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{{short description|National legislature of Chile}}
{{Infobox legislature
| name = National Congress of Chile
| native_name = Congreso Nacional de Chile
| legislature =[[LVI legislative period of the Chilean Congress|LVI legislative period]]
| coa_pic = Coat of arms of Chile (c).svg
| coa_res =
| coa_alt =Coat of arms of Chile
|coa_caption=[[Coat of arms of Chile]]| logo_pic =
| logo_res =
| logo_alt =
| house_type = Bicameral
|foundation=July 4, 1811 ([[First Chilean National Congress|First National Congress]])| houses = [[Senate of Chile|Senate]] [[Chamber of Deputies of Chile|Chamber of Deputies]]
| leader1_type = [[President of the Senate of Chile|President of the Senate]]
| leader1 = [[Manuel José Ossandón]]
| leader2_type = [[President of the Chamber of Deputies of Chile|President of the Chamber of Deputies]]
| leader2 = [[José Miguel Castro]]
| seats = Total: 205 50 senators 155 deputies
| house1 =[[Senate of Chile|Senate]]
| house2 =[[Chamber of Deputies of Chile|Chamber of Deputies]]
| structure1 = Senadores Chile.svg
| structure1_res = 250px
| structure2 = Diputados Chile.svg
| structure2_res = 250px
| political_groups1 =
'''Government (18)'''
* ''[[Government Alliance]] (18)''
** {{color box|#FF0000|border=darkgray}} [[Socialist Party of Chile|PS]] (7)
** {{Color box|{{party color|Party for Democracy (Chile)}}|border=darkgray}} [[Party for Democracy (Chile)|PPD]] (6)
** {{Color box|{{party color|Communist Party of Chile}}|border=darkgray}} [[Communist Party of Chile|PCCh]] (2)
** {{Color box|#83C926|border=darkgray}} [[Social Green Regionalist Federation|FREVS]] (2)
** {{Color box|{{party color|Broad Front (Chile)}}|border=darkgray}} [[Broad Front (Chilean political coalition)|FA]] (1)

'''External support (5)'''
* {{Color box|dodgerblue|border=darkgray}} [[Christian Democratic Party (Chile)|DC]] (3)
* {{Color box|#808080|border=darkgray}} [[Independent politician|Independents]] (2)

'''Opposition (27)'''
*''[[Chile Vamos]] (22)''
** {{Color box|{{party color|National Renewal (Chile)}}|border=darkgray}} [[National Renewal (Chile)|RN]] (10)
** {{Color box|#000080|border=darkgray}} [[Independent Democratic Union|UDI]] (9)
** {{Color box|{{party color|Political Evolution}}|border=darkgray}} [[Political Evolution|Evópoli]] (3)

*''Others (5)''
** {{Color box|#0096BA|border=darkgray}} [[Christian Social Party (Chile)|PSC]] (2)
** {{Color box|{{party color|Democrats (Chile)}}|border=darkgray}} [[Democrats (Chile)|Democrats]] (2)
** {{Color box|{{party color|Republican Party (Chile, 2019)}}|border=darkgray}} [[Republican Party (Chile, 2019)|PLR]] (1)

<hr>

| political_groups2 =
'''Government (67)'''
* ''[[Government Alliance]] (67)''
** {{Color box|{{party color|Broad Front (Chile)}}|border=darkgray}} [[Broad Front (Chilean political coalition)|FA]] (23)
** {{color box|#FF0000|border=darkgray}} [[Socialist Party of Chile|PS]] (13)
** {{Color box|{{party color|Communist Party of Chile}}|border=darkgray}} [[Communist Party of Chile|PCCh]] (10)
** {{Color box|{{party color|Party for Democracy (Chile)}}|border=darkgray}} [[Party for Democracy (Chile)|PPD]] (9)
** {{Color box|#FF03B2|border=darkgray}} [[Liberal Party of Chile (2013)|PL]] (5)
** {{Color box|{{party color|Social Democratic Radical Party}}|border=darkgray}} [[Radical Party of Chile (2018)|PR]] (3)
** {{Color box|{{party color|Humanist Action}}|border=darkgray}} [[Humanist Action|AH]] (2)
** {{Color box|#83C926|border=darkgray}} [[Social Green Regionalist Federation|FREVS]] (1)
** {{Color box|#808080|border=darkgray}} [[Independent politician|Independents]] ([[Hernán Palma|1]])

