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{{Short description|Former province of Japan}}
{{For|the former Russian battle ship operated as ''Hizen'' by the Imperial Japanese Navy from 1908 to 1922|Russian battleship Retvizan}}
[[Image:Provinces of Japan-Hizen.svg|thumb|300px|right|Map of Japanese provinces (1868) with Hizen Province highlighted]]
[[File:Hizen-kokucho-ato zenkei-1.JPG|thumb|Hizen [[Kokufu#Organisation|Kokuchō]] Site in [[Saga, Saga|Saga]]]]
[[File:Hizen Kokubunji.JPG|thumb|Hizen [[Kokubun-ji]] Site in [[Saga, Saga|Saga]]]]
{{nihongo|'''Hizen Province'''|肥前国|Hizen no Kuni|{{IPA|ja|çiꜜ.(d)zeɴ, -(d)zen no kɯ.ɲi}}<ref>{{cite book|script-title=ja:NHK日本語発音アクセント新辞典|publisher=NHK Publishing|editor=NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute|date=24 May 2016|lang=ja}}</ref>}} was an [[old provinces of Japan|old province]] of [[Japan]] in the area of the [[Saga Prefecture|Saga]] and [[Nagasaki Prefecture|Nagasaki]] prefectures.<ref>[[Louis-Frédéric|Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric]]. (2005). "''Hizen''" in {{Google books|p2QnPijAEmEC|''Japan Encyclopedia'', p. 338|page=338}}.</ref> It was sometimes called {{nihongo|'''Hishū'''|肥州}}, with [[Higo Province]]. Hizen bordered on the provinces of [[Chikuzen Province|Chikuzen]] and [[Chikugo Province|Chikugo]]. The province was included in [[Saikaidō]]. It did not include the island provinces (now municipalities) of [[Tsushima Province|Tsushima]] and [[Iki Province|Iki]] that are now part of modern Nagasaki Prefecture.

==History==
The name "Hizen" dates from the [[Nara period]] ''[[Ritsuryō]]'' ''Kokugunri'' system reforms, when the province was divided from [[Higo Province]]. The name appears in the early chronicle ''Shoku Nihongi'' from 696 AD. The ancient [[Capital (political)|provincial capital]] of Hizen was located near [[Yamato, Saga|Yamato]] City.

During the late [[Muromachi period]], the province was the site of much early contact between Japan and [[Portugal|Portuguese]] and [[Spain|Spanish]] merchants and missionaries. [[Hirado, Nagasaki|Hirado]], and later [[Nagasaki, Nagasaki|Nagasaki]] became major foreign trade centers, and a large percentage of the population converted to [[Roman Catholicism]]. [[Toyotomi Hideyoshi]] directed the [[Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)|invasion of Korea]] from the city of [[Nagoya, Nagasaki|Nagoya]], in Hizen, and after the [[sakoku|suppression of foreign contacts]] and prohibition against the ''[[Kirishitan]]'' religion, the [[Shimabara Rebellion]] also took place in Hizen province.

===List of han===
During the [[Edo period]], Hizen Province was divided among several ''[[daimyō]]s'', but dominated by the [[Nabeshima clan]], whose domain was centered at the castle town of [[Saga, Saga|Saga]]. At the end of the [[Tokugawa shogunate]], Hizen was divided between the following [[han (feudal domain)|''han'']]:

{| class="wikitable" border="1"
|-
! Domain
! ''Daimyō''
! Revenue (''[[koku]]'')
| Type
|-
| [[Saga Domain]]
| Nabeshima
| 357,000
| ''tozama''
|-
| [[Ogi Domain]]
| Nabeshima
| 73,000
| ''tozama''
|-
| [[Shimabara Domain]]
| Matsudaira
| 70,000
| ''fudai''
|-
| [[Hirado Domain]]
| Matsuura
| 61,000
| ''tozama''
|-
| [[Karatsu Domain]]
| Ogasawara
| 60,000
| ''fudai''
|-
| [[Hasunoike Domain]]
| Nabeshima
| 52,000
| ''tozama''
|-
| [[Ōmura Domain]]
| Ōmura
| 28,000
| ''tozama''
|-
| [[Kashima Domain]]
| Nabeshima
| 20,000
| ''tozama''
|-
| [[Fukue Domain]]
| Gotō
| 12,000
| ''tozama''
|}

During this period, the port of Nagasaki remained a [[tenryō]] territory, administered for the Tokugawa government by the [[Nagasaki bugyō]], and contained the [[Dutch East India Company]] trading post of [[Dejima]]. After the [[Meiji Restoration]] in 1868 came the [[abolition of the han system]] in 1871, whereby all daimyo were obliged to surrender their domains to the new [[Meiji government]], which then divided the nation into numerous [[prefecture (Japan)|prefectures]], which were consolidated into 47 prefectures and 3 urban areas by 1888. The former Hizen province was divided into modern [[Saga Prefecture]] and a portion of [[Nagasaki Prefecture]]. At the same time, the province continued to exist for some purposes. For example, Hizen is explicitly recognized in treaties in 1894 (a) between Japan and the [[United States]] and (b) between Japan and the [[United Kingdom]].<ref>US Department of State. (1906). [https://books.google.com/books?id=dKCOAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA759 ''A digest of international law as embodied in diplomatic discussions, treaties and other international agreements'' (John Bassett Moore, ed.), Vol. 5, p. 759].</ref>

