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{{about|the musical interval|the ordinal of 9|9|the chord|Ninth chord|the curse|Curse of the ninth|the symphony|Symphony No. 9 (Beethoven)|the 2011 albums|Ninth (Peter Murphy album)|and|Ninth (The Gazette album)}}

[[Image:Major ninth on C.png|thumb|Major ninth interval on C. {{Audio|Major ninth on C.mid|Play}}]]

{{Infobox musical interval
| main_interval_name = major ninth
| inverse = [[minor seventh]]
| other_names = [[Interval (music)#Simple and compound|compound]] [[Interval number|second]]
| abbreviation = M9
| semitones = 14
| interval_class =
| just_interval =
| cents_equal_temperament = 1400.0
| cents_24T_equal_temperament =
| cents_just_intonation =
}}

[[Image:Minor ninth on C.png|thumb|[[Minor ninth]] interval on C. {{Audio|Minor ninth on C.mid|Play}}]]

{{Infobox musical interval
| main_interval_name = minor ninth
| inverse = [[major seventh]]
| other_names =
| abbreviation = m9
| semitones = 13
| interval_class =
| just_interval =
| cents_equal_temperament = 1300.0
| cents_24T_equal_temperament =
| cents_just_intonation =
}}

[[Image:ninth chord.gif|thumb|Cmaj9 chord (see [[chord symbol]]s) {{Audio|Ninth chord CMA9 chord.mid|Play}}]]
In [[music theory|music]], a '''ninth''' is a [[Interval (music)#Simple and compound|compound]] [[interval (music)|interval]] consisting of an [[octave]] plus a [[Interval number|second]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hamm |first=Chelsey |last2=Hughes |first2=Bryn |date=2021-07-01 |title=Intervals |url=https://viva.pressbooks.pub/openmusictheory/chapter/intervals/ |language=en-us}}</ref>

Like the second, the interval of a ninth is classified as a [[Consonance and dissonance#Dissonance|dissonance]] in [[Common practice period|common practice]] [[tonality]]. Since a ninth is an octave larger than a second, its [[Sonority hierarchy|sonority]] level is considered less dense.<ref>[[Peter Westergaard|Westergaard, Peter]] (1975). ''An Introduction to Tonal Theory'', p.74. W.W. Norton. {{ISBN|978-0-393-09342-1}}.</ref>

==Major ninth==
{{Unreferenced section|date=March 2007}}
A '''major ninth''' is a compound musical interval spanning 14 [[semitone]]s, or an octave plus 2 semitones. If transposed into a single octave, it becomes a major second or minor seventh. The major ninth is somewhat dissonant in sound.

===Transposition===
Some common [[transposing instrument]]s sound a major ninth lower than written.
These include the [[tenor saxophone]], the [[bass clarinet]], the [[baritone horn|baritone]]/[[euphonium]] when written in [[treble clef]], and the [[trombone]] when written in treble clef ([[Brass band (British style)|British brass band]] music).

When baritone/euphonium or trombone parts are written in [[bass clef]] or [[tenor clef]] they sound as written.

==Minor ninth==
{{refimprove section|date=December 2009}}
A '''minor ninth''' (m9 or -9) is a compound musical interval spanning 13 semitones, or 1 semitone above an octave (thus it is [[enharmonic]]ally equivalent to an augmented octave). If transposed into a single octave, it becomes a minor second or major seventh. The minor ninth is rather dissonant in sound,<ref name=11world>{{cite web |last=McCormick |first=Scott |title=The Lush World of Eleventh Chords |url=https://blog.discmakers.com/2019/01/the-lush-world-of-eleventh-chords/ |date=18 January 2019 |access-date=31 March 2019}}</ref> and in European classical music, often appears as a [[suspension (music)|suspension]]. [[Béla Bartók]] wrote a study in minor 9ths for piano. The fourth [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NhldCA4Fcq8 movement] (an [[intermezzo]]) of [[Robert Schumann]]'s ''[[Faschingsschwank aus Wien]]'' is constructed to feature prominent notes of the [[melody]] a minor ninth above the accompaniment: [[File: Fassingschwank Intermezzo, bars 1-4.png|thumb|center|500px| Schumann, Faschingsschwank Intermezzo, bars 1-4]]{{citation needed|date=October 2012}} [[Alexander Scriabin]]'s [[Piano Sonata No. 9 (Scriabin)|Piano Sonata No. 9]], 'Black Mass' is based around the interval of a minor ninth, creating an uncomfortable and harsh sound.{{citation needed|date=October 2012}} Several of [[Igor Stravinsky]]'s works open with a striking gesture that includes the interval of a minor 9th, either as a chord: ''[[Les Noces]]'' [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gNBDJNHeZmo (1923)] and ''[[Threni (Stravinsky)|Threni]]'' [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8pj1WeJWE-8 (1958)]; or as an upward melodic leap: ''[[Capriccio for Piano and Orchestra]]'' [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i7XqkCIL6yE (1929)], ''[[Symphony in Three Movements]]'' [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n9oY_cikDl0 (1946)], and ''[[Movements for Piano and Orchestra]]'' [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y0lQUQzmD-8 (1960)].

==Augmented ninth==
[[Image:Augmented ninth on C.png|thumb|Augmented ninth on C. {{audio|Compound minor third on C.mid|Play}}]]
An '''augmented ninth''' is a compound musical interval spanning 15 semitones, or 3 semitones above an octave. Enharmonically equivalent to a compound minor third, if transposed into a single octave, it becomes a minor third or major sixth.

See: [[Dominant seventh sharp ninth chord]].

==Ninth chords==
{{main|Ninth chord}}
[[Image:Dominant ninth chord on C 4 voice.png|thumb|Dominant ninth chord on C. {{audio|Dominant ninth chord on C 4 voice.mid|Play}}]]
[[Image:Major ninth chord on C.png|thumb|Major ninth chord on C. {{audio|Major ninth chord on C.mid|Play}}]]
[[Image:Minor ninth chord on C.png|thumb|Minor ninth chord on C. {{audio|Minor ninth chord on C.mid|Play}}]]

Three types of ninth chords may be distinguished: dominant (9), major (M9), and minor (m9).<ref name="Rhythm">Bruce Buckingham, Eric Paschal (2001). ''Rhythm Guitar: The Complete Guide'', p.58. {{ISBN|978-0-7935-8184-9}}.</ref><ref>Michael Miller (2004). ''Complete Idiot's Guide to Solos and Improvisation'', p.51. {{ISBN|978-1-59257-210-6}}.</ref> They may easily be remembered as the chord quality of the seventh does not change with the addition of the second [[scale degree]],<ref name="Rhythm"/> which is a major second in both [[major and minor]], thus:

0 4 7 t + 2 = [[dominant seventh chord|dominant seventh]] + ninth = dominant ninth chord
0 4 7 e + 2 = [[major seventh chord|major seventh]] + ninth = major ninth chord
0 3 7 t + 2 = [[minor seventh chord|minor seventh]] + ninth = minor ninth chord

The dominant ninth (V<sub>9</sub>) is a dominant seventh plus a major or minor ninth.<ref>Helen S. Leavitt (1916). ''Practical Lesson Plans in Harmony'', p.32. Ginn and Company. "In major keys the dominant ninth is usually major, though occasionally it is chromatically altered to a minor. In minor keys a similar chromatic change from minor to major takes places."</ref>

==See also==
*[[Augmented octave]]
* [[Augmented unison]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Chord factors}}
{{Intervals}}

[[Category:Chord factors]]
[[Category:Seconds (music)]]
[[Category:Compound intervals]]

Ninth - Revision history

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