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{{short description|Flemish physician and botanist (1517–1585)}}
{{Infobox scientist
| image = Rembert Dodoens00.jpg
| caption = Engraving by [[Theodor de Bry]], in ''Bibliotheca chalcographica'' (1669)
| birth_date = 29 June 1517
| birth_place = [[Mechelen]], Flanders (now Belgium)
| birth_name = Rembert Van Joenckema
| other_names = Rembertus Dodonaeus
| parents = Denis van Joenckema and Ursula Roelants
| death_date = {{death date and age|1585|3|10|1517|6|29|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Leyden|Leiden]], South Holland, The Netherlands
| resting_place = [[Pieterskerk, Leiden]]
| nationality = [[Flemish people|Flemish]]
| education =
| fields = Medicine, botany
| workplaces = Mechelin, Vienna, [[Leiden University]]
| alma_mater = [[Old University of Leuven|University of Leuven]]
| known_for = ''Cruydboeck'', a "[[Herbal]]"
| author_abbrev_bot = '''Dodoens'''
| spouse = * Kathelijne de Bruyn (1539–1572)
* Maria Saerinen
| children = 5
}}

'''Rembert Dodoens''' (born '''Rembert van Joenckema''', 29 June 1517 – 10 March 1585) was a [[Flemish people|Flemish]] [[physician]] and [[botanist]], also known under his [[Latinization (literature)|Latinized]] name '''Rembertus Dodonaeus'''. He has been called the father of botany.{{efn|"Dodoens qui est incontestablement le père de la botanique"{{sfn|Mortier|1873}}}} {{botanist|Dodoens|border=0|inline=1}}

== Life ==
Dodoens was born Rembert van Joenckema in [[Mechelen]], then the capital of the [[Spanish Netherlands]] in 1517. His parents were Denis van Joenckema (d. 1533) and Ursula Roelants. The van Joenckema family and name are [[frisians|Frisian]] in origin. Its members were active in politics and jurisprudence in [[Friesland]] and some had moved in 1516 to Mechelen.{{sfn|Florkin|2008}} His father was one of the municipal physicians in Mechelen and a private physician to [[Margaret of Austria, Duchess of Savoy|Margaret of Austria]], Governor of the Netherlands, in her final illness. Margaret of Austria's [[Hof van Savoye|court]] was based in Mechelen.{{sfn|Huskin|2007}} Rembert later changed his last name to Dodoens (literally "Son of Dodo", a form of his father's name, Denis or Doede).
[[File:Torcksch Coren 506 Dodoens 1554.png|thumb|left|160px|''Torcksch Coren'' (Turkish corn), illustration from the Cruÿdeboeck 1554]]

=== Education, marriage, and travels ===
Dodoens was educated at the municipal college in Mechelen before beginning his studies in [[medicine]], [[cosmography]] and [[geography]] at the age of 13 at the [[Old University of Leuven|University of Leuven]] (Louvain), under Arnold Noot, Leonard Willemaer, Jean Heems, and Paul Roelswhere. He graduated with a licentiate in medicine in 1535, and as was the custom of the time, began extensive travels (''Wanderjahren'') in Europe till 1546, including Italy, Germany, France, and a stay in [[Basel]] 1542–1546. In 1539 he married Kathelijne De Bruyn (1517–1572), who came from a medical family in Mechelen. With her he had four children, Ursula (b. 1544), Denijs (b. 1548), Antonia, and Rembert Dodoens.{{sfn|Homs|2015}} After his wife's death at the age of 55 in 1572, he married Maria Saerinen by whom he had a daughter, Johanna.{{sfn|van Hee|2016}}

