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Timeline of hypertext technology - Revision history
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imported>Asbjornu: Update timeline description to match the added ancient references
2025-09-29T20:07:20Z
<p>Update timeline description to match the added ancient references</p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>{{short description|None}}<br />
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This article presents a '''[[Chronology|timeline]] of [[hypertext]] technology''', including "[[hypermedia]]" and related human–computer interaction projects and developments from ancient times and up to the present day. The term ''hypertext'' is credited to the author and philosopher [[Ted Nelson]].<br />
<br />
See also [[Graphical user interface]], [[Multimedia]]; also [[Paul Otlet]] and [[Henri La Fontaine]]'s [[Mundaneum]], a massively cross-referenced card index system established in 1910.<br />
<br />
==700 BCE–600 CE==<br />
* 700 BCE–300 CE<br />
** [[Ramayana]]<br />
<br />
* 300 BCE–400 CE<br />
** [[Mahabharata]]<br />
<br />
* 300–600 CE<br />
** [[Talmud]]<br />
<br />
==1930s==<br />
* 1939<br />
** [[James Joyce]]'s "[[Finnegans Wake]]"<br />
<br />
==1940s==<br />
* 1941<br />
** [[Jorge Luis Borges]]' "[[The Garden of Forking Paths]]"<br />
* 1945<br />
** [[Memex]] (concept by [[Vannevar Bush]])<br />
<br />
==1960s==<br />
* 1960<br />
** [[Project Xanadu]] (concept)<br />
* 1962<br />
** [[Marshall McLuhan]]'s ''[[The Gutenberg Galaxy]]'' uses the term ''surfing''<br />
* 1967<br />
** [[Hypertext Editing System]] (HES) by [[Andries van Dam]] and [[Ted Nelson]] at [[Brown University]]<br />
* 1968<br />
** [[File Retrieval and Editing System|FRESS]] (File Retrieval and Editing System, successor to HES)<br />
** [[NLS (computer system)|NLS]] (oN-Line System)<br />
<br />
==1970s==<br />
* 1972<br />
** [[ZOG (hypertext)|ZOG]]<br />
* 1973<br />
** [[Xerox Alto|Xerox Alto desktop]]<br />
* 1976<br />
** [[Problem-Oriented Medical Information System|PROMIS]]<br />
* 1978<br />
** [[Aspen Movie Map]]<br />
* 1979<br />
** [[PERQ]]<br />
<br />
==1980s==<br />
* 1980<br />
** [[ENQUIRE]] (not released)<br />
* 1981<br />
** [[Electronic Document System]] (EDS, aka Document Presentation System)<br />
** [[Wes Kussmaul|Kussmaul Encyclopedia]]<br />
** [[Xerox Star|Xerox Star desktop]]<br />
* 1982<br />
** [[Guide (hypertext)|Guide]]<br />
* 1983<br />
** [[KMS (hypertext)|Knowledge Management System]] (KMS, successor to ZOG)<br />
** [[The Interactive Encyclopedia System|TIES]] (The Interactive Encyclopedia System, later HyperTies)<br />
* 1984<br />
** [[NoteCards]]<br />
* 1985<br />
** [[Intermedia (hypertext)|Intermedia]] (successor to FRESS and EDS)<br />
** [[Symbolics Document Examiner]] (Symbolics [[workstation]]s)<br />
* 1986<br />
** [[Texinfo]]<br />
** [[TEXTNET|TextNet]] (a network-based approach to text handling)<br />
** [[Neptune (hypertext)|Neptune]] (a hypertext system for CAD applications)<br />
* 1987<br />
** [[Adobe Authorware|Macromedia Authorware]]<br />
** [[Canon Cat]] ("Leap" function, interface)<br />
** [[HyperCard]]<br />
** [[Knowledge Navigator]] (concept described by former [[Apple Inc.|Apple Computer]] CEO [[John Sculley]] in his book ''Odyssey'')<br />
** [[Storyspace]]<br />
* 1988<br />
** [[Microcosm (hypermedia system)]] ([[University of Southampton]])<br />
* 1989<br />
** [[Adobe Director|Macromedia Director]]<br />
** [http://www.w3.org/History/1989/proposal.html Information Management: a proposal], [[Tim Berners-Lee]], [[CERN]]<br />
<br />
==1990s==<br />
* 1990<br />
** [[DynaText]]<br />
** [[World Wide Web]]<br />
** ''[[Hyperland]]'' (BBC documentary written by [[Douglas Adams]])<br />
** [[ToolBook]]<br />
** [[HyTelnet]]<br />
** [[WinHelp]]<br />
* 1991<br />
** [[Gopher (protocol)|Gopher]]<br />
** [[AmigaGuide]]<br />
* 1995<br />
** [[Wiki]]<br />
* 1996<br />
** Hyperwire (Kinetix)<br />
* 1998<br />
** [[Everything2]]<br />
** [[XML]]<br />
* 1999<br />
** [[RSS]]<br />
<br />
==2000s==<br />
* 2001<br />
** [[Wikipedia]]<br />
* 2005<br />
** [[Atom (web standard)]]<br />
* 2014<br />
** [[OpenXanadu]], an implementation of Project Xanadu<br />
* 2019<br />
** [[Gemini (protocol)|Gemini]], a lightweight complement to the Web<br />
{{Hypermedia}}<br />
{{Timelines of computing}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Computing timelines|Hypertext]]<br />
[[Category:Hypertext]]<br />
[[Category:History of the Internet|Hypertext]]<br />
<br />
[[es:Hipertexto#Historia]]</div>
imported>Asbjornu