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{{short description|City in Chile}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement

| name =Talcahuano
| other_name =
| native_name = 
| settlement_type = [[List of cities in Chile|City]], [[Port]] and [[Communes of Chile|Commune]]
| image_skyline = Talcahuano.JPG
| image_caption =
| image_flag =
| flag_alt = Flag
| image_shield = Escudo de Talcahuano.svg
| shield_alt = Coat of arms
| image_map = Txu-oclc-224571178-sj18-04-quiriquina.jpg
| map_caption = Map of Talcahuano in Biobío Region
| map_alt = Map of Talcahuano in Biobío Region
| pushpin_map = Chile
| pushpin_map_narrow = yes
| pushpin_label_position = bottom
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Chile
| coordinates = {{coord|36|43|0|S|73|07|19|W|region:CL-BI|display=inline,title}}
| coor_pinpoint = city
| coordinates_footnotes =
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name = {{flag|Chile}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[Regions of Chile|Region]]
| subdivision_name1 = {{flagicon image|Flag_of_Biobío_Region,_Chile.svg}} [[Biobío Region|Biobío]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Provinces of Chile|Province]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Concepción Province, Chile|Concepción]]
| government_footnotes =<ref name="Munitel">{{Cite web |url = http://www.talcahuano.cl/ |title=Asociación Chilena de Municipalidades | access-date=23 February 2011|language=es}}</ref><ref name="Official">{{Cite web |url = http://www.talcahuano.cl/ |title=Municipality of Talcahuano | access-date=23 February 2011|language=es}}</ref>
| government_type = [[Municipality]]
| leader_title = [[Alcalde]]
| leader_party = [[Independent (politician)|Ind.]]
| leader_name = Gastón Saavedra Chandía
|established_title = Founded
|established_date = 1764
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =<ref name="INE">{{Cite web |url= http://www.ine.cl/canales/chile_estadistico/censos_poblacion_vivienda/censo_pobl_vivi.php |title= National Statistics Institute |access-date=13 December 2010|language=es}}</ref>
| area_total_km2 = 92.3
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 1
| population_footnotes =<ref name="INE"/>
| population_total = 150499
| population_as_of = 2012 Census
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_metro = 250348
| population_blank1_title = [[Urban area|Urban]]
| population_blank1 = 248964
| population_blank2_title = [[Rural area|Rural]]
| population_blank2 = 1384
| population_demonym = Talcahuian
| demographics_type1 = Sex
| demographics1_footnotes =<ref name="INE"/>
| demographics1_title1 = Men
| demographics1_info1 = 121,778
| demographics1_title2 = Women
| demographics1_info2 = 128,570
| timezone = [[Time in Chile|CLT]]
| utc_offset = −4
| timezone_DST = [[Time in Chile|CLST]]
| utc_offset_DST = −3
| postal_code_type =
| postal_code =
| area_code = 56 + 41
| website ={{url|www.talcahuano.cl/}} {{in lang|es}}
| footnotes =
}}

'''Talcahuano''' ({{IPA|es|talkaˈwano}}) (From [[Mapuche language|Mapudungun]] ''Tralkawenu'', "Thundering Sky") is a port [[List of cities in Chile|city]] and [[Communes of Chile|commune]] in the [[Biobío Region]] of [[Chile]]. It is part of the [[Greater Concepción]] conurbation. Talcahuano is located in the south of the [[Zona Central, Chile|Central Zone]] of Chile.

==Geography==
Together with ten other municipalities, it forms part of the [[Concepción Province, Chile|Concepción Province]], which in turn is one of four provinces that forms the VIII Region of [[Biobío Region]].

==Demographics==
According to the 2002 [[census]] of the [[National Statistics Institute (Chile)|National Statistics Institute]], Talcahuano spans an area of {{convert|145.8|sqkm|0|abbr=on}} and has 250,348 inhabitants (121,778 men and 128,570 women). Of these, 248,964 (99.4%) lived in [[urban area]]s and 1,384 (0.6%) in [[rural area]]s. The population grew by 59.9% (93,766 persons) between the 1992 and 2002 censuses.<ref name= "INE"/> With a population density of 1,873 inhabitants per square kilometre, it is the seventh most populated city of the country.

== History ==
The official foundation date of Talcahuano is 5 November 1764 when [[Antonio de Guill y Gonzaga]] declared it an official port. However, the site of Talcahuano began to appear in history books as early as 1544 when [[Genoa|Genoese]] captain [[Juan Bautista Pastene]] discovered the mouth of the Biobío river while exploring the coast in his ships ''San Pedro'' and ''Santiaguillo''. In 1601 [[Alonso de Ribera]] built Fort Talcahueno to defend remaining Spanish settlements near [[Penco|Concepción]].

