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<p>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</p> <p><b>New page</b></p><div>{{Short description|Measure of lignin content in wood pulp}}<br /> {{More citations needed|date=March 2016}}<br /> {{Notability|date=August 2022}}<br /> The &#039;&#039;&#039;Kappa number&#039;&#039;&#039; is an indication of the residual [[lignin]] content or [[Bleaching of wood pulp|bleachability]] of [[wood pulp]] by a standardized analysis method.<br /> <br /> == Measuring method ==<br /> The Kappa number is determined by ISO 302:2004.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.iso.org/iso/en/CatalogueDetailPage.CatalogueDetail?CSNUMBER=36604 | publisher = [[International Organization for Standardization]] | title = ISO 302:2004 Pulps &amp;mdash; Determination of Kappa number}}&lt;/ref&gt; ISO 302 is applicable to all kinds of [[chemical pulp|chemical]] and semi-chemical pulps and gives a Kappa number in the range of 1–100. The Kappa number is a measurement of standard [[potassium permanganate]] [[Solution (chemistry)|solution]] that the pulp will consume. The measurement is inflated by the presence of [[hexenuronic acid]]s in the pulp. These compounds are formed during the chemical pulping process, from the [[hemicellulose]]s.<br /> <br /> The Kappa number can be monitored by online Kappa analysers in a [[pulp mill]], but these have to be calibrated with the ISO 302:2004 method.<br /> <br /> == Application ==<br /> The Kappa number estimates the amount of chemicals required during bleaching of [[pulp (paper)|wood pulp]] to obtain a pulp with a given degree of whiteness. Since the amount of [[bleach]] needed is related to the lignin content of the pulp, the Kappa number can be used to monitor the effectiveness of the lignin-extraction phase of the [[pulping]] process. It is approximately proportional to the residual lignin content of the pulp.<br /> <br /> : K ≈ c × L<br /> <br /> Where:&lt;br /&gt;<br /> : K: Kappa number;&lt;br /&gt;<br /> : c: constant ≈ 6,57 (dependent on process and [[wood]]);&lt;br /&gt;<br /> : L: lignin content in percent.<br /> <br /> The Kappa number for [[Bleaching of wood pulp|bleachable]] pulps are in the range of 25–30, [[sack paper]] pulps in the range 45-55 and pulps for [[corrugated fiberboard]] are in the range 60-110.<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130906144814/http://www.mantech-inc.com/analytical/Kappa_AssayPlus.asp Automated Kappa number analyzer]<br /> * [http://www.skalar.com/page/news/news/skalar-introduces-the-automatic-lignin-kappa-number-analyzer Kappa number (lignin) analyzer] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100428092504/http://www.skalar.com/page/news/news/skalar-introduces-the-automatic-lignin-kappa-number-analyzer |date=2010-04-28 }}<br /> <br /> {{Paper}}<br /> {{ISO standards}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Kappa Number}}<br /> [[Category:Papermaking]]</div>

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