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{{Short description|Family of ray-finned fishes}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| fossil_range = {{Fossil range|Oligocene|recent}}<ref name=FB/>
| image = Atlantic cod.jpg
| image_upright = 1.15
| image_caption = [[Atlantic cod]], ''[[Gadus morhua]]''
| taxon = Gadidae
| authority = [[Constantine Samuel Rafinesque|Rafinesque]], 1810
| subdivision_ranks = Genera
| subdivision = See text
}}

The '''Gadidae''' are a family of marine fish, included in the order [[Gadiformes]], known as the cods, codfishes, or true cods.<ref name= ITIS/> It contains several commercially important fishes, including the [[cod]], [[haddock]], [[Merlangius merlangus|whiting]], and [[pollock]].

Most gadid species are found in temperate waters of the [[Northern Hemisphere]], but several range into subtropical, [[subarctic]], and [[Arctic]] oceans, and a single ([[southern blue whiting]]) is found in the [[Southern Hemisphere]]. They are generally medium-sized fish, and are distinguished by the presence of three [[dorsal fin]]s on the back and two [[anal fin]]s on the underside. Most species have [[barbel (anatomy)|barbel]]s on their chins, which they use while browsing on the sea floor. Gadids are carnivorous, feeding on smaller fish and [[crustacean]]s.<ref name=FB>{{FishBase family |family=Gadidae |year=2008 |month=December}}</ref>

Gadids are highly prolific, producing several million eggs at each spawning. This contributes to their high population numbers, which, in turn, makes [[commercial fishing]] relatively easy.<ref name=EoF>{{cite book |editor1=Paxton, J. R. |editor2=Eschmeyer, W. N. |author= Cohen, Daniel M.|year=1998|title=Encyclopedia of Fishes|publisher= Academic Press |location=San Diego |pages=130–131 |isbn= 0-12-547665-5}}</ref>

== Taxonomy ==
In the past, the contents of this family varied depending on the taxonomic authority. For example, fishes in the current [[Lotidae]] (with [[burbot]], [[cusk (fish)|cusk]]) and [[Phycidae]] (hakes) were included in the Gadidae, as its subfamilies Lotinae and Phycinae. However, they are presently considered distinct families from one another, based on phylogenetic analyses.<ref name="ITIS">{{ITIS| id = 164701
| taxon = Gadidae | access-date = 7 January 2017}}</ref><ref name="FB" /><ref>Nelson, J. S. 2006. [[Fishes of the World]], 4th edition. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.</ref><ref name=":13">{{Cite web |last=Fricke |first=R. |last2=Eschmeyer |first2=W. N. |last3=Van der Laan |first3=R. |date=2025 |title=ESCHMEYER'S CATALOG OF FISHES: CLASSIFICATION |url=https://www.calacademy.org/eschmeyers-catalog-of-fishes-classification |access-date=2025-02-10 |website=California Academy of Sciences |language=en}}</ref>

The following genera are placed in the Gadidae:

* ''[[Arctogadus]]'' [[Pavel Amfilokhievich Dryagin|Dryagin]], 1932
* ''[[Boreogadus]]'' [[Albert Günther|Günther]], 1862
* ''[[Eleginus]]'' [[Johann Fischer von Waldheim|Fischer]], 1813
* ''[[Gadiculus]]'' [[Alphonse Guichenot|Guichenot]], 1850
* ''[[Gadus]]'' [[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|1758]]
* ''[[Melanogrammus]]'' [[Theodore Gill|Gill]], 1862
* ''[[Merlangius]]'' [[François Alexandre Pierre de Garsault|Garsault]], 1764
* ''[[Microgadus]]'' [[Theodore Gill|Gill]], 1865
* ''[[Micromesistius]]'' Gill, 1863
* ''[[Pollachius]]'' [[Sven Nilsson (zoologist)|Nilsson]], 1832
* ''[[Trisopterus]]'' [[Constantine Samuel Rafinesque|Rafinesque]], 1814

The following fossil genera are also known:

* †''[[Palimphemus]]'' [[Rudolf Kner|Kner]], 1862 (early-late [[Miocene]] of Austria, Slovakia, Hungary, Croatia, Kazakhstan and North Caucasus, Russia)<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Carnevale |first1=Giorgio |last2=Harzhauser |first2=Mathias |last3=Schultz |first3=Ortwin |date=2012 |title=The Miocene gadid fish Palimphemus anceps Kner, 1862: a reappraisal |url=http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5252/g2012n3a9 |journal=Geodiversitas |language=en |volume=34 |issue=3 |pages=625–643 |doi=10.5252/g2012n3a9 |bibcode=2012Geodv..34..625C |hdl=2318/118901 |issn=1280-9659|hdl-access=free }}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last1=Schwarzhans |first1=Werner |last2=Carnevale |first2=Giorgio |last3=Bratishko |first3=Andriy |last4=Japundžić |first4=Sanja |last5=Bradić |first5=Katarina |date=2017 |title=Otoliths in situ from Sarmatian (Middle Miocene) fishes of the Paratethys. Part II: Gadidae and Lotidae |url=https://sjpp.springeropen.com/articles/10.1007/s13358-016-0114-5 |journal=Swiss Journal of Palaeontology |language=en |volume=136 |issue=1 |pages=19–43 |doi=10.1007/s13358-016-0114-5 |bibcode=2017SwJP..136...19S |issn=1664-2384}}</ref>
* †''[[Paratrisopterus]]'' Fedotov, 1971 (mid-late Miocene of Poland, Moldova, Romania, Ukraine, Abkhazia and North Caucasus, Russia)<ref name=":0" />
* †''[[Semeniolum]]'' Gaemers, 1984 [<nowiki/>[[otolith]]] - (early-late [[Oligocene]] of the Netherlands and Germany)<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gaemers |first=Pieter |date=2017-07-17 |title=Taxonomy, Distribution and Evolution of Trisopterine Gadidae by Means of Otoliths and Other Characteristics |journal=Fishes |language=en |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=18–51 |doi=10.3390/fishes1010018 |bibcode=2017Fishe...1...18G |doi-access=free |issn=2410-3888}}</ref>

== See also ==
*[[Diseases and parasites in cod]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Commons category-inline|Gadidae}}
* {{Wikispecies-inline|Gadidae}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q208028}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Gadidae| ]]
[[Category:Euteleostei families]]
[[Category:Extant Oligocene first appearances]]
[[Category:Marine fish families]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Constantine Samuel Rafinesque]]

{{gadiformes-stub}}

Gadidae - Revision history

imported>Geekgecko at 03:34, 30 August 2025