The city is named after an Araucanian chief, Talcahueñu, who inhabited the region at the arrival of the Spanish. In [[Mapudungun]], the language of the indigenous [[Mapuche]]s, Talcahuano means "Thundering Sky".

The port was well known to American whaleships of the 19th century. They often put in for fresh water, food, and various forms of entertainment for the crews.

On 24 January 1939 at around 23.33 the city was hit by a major earthquake of 8.3 which had an epicenter close to the city of [[Chillán]]. The Chilean Government requested from the British Government the help of two British cruisers [[HMS Ajax (22)]] and [[HMS Exeter (68)]] then visiting the city of [[Valparaíso]] to head south to investigate. The ships arrived at Talcahuano on 25th, many of the city's main buildings had been destroyed with little power, food or water available to the survivors. The two ships crews helped with rubble clearing, rescuing those still trapped, recovering bodies as well as the ships taking trips north to Valparaiso with those injured and refugees.<ref>Holman, D. ''The Man They Couldn't Kill'' London 1960 pp44-46</ref>

[[File:Tsunami Carried Boat-Chile 2010-Talcahuano.jpg|thumb|200px|left|The 2010 tsunami carried this fishing boat ashore.]]

===27 February 2010 earthquake===
On 27 February 2010 Talcahuano was devastated by the 8.8 magnitude [[2010 Chile earthquake]] and its subsequent [[tsunami]]. These back-to-back disasters left 80% of the city's residents homeless.
<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna35615455 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100301120606/http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/35615455/ns/world_news-chile_earthquake/ |url-status=live |archive-date=1 March 2010 |work=msnbc.com |title=Double tragedy for Chile's beach communities |date=27 February 2010 |access-date=1 March 2010}}</ref> The tsunami is estimated to have been more than 7.5 feet high.<ref name=Time-2010-03-04>{{cite news | work=Time Magazine | url=http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1968856,00.html?iid=sphere-inline-bottom | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604143231/http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1968856,00.html?iid=sphere-inline-bottom | url-status=dead | archive-date=4 June 2011 | title=Chile: Prepared for the Quake but Not the Tsunami | first=Tim | last=Padget | date=1 March 2010 | access-date=4 March 2010}}</ref> After a week, there are only 20 reported deaths, and 18 missing. The city government estimates that it will take 10 years to recover from the quake and tsunami. The local government has been turning away tent aid, as they want to make permanent shelters rather than have permanent tent camps.<ref>{{cite news | publisher=Xinhua | url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/indepth/2010-03/08/c_13201676.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609204435/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/indepth/2010-03/08/c_13201676.htm | url-status=dead | archive-date=9 June 2011 | title=Destruction seen everywhere in tsunami-hit Chilean port | first=Alexander | last=Manda | date=7 March 2010 | access-date=8 March 2010}}</ref>

== Economy ==
Talcahuano contains Chile's Productive development Pillar of the development of the city, the productive activities represent the motor of the advance of Talcahuano in a globalized world. From tourism, our marine gastronomy, the nautical qualities of the bay, to industry, trade in services, products and the logistics platform. Talcahuano is an integral city that grows hand in hand with the spirit of its inhabitants. main naval base which is home of the historical relic, the [[Huáscar (ship)|''Huáscar'']], a Peruvian [[ironclad]] ship (British-made), which was captured in 1879 during the [[War of the Pacific]]. It is also the base of the Chilean submarine fleet and the [[ASMAR|ASMAR shipyard]].

==Administration==
As a commune, Talcahuano is a third-level [[administrative division of Chile]] administered by a [[municipal council]], headed by an [[alcalde]] who is directly elected every four years. The 2016 - 2020 alcalde is Henry Campos Coa ([[Independent Democratic Union|UDI]]).<ref name="Munitel"/><ref name="Official"/>

The commune of Talcahuano has seventeen districts, the three most populous being Carriel, San Vicente and San Miguel, which together account for about 46% of the population of the commune.<ref name="Div-Polit">{{Cite web|title=División Político Administrativa y Censal |year=2007 |publisher=Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas (INE) |language=es |url=http://www.ine.cl/canales/chile_estadistico/territorio/division_politico_administrativa/pdf/DPA_COMPLETA.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130308201322/http://www.ine.cl/canales/chile_estadistico/territorio/division_politico_administrativa/pdf/DPA_COMPLETA.pdf |archive-date=8 March 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref> Only two of the districts contain any rural population: Tumbes with 5% rural and Carrie with ½%.<ref name="Div-Polit" />
{{Div col|colwidth=22em}}
* El Portón
* Valdivieso
* Cerro Fuentes
* La Aduana
* Cerro Buenavista
* Tumbes
* [[Quiriquina Island|Isla Quiriquina]]
* San Vicente
* Estadio
* [[Huachipato, Chile|Huachipato]]
* Estadio Higueras
* San Miguel
* El Arenal
* Carriel
* Las Salinas
* Barranquilla
* [[Zunico, Chile|Zunico]]
{{div col end}}

