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{{Short description|Polish academic research network}}
{{For|the instrument at the Very Large Telescope|PIONIER (VLTI)}}

'''PIONIER''' ({{Translation|pioneer}}) is the [[Poland|Polish]] [[national research and education network]] used mainly by national and European academic institutions for [[scientific research]], as well as for the development and testing of pilot [[information society]] services.<ref name="About PIONIER">{{Cite web |title=O PIONIERZE |trans-title=About PIONIER |url=https://pionier.net.pl/en/about-pionier/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20250311170735/https://pionier.net.pl/en/about-pionier/ |archive-date=2025-03-11 |access-date=2025-03-11 |website=PIONIER portal}}</ref> PIONIER encompasses [[high-performance computing]] infrastructure and a growing network ecosystem with terabit capacities, offering services that support [[Digital transformation|digital innovation]] and contributing to [[open science]] as part of the [[European Open Science Cloud]] (EOSC) initiative within the [[European Union]].<ref name="About PIONIER"/>

The network is connected to European scientific networks and computer centers, such as [[CERN]], [[GÉANT]], [[Deutsches Forschungsnetz|DFN]], as well as scientific networks of neighboring countries.<ref name="PIONIER Statistics">{{Cite web |date=February 2025 |title=Statystyki PIONIERa |trans-title=PIONIER Statistics |url=https://www.news.pionier.net.pl/statystyki-pioniera/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20250311171106/https://www.news.pionier.net.pl/statystyki-pioniera/ |archive-date=2025-03-11 |access-date=2025-03-11 |website=PIONIER NEWS |language=pl-PL}}</ref> It has direct access to resources at several key [[Internet exchange point|traffic exchange points]] in Poland and abroad, including [[Amsterdam Internet Exchange|AMS-IX]] (100 Gbps), [[DE-CIX]] (100 Gbps), [[CERN Internet Exchange Point|CIXP]] (100 Gbps) and {{Ill|Equinix Internet Exchange Warsaw|lt=PLIX|pl|Equinix Internet Exchange Warsaw}} (4×10 Gbps).<ref name="PIONIER Statistics"/>

PIONIER was created through the establishment of the {{Ill|PIONIER Consortium|pl|Konsorcjum PIONIER}} in 2003, which consists of 22 academic [[Metropolitan area network|MANs]] (including 5 high-performance computing centers), and is operated by the {{Ill|Poznań Supercomputing and Networking Center|pl|Poznańskie Centrum Superkomputerowo-Sieciowe}}<ref name="About PIONIER"/> as the successor to the {{Ill|POL-34|pl|POL-34|preserve=yes}} and POL-155 networks.

The total length of PIONIER [[Optical fiber|fiber optic]] lines is {{Convert|10958|km|abbr=on}}, of which {{Convert|6878|km|abbr=on}} in Poland and {{Convert|4080|km|abbr=on}} abroad.<ref name="About PIONIER"/> The network achieved 100% availability in 2024, with a median availability of 99.9998% over the past nine years, equating to approximately 63 seconds of downtime annually.<ref name="PIONIER Statistics"/>

==History==
POL-34 was created as a result of an experiment hosted in [[Poznań]] in 1997 during a scientific conference in which the representatives of all major Polish MAN's took part. Its target was to create a high-speed [[Wide area network|WAN]]. During the experiment [[Poznań]], [[Łódź]] and [[Gdańsk]] were connected and the 34 Mbit/s [[Asynchronous Transfer Mode|ATM]] network in a 622 Mbit/s [[Synchronous Digital Hierarchy|SDH]] environment has been created and since then called POL-34. Since its creation, POL-34 has been a purely [[Internet Protocol]] network.

In the beginning, POL-34 used fiber-optic links leased from [[TEL-ENERGO]], a company founded by [[State Power Companies]], [[Polish Power Networks]] and [[Polish Power Distribution Association]]. At the same time, ever since its creation POL-34 was in the process of creating its own infrastructure. Today the Consortium owns all fiber-optic connections to major nodes.

In 1999 a project to extend the bandwidth of the network was proposed and '''POL-155''' was created. Speed was expanded to 155 Mbit/s Asynchronous Transfer Mode between Gdańsk, Łódź and Poznań and a constant effort to create 155 Mbit/s links between smaller nodes was made.

In 2000 POL-34/155 and various other academic organisations set up a project of creating a 10 Gbit/s network within [[GEANT]] project. Network called '''PIONIER''' is the result of that project.

==Organization==
Currently the network connects [[Białystok]], [[Bielsko-Biała]], [[Bydgoszcz]], [[Częstochowa]], [[Gdańsk]], [[Gliwice]], [[Kielce]], [[Kraków]], [[Lublin]], [[Łódź]], [[Opole]], [[Poznań]], [[Puławy]], [[Radom]], [[Toruń]], [[Warsaw]], [[Wrocław]], [[Koszalin]], [[Szczecin]], [[Olsztyn]] and [[Zielona Góra]] with a fiber-optic 10 Gbit/s patch-cord, and consists of 5738,86 km of optical fiber.<ref>http://www.pionier.net.pl/online/pl/artykuly/1097/PIONIER_zamknal_petle_polnocno-wschodnia.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120127122401/http://www.pionier.net.pl/online/pl/artykuly/1097/PIONIER_zamknal_petle_polnocno-wschodnia.html |date=2012-01-27 }}, pol.</ref> PIONIER's Network Operations Center is based in Poznań Supercomputing and Networking Center.

It has connections to various commercial networks, national research and education networks ([[CESNET]], [[Deutsches Forschungsnetz|DFN]], [[SANET]], [[URAN]]<ref>http://www.pionier.net.pl/online/pl/artykuly/1092/PIONIER_laczy_ze_Wschodem.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120127122006/http://www.pionier.net.pl/online/pl/artykuly/1092/PIONIER_laczy_ze_Wschodem.html |date=2012-01-27 }}, pol.</ref>), and is well integrated with the [[GÉANT]] network.

Both POL-34/155 and PIONIER is operated by a consortium of 22 metropolitan area network operators and other educational institutions. Decisions within the consortium are made by [[Vote|voting]].

==See also==
* [[Naukowa i Akademicka Sieć Komputerowa]]

==References==
{{Reflist|
<ref name="About PIONIER">{{Cite web |title=O PIONIERZE |trans-title=About PIONIER |url=https://pionier.net.pl/en/about-pionier/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20250311170735/https://pionier.net.pl/en/about-pionier/ |archive-date=2025-03-11 |access-date=2025-03-11 |website=PIONIER portal}}</ref>
<ref name="PIONIER Statistics">{{Cite web |date=February 2025 |title=Statystyki PIONIERa |trans-title=PIONIER Statistics |url=https://www.news.pionier.net.pl/statystyki-pioniera/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20250311171106/https://www.news.pionier.net.pl/statystyki-pioniera/ |archive-date=2025-03-11 |access-date=2025-03-11 |website=PIONIER NEWS |language=pl-PL}}</ref>
}}

==External links==
* {{Official website|http://www.pionier.net.pl/}}
* [http://www.man.poznan.pl/pcss/public/main/index.html?lang=en Poznań Supercomputing and Networking Center website]

[[Category:Internet in Poland]]
[[Category:National research and education networks]]

PIONIER - Revision history

imported>InternetArchiveBot: Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5