=== Medical career ===
In 1548, Dodoens followed in his father's footsteps by becoming one of the three municipal [[physicians]] in Mechelen together with Joachim Roelandts and Jacob De Moor.{{sfn|Florkin|2008}}{{sfn|Edward Worth|2017}} In 1557, Dodoens turned down an offer of a chair at the University of Leuven. He also turned down an offer to become court physician of king [[Philip II of Spain]]. In 1575–1578, he was the court physician of the Holy Roman emperor Maximilian II and his successor [[Austria]]n emperor [[Rudolph II]] in [[Vienna]]. In 1582, he was appointed [[professor]] of medicine at the [[University of Leiden]].{{sfn|Luebering|2008}} He died in Leiden in 1585, and was buried at [[Pieterskerk, Leiden]].{{sfn|Luebering|2008}}{{sfn|Gilias et al|2016}}{{sfn|Florkin|2008}}

==State of botanical science in Dodoens' time==
[[File:Cruijdeboeck, Deel 6, Cap. i, Van Roosen, Rembert Dodoens.jpg|thumb|180px|Title page of Part 6 of the ''Cruijdeboeck'' 1554]]

In the early sixteenth century the general belief was that the plant world had been completely described by [[Dioscorides]] in his ''[[De Materia Medica]]''. During Dodoens' lifetime, botanical knowledge was undergoing enormous expansion, partly fueled by the expansion of the known plant world by New World exploration, the [[history of printing|availability of printing]] and the use of [[wood-block]] illustration. This period is thought of as a botanical [[Renaissance]]. Europe became fascinated with natural history from the 1530s, and gardening and cultivation of plants became a passion and prestigious pursuit from monarchs to universities. The first botanical gardens appeared as well as the first illustrated botanical encyclopaedias, together with thousands of watercolours and woodcuts. The experience of farmers, gardeners, foresters, apothecaries and physicians was being supplemented by the rise of the plant expert. Collecting became a discipline, specifically the ''[[Kunst- und Wunderkammern]]'' (cabinets of curiosities) outside of Italy and the study of naturalia became widespread through many social strata. The great botanists of the sixteenth century were all, like Dodoens, originally trained as physicians, who pursued a knowledge of plants not just for medicinal properties, but in their own right. Chairs in botany, within medical faculties were being established in European universities throughout the sixteenth century in reaction to this trend, and the scientific approach of observation, documentation and experimentation was being applied to the study of plants.{{sfn|Visser|2001}}

[[Otto Brunfels]] published his ''Herbarium'' in 1530, followed by those of [[Jerome Bock]] (1539) and [[Leonhard Fuchs]] (1542), men that [[Kurt Sprengel]] would later call the "German fathers of botany". These men all influenced Dodoens, who was their successor.{{sfn|Visser|2001}}

== Publications ==

Dodoens' initial works were published in the fields of [[cosmography]] and [[physiology]]. His ''De frugum historia'' (1552), a treatise on [[cereals]], [[vegetables]], and [[fodder]]s {{sfn|Dodoens|1552}} marked the beginning of a distinguished career in botany.

=== ''Cruydeboeck'' ===
His [[herbal]] ''Cruydeboeck'' (herb book) with 715 images (1554, 1563){{sfn|Dodoens|1554}} was influenced by earlier German botanists, particularly that of [[Leonhart Fuchs]]. Of the drawings in the ''Cruydeboeck'', 515 were borrowed from Leonhart Fuchs' ''New-Kreuterbüchlein'' (1543) while 200 new drawings were drawn by [[Pieter van der Borcht the Elder]] and the woodblocks cut by [[Arnold Nicolai]].{{sfn|Vande Walle|2001}}

Rather than the traditional method of arranging the plants in alphabetical order, the ''Cruydeboeck'' divided the [[plant kingdom]] into six groups (''Deel''), based on their properties and affinities. It treated in detail especially the medicinal herbs, which made this work, in the eyes of many, a [[pharmacopoeia]]. This work and its various editions and translations became one of the most important botanical works of the late 16th century, part of its popularity being his use of the [[vernacular]] rather than the commonly used Latin.{{sfn|Florkin|2008}}{{sfn|Luebering|2008}}
[[File:Title page of Cruydt-Boeck, 1618 edition.jpg|thumb|200px|Title page of the ''Crvydt-Boeck'' (1618 ed.)]]