Within the [[electoral divisions of Chile]], Talcahuano is represented in the [[Chamber of Deputies of Chile|Chamber of Deputies]] by Sergio Bobadilla, Félix González, [[Francesca Muñoz]], José Miguel Ortiz, Leonidas Romero, Gastón Saavedra, Jaime Tohá and Enrique van Rysselberghe as part of the 20th electoral district. The commune is represented in the [[Senate of Chile|Senate]] by Alejandro Navarro Brain ([[Broad Social Movement|MAS]]) and Jacqueline Van Rysselberghe Herrera ([[Independent Democratic Union|UDI]]) as part of the 12th senatorial constituency (Biobío-Cordillera).

== Culture ==

===Sports===
Talcahuano entered [[Football (Soccer)|football]] history when [[Ramón Unzaga|Ramón Unzaga Asla]], a player for the local club Estrella del Mar, invented the famous [[bicycle kick]] (also known as "chilena") there in 1914.{{cn|date=May 2021}} The city is home to [[Club Deportivo Huachipato]], a football club in Chile's [[Liga Chilena de Fútbol: Primera División|Primera División]], playing at [[Estadio CAP]].{{cn|date=May 2021}}

The city is also the birthplace of [[Sammis Reyes]], a former [[Chilean men's national basketball]] player who converted to [[American football]]. In 2021 he became the first Chilean to play in the [[National Football League]], an American football league based in the United States.<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Bishop |first1=Greg |title=Sammis Reyes and the Path Never Taken |url=https://www.si.com/nfl/2021/08/04/wft-rookie-sammis-reyes-incredible-path-to-the-nfl-daily-cover |magazine=[[Sports Illustrated]] |access-date=August 8, 2021 |date=August 4, 2021 |archive-date=August 4, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210804145904/https://www.si.com/nfl/2021/08/04/wft-rookie-sammis-reyes-incredible-path-to-the-nfl-daily-cover |url-status=live }}</ref>

==In literature==
It featured prominently in [[Miles Smeeton]]'s book ''Once Is Enough'', a sailor's classic.<ref>''Once Is Enough'', by Miles Smeeton. International Marine Publishing, 2003. {{ISBN|0-07-141431-2}}</ref>

It is mentioned by the character [[Charlie Marlow]] in [[Joseph Conrad]]'s book ''[[Lord Jim]]''.

A chapter of ''[[In Search of the Castaways]]'' by [[Jules Verne]] is set in its bay.

==Notable people==

* [[Francisco Varela]] (1946–2001), biologist and philosopher, was born in Talcahuano.
* [[Juan Onofre Chamorro]] (1885–1941), trade union leader, was born in Talcahuano.

==Climate==

{{Weather box|width=auto
|metric first=y
|single line=y
|collapsed = Y
|location = Talcahuano
|Jan high C = 21.5
|Feb high C = 21.3
|Mar high C = 19.9
|Apr high C = 17.4
|May high C = 14.6
|Jun high C = 12.7
|Jul high C = 12.2
|Aug high C = 13.0
|Sep high C = 14.3
|Oct high C = 15.7
|Nov high C = 17.8
|Dec high C = 20.1
| year high C =
|Jan mean C = 16.5
|Feb mean C = 16.1
|Mar mean C = 14.6
|Apr mean C = 12.8
|May mean C = 11.3
|Jun mean C = 9.8
|Jul mean C = 9.2
|Aug mean C = 9.4
|Sep mean C = 10.3
|Oct mean C = 11.6
|Nov mean C = 13.4
|Dec mean C = 15.4
| year mean C =
|Jan low C = 11.7
|Feb low C = 11.3
|Mar low C = 10.4
|Apr low C = 9.3
|May low C = 8.4
|Jun low C = 6.9
|Jul low C = 6.5
|Aug low C = 6.4
|Sep low C = 7.1
|Oct low C = 7.8
|Nov low C = 9.2
|Dec low C = 10.7
| year low C =
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 17.4
|Feb precipitation mm = 15.7
|Mar precipitation mm = 35.4
|Apr precipitation mm = 73.7
|May precipitation mm = 197.2
|Jun precipitation mm = 220.5
|Jul precipitation mm = 204.5
|Aug precipitation mm = 163.6
|Sep precipitation mm = 90.2
|Oct precipitation mm = 53.9
|Nov precipitation mm = 35.3
|Dec precipitation mm = 24.9
|year precipitation mm =
| Jan humidity = 73
| Feb humidity = 77
| Mar humidity = 80
| Apr humidity = 84
| May humidity = 89
| Jun humidity = 89
| Jul humidity = 89
| Aug humidity = 88
| Sep humidity = 85
| Oct humidity = 83
| Nov humidity = 81
| Dec humidity = 76
| year humidity =
|source 1 = Bioclimatografia de Chile<ref>{{cite web
| first1 = Ernst
| last1 = Hajek
| first2 = Francesco
| url = http://www.ecolyma.cl/documentos/bioclimatografia_de_chile.pdf
| title = Bioclimatografia de Chile
| access-date = 27 May 2024
| last2 = Castri
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20091122225453/http://www.ecolyma.cl/documentos/bioclimatografia_de_chile.pdf
|archive-date = 22 November 2009
| language = es
| year = 1975}}</ref>
}}