==Historical districts==
* [[Saga Prefecture]]
** [[Fujitsu District, Saga|Fujitsu District]] (藤津郡)
** [[Kanzaki District, Saga|Kanzaki District]] (神埼郡)
** [[Kii District, Saga|Kii District]] (基肄郡) – merged with Mine and Yabu Districts to become [[Miyaki District, Saga|Miyaki District]] (三養基郡) on March 26, 1896
** [[Kishima District, Saga|Kishima District]] (杵島郡)
** [[Mine District, Saga|Mine District]] (三根郡) – merged with Kii and Yabu Districts to become Miyaki District on March 26, 1896
** [[Ogi District, Saga|Ogi District]] (小城郡) – dissolved
** [[Saga District, Saga|Saga District]] (佐賀郡) – dissolved
** [[Yabu District, Saga|Yabu District]] (養父郡) – merged with Kii and Mine Districts to become Miyaki District on March 26, 1896
* [[Nagasaki Prefecture]]
** [[Sonogi District, Hizen|Sonogi District]] (彼杵郡)
*** [[Higashisonogi District, Nagasaki|Higashisonogi District]] (東彼杵郡)
*** [[Nishisonogi District, Nagasaki|Nishisonogi District]] (西彼杵郡)
*** [[Nagasaki|Nagasaki-shi]] (長崎市)
** [[Takaki District, Hizen|Takaki District]] (高来郡)
*** [[Kitatakaki District, Nagasaki|Kitatakaki District]] (北高来郡) – dissolved
*** [[Minamitakaki District, Nagasaki|Minamitakaki District]] (南高来郡) – dissolved
* Mixed
** [[Matsuura District, Hizen|Matsuura District]] (松浦郡)
*** [[Higashimatsuura District, Saga|Higashimatsuura District]] (東松浦郡) – part of Nagasaki Prefecture; transferred to Saga Prefecture in 1883 (along with Nishimatsuura District)
*** [[Kitamatsuura District, Nagasaki|Kitamatsuura District]] (北松浦郡) – part of Nagasaki Prefecture
*** [[Minami-Matsuura District, Nagasaki|Minamimatsuura District]] (南松浦郡) – part of Nagasaki Prefecture
*** [[Nishimatsuura District, Saga|Nishimatsuura District]] (西松浦郡) – part of Nagasaki Prefecture; transferred to Saga Prefecture in 1883 (along with Higashimatsuura District)

==Maps==
<gallery>
Keichō Kuniezu - Hizen Province (1837 copy) (Takeo City Library and Historical Museum).jpg|''[[Keichō]] [[Kuniezu]]'' - Hizen Province (1837 copy of lost c.1605 original) ([[Takeo City Library and Historical Museum]])
Shōhō Kuniezu - Hizen Province (Chōkokan).jpg|''[[Shōhō]] [[Kuniezu]]'' - Hizen Province (1647) ([[Chōkokan]])
Genroku Kuniezu - Hizen Province (Chōkokan).jpg|''[[Genroku]] [[Kuniezu]]'' - Hizen Province (1701) ([[Chōkokan]])
Tenpō Kuniezu - Hizen Province (National Archives of Japan).jpg|''[[Tenpō]] [[Kuniezu]]'' - Hizen Province, with [[Chikuzen Province|Chikuzen]] in pink and [[Chikugo Province|Chikugo]] in yellow (1838) ([[National Archives of Japan]])
</gallery>

==See also==
* [[List of Historic Sites of Japan (Nagasaki)]]
* [[List of Historic Sites of Japan (Saga)]]
* [[Nagasaki Museum of History and Culture]]
* [[Saga Prefectural Museum]]

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

==References==
* [[Louis-Frédéric|Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric]] and Käthe Roth. (2005). [https://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC ''Japan encyclopedia.''] Cambridge: [[Harvard University Press]]. {{ISBN|978-0-674-01753-5}}; [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/58053128?referer=di&ht=edition OCLC 58053128]
* [[Edmond Papinot|Papinot, Edmond]]. (1910). ''Historical and Geographic Dictionary of Japan.'' Tokyo: Librarie Sansaisha. [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/77691250 OCLC 77691250]

==Other websites ==
{{Commons category-inline|Hizen Province}}
* [http://www.maproom.org/00/05/sub1/1.html Murdoch's map of provinces, 1903]
* National Archives of Japan: [https://web.archive.org/web/20080403190535/http://jpimg.digital.archives.go.jp/kouseisai/category/emaki/hizenshusanbutsu_e.html ''Hinozenshu sanbutsu zuko,'' scroll showing illustrated inventory of industries in Karatsu Domain, 1773-1784]

{{Japan Old Province}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:History of Nagasaki Prefecture]]
[[Category:History of Saga Prefecture]]
[[Category:Hizen Province| ]]

Hizen Province - Revision history

imported>Mazamadao at 16:32, 28 May 2025