==== Translations ====
The ''Cruydeboeck'' was translated first into [[French language|French]] in 1557 by [[Carolus Clusius|Charles de L'Ecluse]] (''Histoire des Plantes''),{{sfn|Dodoens|1557}} and into English in 1578 by [[Henry Lyte (botanist)|Henry Lyte]] (via L'Ecluse) (''A new herbal, or historie of plants''), and later into Latin in 1583 (''Stirpium historiae pemptades sex'').{{sfn|Dodonaei|1583}} The English version became a standard work in that language. At the time, it was the most translated book after the [[Bible]]. It became a work of worldwide renown, used as a [[reference book]] for two centuries.{{efn|''Het Cruijdeboeck, dat in 1554 verscheen. Dit meesterwerk was na de bijbel in die tijd het meest vertaalde boek. Het werd gedurende meer dan een eeuw steeds weer heruitgegeven en gedurende meer dan twee eeuwen was het het meest gebruikte handboek over kruiden in West-Europa. Het is een werk van wereldfaam en grote wetenschappelijke waarde. De nieuwe gedachten die Dodoens erin neerlegde, werden de bouwstenen voor de botanici en medici van latere generaties.'' (The Cruijdeboeck, published in 1554. This masterpiece was, after the bible, the most translated book in that time. It continued to be republished for more than a century and for more than two centuries it was the mostly used referential about herbs. It is a work with world fame and great scientific value. The new thoughts written down by Dodoens, became the building bricks for botanists and [[physician]]s of later generations){{sfn|Plantaardigheden|2005}}}}{{sfn|Plantaardigheden|2005}}

==== Expanded editions ====
The ''Cruydeboeck''{{'}}s Latin version published at the [[Plantin Press]] in Antwerp in 1583 under the title ''Stirpium historiae pemptades sex sive libri XXXs'' was a considerable revision. It contained new families, enlarged the number of groups from 6 to 26 and included many new illustrations, both original and borrowed. It was used by [[John Gerard]] as the source for his widely used ''Herball'' (1597).{{sfn|Luebering|2008}}{{sfn|Gerard|2015}} [[Thomas Johnson (botanist)|Thomas Johnson]], in his preface to his 1633 edition of ''Herball'', explains the controversial use of Dodoens' work by Gerard.{{efn|Rembertus Dodoneus a Physition borne at Mechlin in Brabant, about this time begun to write of Plants. Hee first set foorth a Historie in Dutch, which by Clusius was turned into French, with some additions, Anno Domini 1560. And this was translated out of French into English by Master Henry Lite, and set forth with figures, Anno Dom. 1578 and diuers times since printed, but without Figures… Afterwards hee put them all together, his former, and those his later Workes, and diuided into thirtie Bookes, and set them forth with 1305 figures, in fol. An. 1583. This edition was also translated into English.{{sfn|Gerard|2015}}}}{{sfn|Gerard|2015}} The Latin version was also translated back into Dutch and published in 1608 in Leiden by the Plantin Press of [[Franciscus Raphelengius|Frans van Ravelingen]] under the title ''Crvydt-Boeck van Robertus Dodonaeus, volgens sijne laatste verbetering... etc''. This edition included additional information on American plants prepared by Joost van Ravelingen, the brother of the publisher and a botanist and physician like Dodoens himself. The Dutch editions of 1618 and 1644 were reprints of this 1608 edition.<ref>[https://dbnl.org/tekst/_gul005193701_01/_gul005193701_01_0010.php Maurits Sabbe, ''Een en ander over Dodoens' Cruydboeck-uitgaven van 1608 en 1618 en de Van Ravelingen's''] in: De Gulden Passer. Jaargang 15, 1937, pp. 89-106 {{in lang|fr}}</ref> The 1644 edition had 1492 pages and 1367 woodcuts.{{sfn|Vande Walle|2001}}