'''External support (7)'''
* {{Color box|dodgerblue|border=darkgray}} [[Christian Democratic Party (Chile)|DC]] (7)

'''Opposition (81)'''
*''[[Chile Vamos]] (48)''
** {{Color box|#000080|border=darkgray}} [[Independent Democratic Union|UDI]] (22)
** {{Color box|{{party color|National Renewal (Chile)}}|border=darkgray}} [[National Renewal (Chile)|RN]] (22)
** {{Color box|{{party color|Political Evolution}}|border=darkgray}} [[Political Evolution|Evópoli]] (4)

*''Others (33)''
** {{Color box|{{party color|Republican Party (Chile, 2019)}}|border=darkgray}} [[Republican Party (Chile, 2019)|PLR]] (12)
** {{Color box|#0096BA|border=darkgray}} [[Christian Social Party (Chile)|PSC]] (7)
** {{Color box|{{party color|Democrats (Chile)}}|border=darkgray}} [[Democrats (Chile)|Democrats]] (6)
** {{Color box|{{party color|Party of the People (Chile)}}|border=darkgray}} [[Party of the People (Chile)|PDG]] (1)
** {{Color box|{{party color|Amarillos por Chile}}|border=darkgray}} [[Amarillos por Chile|AxCh]] (1)
** {{Color box|#808080|border=darkgray}} [[Independent politician| Independents]] (6)
|term_length=* Senators: eight-year term with the option to go for re-election one time 
* Deputies: four-year term, may go for re-election two times| session_room = Congreso Nacional de Chile.jpg
| session_res = 250px
| meeting_place = Edificio del Congreso Nacional [[Valparaíso]] [[Chile]]
| website = [https://www.camara.cl// Cámara de Diputados {{in lang|es}}] [http://www.senado.cl/ Senado {{in lang|es}}]
| footnotes =
}}

The '''National Congress of Chile'''<ref>{{Cite web|last=Cabrera-Tapia|first=Roberto|date=2021|title=The Chilean Congress: Bicameralism in a Presidential System.|url=https://psaparliaments.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Chile.pdf|website=PSA Parliaments specialist group}}</ref> ({{langx|es|Congreso Nacional de Chile}}) is the [[Legislature|legislative branch]] of the [[Chile|Republic of Chile]]. According to the current Constitution ([[Chilean Constitution of 1980]]), it is a [[Bicameralism|bicameral]] organ made up of a [[Chamber of Deputies of Chile|Chamber of Deputies]] and a [[Senate of Chile|Senate]]. Established by law No. 18678,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nacional |first=Biblioteca del Congreso |title=Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional {{!}} Ley Chile |url=https://www.bcn.cl/leychile |access-date=2024-04-02 |website=www.bcn.cl/leychile |language=es}}</ref> the city of [[Valparaíso]] is its official headquarters.

Chile's congress is the oldest operational in [[Latin America]] and one of the oldest in [[Ibero-America]]. The [[First Chilean National Congress]] was founded on July 4, 1811, to decide the best kind of government for the [[Captaincy General of Chile|Kingdom of Chile]] during the captivity of [[Ferdinand VII of Spain|King Ferdinand VII]] in the hands of [[Napoleon]].

The [[Chamber of Deputies of Chile|Chamber of Deputies]] is composed of 155 deputies (''Spanish:'' ''diputados'') elected to four-year terms. Re-election is possible for a maximum of two times, which means that the deputy may remain in the post for up to 12 years.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Congreso Nacional de Chile |first=Biblioteca |date=2014-11-27 |title=Limits to the re-election of deputies and senators |url=https://www.bcn.cl/ |access-date=2024-04-02 |website=Portal de la Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional de Chile |language=Spanish}}</ref> The country has [[Electoral divisions of Chile|28 electoral districts]] (''Spanish:'' ''distritos electoral'') which each elect between 3 and 8 deputies.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Congreso Nacional de Chile |first=Biblioteca |date=2024-08-26 |title=DFL 2 FIJA EL TEXTO REFUNDIDO, COORDINADO Y SISTEMATIZADO DE LA LEY Nº18.700, ORGÁNICA CONSTITUCIONAL SOBRE VOTACIONES POPULARES Y ESCRUTINIOS |url=https://www.bcn.cl/leychile/navegar?idNorma=1108229 |access-date=2025-07-21 |website=Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional de Chile |language=Spanish}}</ref>

