271–286 | doi=10.1111/j.1474-919x.2006.00626.x}}</ref>

Their flight is weak. They rest horizontally on branches during the day, camouflaged by their [[Crypsis|cryptic plumage]]. Through convergent evolution as night hunters, they resemble owls, with large front-facing eyes.{{Citation needed|date=January 2025}}

Up to three white eggs are laid in the fork of a branch, and are incubated by the female at night and the male in the day.{{Citation needed|date=January 2025}}

==Taxonomy==
DNA-DNA hybridisation studies had suggested that the two frogmouth groups may not be as closely related as previously thought, and that the Asian species may be separable as a new family, the Batrachostomidae.<ref name = "Sibley"/><ref name = "Mayr" /> Although frogmouths were formerly included in the [[order (biology)|order]] [[Caprimulgiformes]], a 2019 study estimated the divergence between ''Podargus'' and ''Batrachostomus'' to between 30 and 50 mya and forming a clade well separated from the nightjars and being a sister group of the swifts, hummingbirds, and owlet-nightjars. The name '''Podargiformes''' proposed in 1918 by [[Gregory Mathews]] was reinstated for the clade.<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.3390/d11090143 |doi-access=free |title=Total-Evidence Framework Reveals Complex Morphological Evolution in Nightbirds (Strisores) |year=2019 |last1=Chen |first1=Albert |last2=White |first2=Noor D. |last3=Benson |first3=Roger B.J. |last4=Braun |first4=Michael J. |last5=Field |first5=Daniel J. |journal=Diversity |volume=11 |issue=9 |page=143 }}</ref>

===Species===
[[File:Pair of tawny frogmouths.jpg|thumb|right|A pair of tawny frogmouths resting in a tree fork during the day]]
* Genus ''Podargus''
:* [[Tawny frogmouth]], ''Podargus strigoides''
:* [[Marbled frogmouth]], ''Podargus ocellatus''
:* [[Papuan frogmouth]], ''Podargus papuensis''

* Genus ''Batrachostomus''
:* [[Large frogmouth]], ''Batrachostomus auritus''
:* [[Dulit frogmouth]], ''Batrachostomus harterti''
:* [[Philippine frogmouth]], ''Batrachostomus septimus''
:* [[Gould's frogmouth]], ''Batrachostomus stellatus''
:* [[Sri Lanka frogmouth]], ''Batrachostomus moniliger''
:* [[Hodgson's frogmouth]], ''Batrachostomus hodgsoni''
:* [[Sumatran frogmouth]], ''Batrachostomus poliolophus''
:* [[Javan frogmouth]], ''Batrachostomus javensis''
:* [[Blyth's frogmouth]], ''Batrachostomus affinis''
:* [[Sunda frogmouth]], ''Batrachostomus cornutus''
:* [[Palawan frogmouth]], ''Batrachostomus chaseni''
:* [[Bornean frogmouth]], ''Batrachostomus mixtus''

* Genus ''Rigidipenna''
:* [[Solomons frogmouth]], ''Rigidipenna inexpectata''

== In culture ==
In a journal article published in April 2021, researchers Katja Thömmes and Gregor Hayn-Leichsenring from the Experimental Aesthetics group at the University Hospital [[Jena]], Germany, found the frogmouth to be the most "instagrammable" type of bird.<ref name = "iperception">{{Cite journal |last1=Thömmes |first1=Katja |last2=Hayn-Leichsenring |first2=Gregor |date=2021-03-01 |title=What Instagram Can Teach Us About Bird Photography: The Most Photogenic Bird and Color Preferences|journal=i-Perception |language=en |volume=12 |issue=2 |article-number=20416695211003585 |doi=10.1177/20416695211003585 |pmid=33996019 | pmc=8073730 |issn=2041-6695 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Using an algorithm to analyze the aesthetic appeal of more than 27,000 bird photographs on [[Instagram]], they found that photos depicting frogmouths received the highest number of likes relative to the posts' exposure to users. The journal article was picked up by several news outlets, including ''[[The New York Times]]'' and ''[[The Guardian]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Waller |first=Allyson |date=2021-04-29 |title=This 'Angry' Bird Is the Most Photogenic, Research Finds |language=en-US |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/04/29/science/instagrammable-bird-frogmouth.html |access-date=2021-04-30 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

[[File:A Tawny frogmouth, Podargus strigoides.jpg|thumb|A Tawny frogmouth, Podargus strigoides]]

==References==
{{Reflist | refs =
<ref name = "Mayr">{{cite journal | last1 = Mayr | first1 = G | year = 2002 | title = Osteological evidence for paraphyly of the avian order Caprimulgiformes (nightjars and allies) | journal = Journal für Ornithologie | volume = 143 | issue = 1 | pages = 82–97 | issn = 0021-8375 | url = http://www.senckenberg.de/files/content/forschung/abteilung/terrzool/ornithologie/caprimulgiformes.pdf | doi=10.1007/bf02465461| s2cid = 42119957 }}</ref>
<ref name = "Sibley">{{cite journal | first1 = Charles G. | last1 = Sibley | first2 = John E. | last2 = Alquist | first3 = Burt L. | last3 = Monroe Jr. | title = A Classification of the Living Birds of the World Based on Dna-Dna Hybridization Studies | journal = [[The Auk]] | volume = 105 | issue = 3 | date = July 1988 | pages = 409–423 | doi = 10.1093/auk/105.3.409 | jstor = 4087435 | url = https://sora.unm.edu/sites/default/files/journals/auk/v105n03/p0409-p0423.pdf}}</ref>
}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Podargidae}}
{{Wikispecies|Podargidae}}
*[http://ibc.lynxeds.com/family/frogmouths-podargidae Frogmouth videos] on the Internet Bird Collection
*{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20120422231559/http://www.ironammonite.com/2009/11/video-frogmouth.html Video: Finding the Sri-Lanka Frogmouth, Southern India]}}
*[http://www.physorg.com/news96218125.html Scientists discover new genus of frogmouth bird in Solomon Islands]

{{Strisores|A.|state=collapsed}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q788536}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Podargidae|*]]
[[Category:Podargiformes|*]]
[[Category:Nocturnal animals]]

Frogmouth - Revision history

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