=== List of selected publications ===

''See'' {{harvnb|Vande Walle|2001a}}
{{Div col}}
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book|last=Dodoens|first=Rembert|author-link=Rembert Dodoens|title=Cosmographica in astronomiam et geographiam isagoge|date=1548}}
** (1584) ''De sphaera sive de astronomiae et geographiae principiis cosmographica isagoge''. Antwerp (2nd ed.)
* {{cite book|last=Dodoens|first=Rembert|author-link=Rembert Dodoens|title=De frugum historia, liber unus. Ejusdem epistolae duae, una de Fare, Chondro, Trago, Ptisana, Crimno et Alica; altera de Zytho et Cerevisia|location=Antwerp|date=1552}}
* {{cite book|last=Dodoens|first=Rembert|author-link=Rembert Dodoens|title=Trium priorum de stirpium historia commentariorum imagines|date=1554|ref=none}}
* {{cite book|last=Dodoens|first=Rembert|author-link=Rembert Dodoens|title=Posteriorum trium de stirpium historia commentariorum imagines|date=1554|ref=none}}
* {{cite book|last1=Dodoens|first1=Rembert|author-link=Rembert Dodoens|title=Des Cruydboeks|date=1554|edition=1st|publisher=J. van der Loe|location=Antwerp|url=http://leesmaar.nl/cruijdeboeck/index.htm|language=nl, la}}, ''also at'' [http://217.105.198.154/Digital_Library/Emags/156i_80/index.html#/1/ Teylers Museum] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171109081342/http://217.105.198.154/Digital_Library/Emags/156i_80/index.html#/1/ |date=2017-11-09 }}
** [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/7118#/summary 2nd ed. 1563]{{efn|''Cruydeboek'': Illustrations by Pieter van der Borcht{{sfn|Badke|2004}}}}
* {{cite book|last=Dodoens|first=Rembert|author-link=Rembert Dodoens|title=Historia frumentorum, leguminum, palustrium et aquatilium herbarum acceorum, quae eo pertinent|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/7090#/summary|date=1566|publisher=Ex officina Christophori Plantini}}{{efn|''Historia frumentorum'': [[Pieter van der Borcht (I)|Pieter van der Borcht]] made 60 drawings of plants for this [[herbarium]] that was published by [[Christophe Plantin|Christopher Plantin]] in Antwerp{{sfn|Badke|2004}}}}
* {{cite book|last=Dodoens|first=Rembert|author-link=Rembert Dodoens|title=Purgantium aliarumque eo facientium, tam et radicum, convolvulorum ac deletariarum herbarum historiae libri IIII.... Accessit appendix variarum et quidem rarissimarum nonnullarum stirpium, ac florum quorumdam peregrinorum elegantissimorumque icones omnino novas nec antea editas, singulorumque breves descriptiones continens...|trans-title=On purgatives|url=https://archive.org/details/purgantiumaliar00unkngoog|date=1574|publisher=[[Christophe Plantin]]|location=Antwerp|language=la}} ''2nd ed. 1576'', ''see also'' [http://www.abocamuseum.it/en/museum/centre-for-studies-and-research/detail-book?IDOgg=198 Aboca Museum] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171117145234/http://www.abocamuseum.it/en/museum/centre-for-studies-and-research/detail-book?IDOgg=198 |date=2017-11-17 }}
* {{cite book|last=Dodoens|first=Rembert|author-link=Rembert Dodoens|title=Physiologices medicinae tabulae|date=1550}}
* {{cite book|last=Dodoens|first=Rembert|author-link=Rembert Dodoens|title=Medicinalium observationum exempla rara|date=1581}}
* {{cite book|last1=Dodonaei|first1=Remberti|author-link=Rembert Dodoens|title=Stirpium historiae pemptades sex, sive libri XXX|date=1583|orig-year=1554|trans-title=Crvyd-boeck|publisher=Plantini|location=Antwerp|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/855#/summary|language=la|author-mask=1}}

=== Posthumous ===

* ''Praxis medica'' (1616)
* ''Remberti Dodonaei Mechilensis ... stirpium historiae pemptades sex, sive libri XXX : varie ab Auctore, paullo ante Mortem, aucti & emendati''. Antverpiae : Moretus / Plantin, 1616 [http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:061:2-171008 Digital edition] of the [[University and State Library Düsseldorf]].
* ''Ars medica, ofte ghenees-kunst'' (1624)
* [http://leesmaar.nl/cruydtboeck/index.htm ''Cruydt-Boeck'' (1644)] (13th, last and most comprehensive edition, 5th Flemish ed.)

