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Moving Category:Metropolitans and Patriarchs of Moscow to Category:Metropolitans and patriarchs of Moscow per Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Speedy

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{{Short description|Patriarch of Moscow from 1589 to 1605}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{more citations needed|date=January 2025}}
{{Redirects here|Saint Job|the biblical person|Job (biblical figure)}}
{{Redirects here|Patriarch Job|the Patriarch of Alexandria|Patriarch Job of Alexandria}}
{{Infobox Christian leader
| honorific-prefix =
| name = Job
| patriarch_of = [[Patriarch of Moscow and all Rus']]
| honorific-suffix =
| image = Патриарх Иов, Царский титулярник.png
| caption = Portrait in the ''[[Tsarsky titulyarnik]]'', 1672
| enthroned = 26 January 1589
| ended = June 1605
| church = [[Russian Orthodox Church]]
| see = Moscow
| predecessor = [[Dionysius, Metropolitan of Moscow|Dionysius]] (as metropolitan)
| successor = [[Ignatius of Moscow|Ignatius]]
| other_post =
| birth_name =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| death_date = 19 June 1607
| death_place = [[Staritsa (town), Tver Oblast|Staritsa]], Russia
| buried = [[Dormition Cathedral, Moscow]]
| ordination =
| consecration =
| consecrated_by =
| awards =
}}

'''Job''' ({{langx|ru|Иов|Iov}}; died 19 June 1607) was [[List of metropolitans and patriarchs of Moscow|Metropolitan of Moscow and all Rus']], the [[Primate (bishop)|primate]] of the [[Russian Orthodox Church]], from 1587 to 1589, and the first [[Patriarch of Moscow and all Rus']] from 1589 to 1605.

He was the seventeenth metropolitan in Moscow to be appointed without the approval of the [[Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople]] as had been the norm. In 1589, [[Jeremias II of Constantinople|Jeremias II]], the patriarch of Constantinople, regularized Job's canonical status and raised him to the status of [[Patriarchate|patriarch]]. 400 years later, the Russian Orthodox Church [[Canonization in the Russian Orthodox Church|canonized]] him in 1989.

==Early life==
His birth name was Ioann ({{langx|ru|Иоанн}}).<ref name=oca>[http://oca.org/saints/lives/2013/06/19/101758-repose-of-st-job-the-patriarch-of-moscow-and-all-russia "Repose of St Job the Patriarch of Moscow, and All Russia", Orthodox Church in America]</ref> As a teenager, Ioann knew most of the biblical texts by heart and strove to become a [[monk]]. His father, however, insisted that he marry. Once, Ioann asked his father's permission to see his [[confessor]] in the Uspensky [[Monastery]] in their native town of [[Staritsa (town), Tver Oblast|Staritsa]] near [[Tver]]. Upon his arrival in 1551, Ioann immediately took [[monastic vows]] and assumed the [[religious name]] of Job.

==Career==
=== Abbot and bishop ===
[[File:Simonov monastery 01.jpg|thumb|A 19th-century watercolour view of the Simonov monastery]]
Job spent fifteen years in the cloister and finally became its [[abbot]] in 1566 with the help of [[Ivan the Terrible]], who had made Staritsa his residence during the time of the [[Oprichnina]]. According to Debra A. Coulter, "Job was known as a humble man of impeccable morals, learned for his times, who worked for the good of the church and the promotion of Orthodox Christianity."<ref>James R. Millar, ed. ''Encyclopedia of Russian History'' (2003) 2:706–707.</ref>

In 1571, Job was transferred to [[Moscow]] and appointed abbot of the [[Simonov Monastery]]. In 1575, he became the abbot of the [[Novospassky Monastery]]. In 1581, Job was [[consecrated]] as the [[bishop]] of [[Kolomna]].

Though a person of mediocre mental abilities, he nevertheless managed to draw the attention of [[Boris Godunov]] by his talent for reading the longest of prayers by heart in a very expressive manner. During the reign of [[Feodor I of Russia|Feodor I]] (whose government was controlled by Boris Godunov), Job was appointed [[archbishop]] of [[Rostov, Yaroslavl Oblast|Rostov]] and the [[List of metropolitans and patriarchs of Moscow|metropolitan of Moscow and all Russia]] in 1587.

===Patriarch of Moscow===
[[File:Geller jove.jpg|thumb|''Patriarch Job refusing to recognize [[False Dmitry I]] as [[Ivan IV]]'s son'', 19th-century painting by Peter Geller]]
Arguing that [[ecclesiastic]] authority in [[Tsardom of Russia|Russia]] should be strengthened, Godunov managed to persuade [[Jeremias II of Constantinople|Jeremias II]], the [[Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople|patriarch of Constantinople]], to establish a [[patriarchate]] in Moscow. On {{OldStyleDate|5 February|1589|26 January}}, Job was consecrated as the first Russian patriarch with the blessing of Jeremias II.{{sfn|Gavrilkin|2014|p=405}} In the decree establishing the [[patriarchate]], the whole Russian tsardom is called a "third Rome".{{sfn|Rock|2006|page=272}} As Feodor was poorly suited to ruling, the diplomacy was left to Godunov.{{sfn|Kent|2021|p=29}}

The residence of the patriarch was established in the [[Moscow Kremlin]], in a building adjacent to the [[Church of the Twelve Apostles]] with Byzantine features.{{sfn|Kent|2021|p=29}} In 1590, a council held in Constantinople confirmed the new status of Moscow, and three years later, the four other Orthodox patriarchs ratified this at another council with the support of 42 bishops.{{sfn|Kent|2021|p=29}}