{{Weather box|width=auto
|metric first=y
|single line=y
|collapsed = Y
|location = Punta Tumbes
|Jan high C = 18.7
|Feb high C = 18.7
|Mar high C = 17.8
|Apr high C = 16.1
|May high C = 14.6
|Jun high C = 13.2
|Jul high C = 13.0
|Aug high C = 13.1
|Sep high C = 13.9
|Oct high C = 15.0
|Nov high C = 16.1
|Dec high C = 17.7
| year high C =
|Jan mean C = 15.1
|Feb mean C = 15.5
|Mar mean C = 14.2
|Apr mean C = 12.7
|May mean C = 11.6
|Jun mean C = 10.2
|Jul mean C = 9.9
|Aug mean C = 9.7
|Sep mean C = 10.4
|Oct mean C = 11.4
|Nov mean C = 12.7
|Dec mean C = 14.2
| year mean C = 11.5
|Jan low C = 11.5
|Feb low C = 11.5
|Mar low C = 10.8
|Apr low C = 9.8
|May low C = 8.7
|Jun low C = 7.4
|Jul low C = 6.9
|Aug low C = 6.7
|Sep low C = 7.2
|Oct low C = 8.2
|Nov low C = 9.3
|Dec low C = 10.6
| year low C =
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 11.0
|Feb precipitation mm = 9.7
|Mar precipitation mm = 28.7
|Apr precipitation mm = 60.9
|May precipitation mm = 145.5
|Jun precipitation mm = 159.4
|Jul precipitation mm = 147.5
|Aug precipitation mm = 115.2
|Sep precipitation mm = 69.2
|Oct precipitation mm = 34.1
|Nov precipitation mm = 27.8
|Dec precipitation mm = 19.7
|year precipitation mm =
| Jan humidity = 81
| Feb humidity = 83
| Mar humidity = 81
| Apr humidity = 86
| May humidity = 86
| Jun humidity = 87
| Jul humidity = 87
| Aug humidity = 85
| Sep humidity = 84
| Oct humidity = 84
| Nov humidity = 83
| Dec humidity = 83
| year humidity =
|source 1 = Bioclimatografia de Chile<ref>{{cite web
| first1 = Ernst
| last1 = Hajek
| first2 = Francesco
| url = http://www.ecolyma.cl/documentos/bioclimatografia_de_chile.pdf
| title = Bioclimatografia de Chile
| access-date = 27 May 2024
| last2 = Castri
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20091122225453/http://www.ecolyma.cl/documentos/bioclimatografia_de_chile.pdf
|archive-date = 22 November 2009
| language = es
| year = 1975}}</ref>
}}

<gallery mode=packed caption="Some views of Talcahuano" heights=135>
File:Centrotalcahuanopuerto.jpg|Center of Talcahuano
File:Marinalarge.jpg|Casino of Talcahuano
File:Iglesiatalcahuano.jpg|Church of Talcahuano
File:Huascar1.jpg|Monitor ''[[Huáscar (ironclad)|Huáscar]]''
File:Panoramica Talcahuano.jpg|View of Port
</gallery>

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
*http://www.talcahuano.cl
*[https://maps.google.com/maps?q=talcahuano+chile&t=k Satellite view of Talcahuano] (Google Maps)

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Large cities of Chile}}
{{Concepcion}}
{{Communes in Bío-Bío Region}}
{{2010 Chile earthquake}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Communes of Chile]]
[[Category:Fortifications in Chile]]
[[Category:Port settlements in Chile]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1764]]
[[Category:Populated places in Concepción Province]]
[[Category:1764 establishments in the Spanish Empire]]
[[Category:Populated coastal places in Chile]]

Talcahuano - Revision history

imported>Mclay1: /* References */ cleaning up category tree