=== Works in translation ===
* {{cite book|last=Dodoens|first=Rembert|author-link=Rembert Dodoens|title=Cruydeboeck|trans-title=Histoire des plantes|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=edRcLIuF_ugC|year=1557|orig-year=1554|others=trans. from Dutch, by [[Carolus Clusius]]|publisher=de l'Imprimerie de Iean Loë|location=Antwerp|language=fr}}{{efn|''Histoire des plantes'' ran to 27 editions{{sfn|Mortier|1873}}}}
* {{Cite book|title=Purgantium aliarumque eo facientium, tum et radicum, convolvulorum ac deleteriarum herbarum historiae libri|volume=|publisher=Christophe Plantin|location=Antwerpen|year=1574|language=la|url=https://gutenberg.beic.it/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=8643263}}
* {{Cite book|title=Historia vitis vinique et stirpium nonnullarum aliarum|volume=|publisher=Maternus Cholinus|location=Köln|year=1580|language=la|url=https://gutenberg.beic.it/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=8487117}}
* {{cite book|last1=Dodoens|first1=Rembert|author-link=Rembert Dodoens|title=Cruijdeboeck|trans-title=A new herbal, or historie of plants|year=1619|others=trans. from French (Histoire des plantes 1557) and Flemish (1563) by [[Henry Lyte (botanist)|Henry Lyte]]|url=http://caliban.mpiz-koeln.mpg.de/~stueber/lyte/index.html}}
{{Div col end}}
{{refend}}

=== Eponomy ===

The plant genus ''[[Dodonaea]]'' was named after Dodoens, by [[Carl Linnaeus]]. The following species are also named after him: ''[[Epilobium dodonaei]]'', ''[[Comocladia dodonaea]]'', ''[[Phellandrium dodonaei]]'', ''[[Smyrnium dodonaei]]'', ''[[Hypericum dodonaei]]'' and ''[[Pelargonium dodonaei]]''.