Job did not approve, however, of Godunov's proposal to open a [[university]] in Moscow staffed with foreign professors because he believed their influence and non-[[Eastern Orthodox Church|Orthodox]] faith would spread [[heterodoxy]] and endanger the purity of the Russian Church. Under Job's supervision, the Russian churchmen corrected books for the [[Canonical Hours|divine services]] and prepared them for publication.{{cn|date=January 2025}}

He assisted in the [[Canonization|glorification]] (canonization) of some of the Russian [[saint]]s, ordering the celebration of the memory of [[Basil Fool for Christ]] in 1588, as well as that of [[Joseph Volotsky]] and others. Patriarch Job also favored the construction of new [[cathedral]]s and monasteries and [[Christianity|Christian]] [[missionary]] activities in the recently conquered [[Astrakhan Khanate]] and [[Siberia]]. He also corresponded with [[Catholicos Nicholas V of Georgia]] and exchanged gifts with him. After the mysterious death of Tsarevich [[Tsarevich Dmitry Ivanovich of Russia (born 1582)|Dmitry Ivanovich]] in 1591, Job accepted the non-criminal version of his demise, supporting Boris Godunov every step of the way.{{cn|date=January 2025}}

In 1591, he headed the official enquiry into the death of Tsarevich Dmitry in Uglich. After consulting with the church council and the duma of boyars, the patriarch announced his verdict – the tsarevich had accidentally stabbed himself and not been murdered. In that year he also founded the [[Donskoy Monastery]] in Moscow.{{cn|date=January 2025}}

==Civil career==
After the death of Tsar [[Feodor I]] and the refusal of his wife, Irina Godunova, to accept the throne, Patriarch Job became the head of state in 1598. As he was much obliged to Boris Godunov for his promotion to the post of patriarch, Job offered his candidature as tsar to the Land Assembly (Zemsky sobor). On 21 February 1598, he headed a religious procession to Boris Godunov at the Novodevichy Convent, imploring him to accept the throne.{{cn|date=January 2025}}

Job was known as a harsh critic of [[False Dmitry I]] and he tried to persuade the people of Moscow to remain loyal to the deceased [[tsar]]. The armed supporters of the [[impostor]] burst into the [[Cathedral of the Dormition]] and a [[boyar]] named P. F. Basmanov declared Job a traitor. Job's formal removal from office was on 24 June 1605, when the council announced his retirement because of old age and ill health. The same council announced the grant of the dignity to the Patriarch Ignatius. Job was sent into [[exile]] to his monastery in [[Staritsa (town), Tver Oblast|Staritsa]], where he went completely blind.{{cn|date=January 2025}}

Job was succeeded by Archbishop [[Ignatius of Moscow|Ignatius]] of [[Ryazan]] and only returned to Moscow following the murder of [[False Dmitry I]], the imprisonment of [[Ignatius of Moscow|Patriarch Ignatius]] at the Monastery of the Miracle and the accession of [[Vasili IV of Russia]]. On 20 February 1607, at the request of Tsar [[Vasili IV of Russia|Vasili Shuisky]], Patriarchs Hermogen and Job jointly celebrated the [[Holy Liturgy]] at the Dormition Cathedral in the [[Moscow Kremlin]], where he forgave the people of Moscow and gave them his blessing.{{cn|date=January 2025}}

==Death==
He died a very sick man in 1607. In 1652, Job's [[relic]]s were transferred to the [[Dormition Cathedral, Moscow|Cathedral of the Dormition]] of the [[Moscow Kremlin]], where they remain to this day. Patriarch Job was [[canonisation|glorified]] as a [[saint]] by the [[Russian Orthodox Church]] in 1989.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Sources==
* {{cite Efron|Иов, патриарх всероссийский}}
* {{cite book |last1=Gavrilkin |first1=Konstantin |editor1-last=McGuckin |editor1-first=John Anthony |title=The Concise Encyclopedia of Orthodox Christianity |date=3 February 2014 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=978-1-118-75933-2 |pages=401-411 |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Concise_Encyclopedia_of_Orthodox_Chr/wqUTAgAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0 |language=en}}
* {{cite book |last1=Kent |first1=Neil |title=A Concise History of the Russian Orthodox Church |date=2021 |publisher=Academica Press |isbn=978-1-68053-907-3 |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/A_Concise_History_of_the_Russian_Orthodo/Eq0wzgEACAAJ |language=en}}
* {{cite book |last1=Rock |first1=Stella |editor1-last=Angold |editor1-first=Michael |title=The Cambridge History of Christianity: Volume 5, Eastern Christianity |date=17 August 2006 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-81113-2 |pages=253–275 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1xUV-nMxNGsC |language=en}}

{{S-start}}
{{s-rel|eo}}
{{succession box
| before=[[Dionysius, Metropolitan of Moscow|Dionysius]]
| title=[[List of metropolitans and patriarchs of Moscow#Metropolitans of Moscow and all Rus' (1448–1589)|Metropolitan of Moscow and all Rus']]
| years=1587–1589
| after= Metropolitan of Moscow was elevated to Patriarch
}}
{{succession box
| title = [[Patriarch of Moscow and all Rus']]
| before = Office created
| years = 1589–1605
| after = [[Ignatius of Moscow|Ignatius]]
}}
{{s-end}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Job of Moscow, Patriarch}}
[[Category:Metropolitans of Moscow and all Rus']]
[[Category:Metropolitans and patriarchs of Moscow]]
[[Category:1607 deaths]]
[[Category:Burials at Dormition Cathedral, Moscow]]
[[Category:17th-century Christian saints]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
[[Category:Russian saints of the Eastern Orthodox Church]]
[[Category:16th-century Russian clergy]]
[[Category:17th-century Russian clergy]]

Patriarch Job of Moscow - Revision history

imported>JJMC89 bot III: Moving :Category:Metropolitans and Patriarchs of Moscow to :Category:Metropolitans and patriarchs of Moscow per Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Speedy