The [[Senate of Chile|Senate]] is composed of 50 senators (''Spanish:'' ''senadores'') elected to eight-year terms. Re-election is possible at most one time, which means a senator can remain in the post for up to 16 years.<ref name=":0" /> The [[Electoral divisions of Chile|electoral divisions of the Senate]] are different from those of the Chamber of Deputies. Each of the 16 regions of Chile forms a senatorial constituency (''Spanish:'' ''circunscripción senatorial'') that elects between 2 and 5 senators.<ref name=":1" />

The Congress's powers, duties and processes are defined in articles 42 to 59 of the current [[Chilean Constitution of 1980|constitution]] of 1980 and through the Constitutional Organic Law No. 18918<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nacional |first=Biblioteca del Congreso |title=Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional {{!}} Ley Chile |url=https://www.bcn.cl/leychile |access-date=2024-04-02 |website=www.bcn.cl/leychile |language=es}}</ref> published in 1990.

The current [[electoral system]] (or voting system) in Chile is proportional and inclusive according to the 2015 update of the organic law No. 18700, article 179 bis.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Biblioteca |first=Congreso Nacional de Chile |title=Organic law about popular vote |url=https://www.bcn.cl/leychile |access-date=2024-04-02 |website=www.bcn.cl/leychile |language=Spanish}}</ref>

The National Congress was closed without an immediate renewal of the members of its two chambers during three periods: [[Government Junta of Chile (1924)|1924-1925]], [[Socialist Republic of Chile|June-October 1932]] and [[Military dictatorship of Chile|1973-1989]].

A new four-years legislative period begins with the installation of the National Congress. The [[LVI legislative period of the Chilean Congress]] began on March 11, 2022 and will end in 2026.

==History==

=== Patria Vieja ===
{{Main article|First Chilean National Congress}}

=== Patria Nueva ===
{{Main article|Chilean Declaration of Independence}}

=== Dictatorship 1973-1990 ===
On 13 September 1973, the [[Government Junta of Chile (1973)|Government Junta of Chile]] [[1973 Chilean coup d'état|dissolved Congress]].<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/chile/story/0,,1033575,00.html "Junta general names himself as new President of Chile"]. ''The Guardian''. 14 September 1973. Retrieved 31 October 2018.</ref>

During the last years of the [[Augusto Pinochet|Pinochet]] regime, the current building of Congress was built in the port city of [[Valparaíso]], some 140 km west of the country's capital, [[Santiago de Chile|Santiago]]. This new building replaced the [[Former National Congress Building]], located in downtown Santiago.

=== Transition to Democracy ===
Between 1989 and 2013, elections in Chile were carried out following a [[binomial voting]] system, which was prescribed in 1980 during the [[Military dictatorship of Chile]].

The binomial system was considered by most analysts as the main constitutional lock that prevented completion of the [[Chilean transition to democracy]].

== See also ==
{{Politics of Chile}}
* [[Republic of Chile]]
* [[Chamber of Deputies of Chile]]
* [[Senate of Chile]]
* [[Politics of Chile]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|National Congress of Chile}}
* [https://www.camara.cl Cámara de Diputados]
* [http://www.senado.cl/ Senado]

{{Chile topics}}
{{National bicameral legislatures}}
{{SouthAmerican legislatures}}
{{Legislatures of the Americas}}
{{Authority control}}
{{coord|33|02|52|S|71|36|21|W|type:landmark|display=title}}

[[Category:Government of Chile]]
[[Category:Bicameral legislatures|Chile]]
[[Category:National legislatures|Chile]]
[[Category:National Congress of Chile|*]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Valparaíso]]

National Congress of Chile - Revision history

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