== Bibliography ==
{{refbegin|30em}}
=== Books and articles ===

* {{cite book|last=Cock|first=Alfons De|title=Rembert Dodoens|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wx9FAAAAcAAJ|year=1890|publisher=Vuylsteke|language=nl}}
* {{cite book|last=Mortier|first=Barthélemy-Charles Du|author-link=Du Mortier|title=Opuscules de botanique 1862-1873|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pMAZAAAAIAAJ&pg=PR5|page=vi|year=1873|publisher=G. Mayolez|location=Brussels}}
* {{cite book|last1=Gerard|first1=John|editor1-last=Johnson|editor1-first=Thomas|others=Originally published by Adam Islip, Joice Norton and Richard Whitakers in London|title=The Herbal Or General History of Plants|date=2015|orig-year=1633|publisher=Dover|location=NY|isbn=9781606600801|edition=2nd|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VtWRCgAAQBAJ}}
* {{cite book|editor1=Guy Gilias|editor2=Cornelis van Tilburg|editor3=Vincent Van Roy|title=Rembert Dodoens: Een zestiende-eeuwse kruidenwetenschapper, zijn tijd- en vakgenoten en zijn betekenis|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3Bo3DwAAQBAJ|date=2016|publisher=Maklu|isbn=978-90-441-3530-5|language=nl|ref={{harvid|Gilias et al|2016}}}}
* {{cite book|editor1=Pascale Pollier-Green|editor2=Ann van de Velde|editor3=Chantal Pollier|title=Confronting Mortality with Art and Science: Scientific and Artistic Impressions on what the Certainty of Death Says about Life|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IZD2OkP_WogC|year=2007|publisher=Asp / Vubpress / Upa|isbn=978-90-5487-443-0|ref={{harvid|Pollier-Green et al|2007}}}}
* {{cite book|last1=Pavord|first1=Anna|author-link=Anna Pavord|title=The naming of names the search for order in the world of plants.|date=2005|publisher=Bloomsbury|location=New York|isbn=9781596919655|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qksX1BeWkqcC}}
* {{cite book|last1=Sachs|first1=Julius von|author-link=Julius von Sachs|title=Geschichte der Botanik vom 16. Jahrhundert bis 1860|trans-title=[[History of Botany (1530-1860)|History of botany (1530-1860)]]|date=1890|orig-year=1875|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|location=Oxford|others=translated by Henry E. F. Garnsey, revised by Isaac Bayley Balfour|chapter=The Botanists of Germany and the Netherlands from Brunfels to Kaspar Bauhin. 1530–1623|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/74318#page/33/mode/1up|pages=13–36|doi=10.5962/bhl.title.30585}}
* {{cite book|last1=Stafleu|first1=Frans A.|last2=Cowan|first2=Richard S.|author-link1=Frans Stafleu|author-link2=Richard Sumner Cowan|title=Taxonomic literature: a selective guide to botanical publications and collections with dates, commentaries and types|date=1976|publisher=Bohn, Scheltema & Holkema|location=Utrecht|edition=2nd|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103414#page/709/mode/1up|volume=1. A–G|pages=661–665|chapter=Dodoens, Rembert|isbn=9789031302246}}
* {{cite book|editor1-last=Vande Walle|editor1-first=W.F.|editor1-link=Willy Vande Walle|title=Dodonæus in Japan: translation and the scientific mind in the Tokugawa period|date=2001|publisher=[[Leuven University Press]]|location=Leuven|isbn=9789058671790|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KlJ98HmxSqMC}}
** [https://iias.asia/sites/default/files/IIAS_NL32_32.pdf Review. Margarita Winkel Newsletter: International Institute for Asian Studies 32. Autumn 2003]
* {{cite encyclopedia |last1=Florkin |first1=Marcel |title=Dodoens (Dodonaeus), Rembert |url=http://www.encyclopedia.com/science/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/dodoens-dodonaeus-rembert |encyclopedia=[[Dictionary of Scientific Biography]] |access-date=3 November 2017 |date=2008 }}
* {{cite web|last1=Brown|first1=Mark|title=Shakespeare: writer claims discovery of only portrait made during his lifetime|url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2015/may/19/shakespeare-writer-claims-discovery-of-only-portrait-made-during-his-lifetime|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|date=19 May 2015|access-date=2 November 2017}}
* {{cite journal|last1=Griffiths|first1=Mark|title=The true face of Shakespeare: Dioscorides and the Fourth Man|journal=[[Country Life (magazine)|Country Life]]|date=25 August 2015|url=http://www.countrylife.co.uk/articles/the-true-face-of-shakespeare-dioscorides-and-the-fourth-man-75145|access-date=3 November 2017|archive-date=7 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107022754/http://www.countrylife.co.uk/articles/the-true-face-of-shakespeare-dioscorides-and-the-fourth-man-75145|url-status=dead}}

=== Chapters ===

* {{cite book|last1=Huskin|first1=Wim|title=Rembert Dodoens: Forensc Medicine in 16th-century Mechelen|year=2007|pages=104–111|publisher=Asp / Vubpress / Upa|isbn=9789054874430|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IZD2OkP_WogC&pg=PA104}}, in {{harvtxt|Pollier-Green et al|2007}}
* {{cite book|last1=van Hee|first1=Bob|title=Rembert Dodoens en zijn Galenisch therapeutisch denkbeeld|date=4 September 2017|pages=33–44|publisher=Maklu|isbn=9789044135305|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3Bo3DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA33|ref={{harvid|van Hee|2016}}}}, in {{harvtxt|Gilias et al|2016}}
* {{cite book|last1=Vande Walle|first1=W. F.|title=Dodonaeus: A bio-bibliographical summary|year=2001|pages=33–43|publisher=Leuven University Press|isbn=9789058671790|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KlJ98HmxSqMC&pg=PA33|ref={{harvid|Vande Walle|2001a}}}}, in {{harvtxt|Vande Walle|2001}}
* {{cite book|last1=Visseer|first1=Robert|title=Dodonaeus and the herbal tradition|year=2001|pages=44–58|publisher=Leuven University Press|isbn=9789058671790|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KlJ98HmxSqMC&pg=PA474|ref={{harvid|Visser|2001}}}}, in {{harvtxt|Vande Walle|2001}}

===External links===

* {{cite web|title=Rembert Dodoens: iets over zijn leven en werk – Dodoens' werken|date=20 December 2005|work=Plantaardigheden – Project Rembert Dodoens (Rembertus Dodonaeus)|language=nl|publisher=Stichting Kruidenhoeve/Plantaardigheden, [[Balkbrug]], Netherlands|url=http://plantaardigheden.nl/dodoens/default.htm|access-date=5 November 2017|ref={{harvid|Plantaardigheden|2005}}}}
* {{cite web|last1=Badke|first1=David|title=Pieter van der Borcht|url=http://spcoll.library.uvic.ca/Digit/physiologum/commentary/bio_borcht.htm|website=Sancti Ephiphani ad Physiologum|publisher=[[University of Victoria]]|access-date=2 November 2017|date=1 September 2004}}
* {{cite web|last1=Luebering|first1=J.E.|title=Rembert Dodoens|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Rembert-Dodoens|publisher=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|access-date=2 November 2017|date=9 December 2008}}
* {{cite web|title=Rembert Dodoens|url=http://botany.edwardworthlibrary.ie/herbals/sixteenth-century/rembert-dodoens/|website=Botany at the Edward Worth Library|publisher=[[Edward Worth (politician)|Edward Worth]] Library, [[Dr Steevens' Hospital]]|access-date=3 November 2017|location=Dublin|date=2017|ref={{harvid|Edward Worth|2017}}}}
* {{cite web|title=Dodoens, Rembert, 1517-1585|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/creator/1015#/titles|publisher=[[Biodiversity Heritage Library]]|access-date=4 November 2017}} ''Bibliography''
* {{cite web|last1=Homs|first1=George J.|title=Rembertus Dodonaeus|url=https://www.geni.com/people/Rembertus-Dodonaeus/6000000018552881068|website=Geni|access-date=4 November 2017|date=9 March 2015}}
*{{cite web|last1=van Riemsdijk|first1=Willem|last2=van Riemsdijk-Zandee|first2=Trudy|title=Christine Bertolf en Dodonaeus Netwerken in de zestiende eeuw|url=https://www.stinze-stiens.nl/nieuws/blog/christine-bertolf-en-dodonaeus-netwerken-in-de-zestiende-eeuw/|website=Stinze Stiens|access-date=8 November 2017|language=nl|archive-date=8 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171108095242/https://www.stinze-stiens.nl/nieuws/blog/christine-bertolf-en-dodonaeus-netwerken-in-de-zestiende-eeuw/|url-status=dead}}
* {{cite web|last1=Westfall|first1=Richard S.|title=Dodoens, Rembert|website=The Galileo Project|url=http://galileo.rice.edu/Catalog/NewFiles/dodoens.html|publisher=[[Rice University]]|access-date=19 November 2017|date=1995}}
{{refend}}

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons-inline}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dodoens, Rembert}}
[[Category:1517 births]]
[[Category:1585 deaths]]
[[Category:Physicians from the Habsburg Netherlands]]
[[Category:Flemish botanists]]
[[Category:Botanists with author abbreviations]]
[[Category:16th-century botanists]]
[[Category:Scientists from Mechelen]]
[[Category:Old University of Leuven alumni]]
[[Category:Academic staff of Leiden University]]
[[Category:Burials at Pieterskerk, Leiden]]
[[Category:Scientists from the Spanish Netherlands]]
[[Category:Physicians from Mechelen]]

Rembert Dodoens - Revision history

imported>Innocent Gentillet: Copyedit (minor)