Robert Taylor (American actor)

Template:Short description Template:About Template:Use American English Template:Use mdy dates Template:Infobox person Robert Taylor (born Spangler Arlington Brugh; August 5, 1911 – June 8, 1969) was an American film and television actor and singer who was one of the most popular leading men of his era.

Taylor began his career in films in 1934 when he signed with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. He won his first leading role the following year in Magnificent Obsession. His popularity increased during the late 1930s and 1940s with appearances in Camille (1936), A Yank at Oxford (1938), Waterloo Bridge (1940), and Bataan (1943). During World War II, he served in the United States Naval Air Forces, where he worked as a flight instructor and appeared in instructional films. From 1959 to 1962, he starred in the television series The Detectives Starring Robert Taylor. In 1966, he assumed hosting duties from his friend Ronald Reagan on the series Death Valley Days.

Taylor was married to actress Barbara Stanwyck from 1939 to 1952. He married actress Ursula Thiess in 1954, and they had two children. A chain smoker, Taylor died of lung cancer at the age of 57. Template:TOC limit

Early life

Taylor was born Spangler Arlington Brugh on August 5, 1911, in Filley, Nebraska, the only child of Ruth Adaline (née Stanhope) and Spangler Andrew Brugh, a farmer turned doctor.<ref>Wagner, Laura. "Robert Taylor: Matinee Idol." Template:Webarchive Films of the Golden Age. Retrieved: November 18, 2011.</ref><ref>Wayne 2005, p. 165.</ref> During his early life, the family moved several times, living in Muskogee, Oklahoma; Kirksville, Missouri; and Fremont, Nebraska. By September 1917, the Brughs had moved to Beatrice, Nebraska, where they remained for 16 years.<ref name=nebraska>Kral, E. A. Template:Usurped Nebraska History Quarterly. Vol. 75, 1994, pp. 280–290. Retrieved: November 18, 2011.</ref>

As a teenager, Brugh was a track and field star and played the cello in his high school orchestra. Upon graduation, he enrolled at Doane College in Crete, Nebraska.<ref name="torgerson">Torgerson, Dial. "Hollywood Star Walk: Robert Taylor." Los Angeles Times, June 9, 1969. Retrieved: January 28, 2015.</ref> While at Doane, he took cello lessons from Professor Herbert E. Gray, whom he admired and idolized. After Professor Gray announced he was accepting a new position at Pomona College in Claremont, California, Brugh moved to California and enrolled at Pomona.<ref>Wayne 2005, p. 166.</ref> He joined the campus theater company and also studied with Neely Dickson at the Hollywood Community Theater.<ref name=":0">Template:Cite journal</ref> Recalled Dickson, "I couldn’t help remembering the first time he came to me, a handsome, young college graduate from Pomona. He was raw, but very sincere and wholly unaffected. He stood before me, voice a little tight from nervousness, and read a scene from his favorite play... I was impressed and did all I could for him."<ref name=":0" /> He was eventually spotted by an MGM talent scout in 1932 after a production of Journey's End.

Career

He signed a seven-year contract with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer with an initial salary of $35 per week, which rose to $2500 by 1936.<ref>Hall 1937, p. 42.</ref> The studio changed his name to Robert Taylor.<ref>Wayne 2005, p. 167.</ref> He made his film debut in the 1934 comedy Handy Andy, starring Will Rogers (on loan to Fox Studios).

Robert Taylor, 1934

His first leading role came by accident. In 1934, Taylor was on the MGM payroll as "the test boy," a male juvenile who would be filmed opposite various young ingenues in screen tests. In late 1934, when MGM began production of its new short-subject series Crime Does Not Pay with the dramatic short Buried Loot, the actor who had been cast fell ill and could not appear. The director sent for the test boy to substitute for the missing actor. Taylor's dramatic performance, as an embezzler who deliberately disfigures himself to avoid detection, was so memorable that Taylor immediately was signed for feature films.

In 1935, Irene Dunne requested him for her leading man in Magnificent Obsession. This was followed by Camille opposite Greta Garbo.<ref name="popculture">Griffith, Benjamin. "Robert Taylor." St. James Encyclopedia of Pop Culture. 2002. Retrieved: November 18, 2011.</ref>

Taylor and Jean Harlow, 1937

Lionel Barrymore's 61st birthday in 1939, standing: Mickey Rooney, Robert Montgomery, Clark Gable, Louis B. Mayer, William Powell, Robert Taylor, seated: Norma Shearer, Lionel Barrymore, and Rosalind Russell

Throughout the late 1930s, Taylor appeared in films of varying genres including the musicals Broadway Melody of 1936 and Broadway Melody of 1938, and the British comedy A Yank at Oxford with Vivien Leigh. Throughout 1940 and 1941 he argued in favor of American entry into World War II, and was sharply critical of the isolationist movement. During this time he said he was "100% pro-British".Template:Sfn In 1940, he reteamed with Leigh in Mervyn LeRoy's drama Waterloo Bridge.

After being given the nickname "The Man with the Perfect Profile", Taylor began breaking away from his perfect leading man image and began appearing in darker roles beginning in 1941. That year he played the title role in Billy the Kid, followed by the same the next year in the film noir Johnny Eager with Lana Turner. After playing a tough sergeant in Bataan in 1943, Taylor contributed to the war effort by becoming a flying instructor in the U.S. Naval Air Corps.<ref>"Robert Taylor ends Navy duty". The Free Lance-Star. Fredericksburg, Virginia. Associated Press. November 6, 1945. p. 2. Retrieved January 28, 2015.</ref> During this time, he also starred in instructional films and narrated the 1944 documentary The Fighting Lady.

After the war, he appeared in a series of edgy roles, including the neo-noir Undercurrent (1946) and drama High Wall (1947). In 1949 he co-starred with Elizabeth Taylor in the suspense Conspirator, which Hedda Hopper described as "another one of Taylor's pro-British films". Taylor responded to this by saying "And it won't be the last!"Template:Sfn However, both Hopper and Taylor were members of the anticommunist organization the Motion Picture Alliance for the Preservation of American Ideals, as were Taylor's friends John Wayne, Walt Disney and Gary Cooper. For this reason Hopper always spoke favorably of Taylor, despite him disagreeing with her over what she saw as his "Anglophilia" and what he saw as her "Anglophobia".Template:Sfn In 1950, Taylor landed the role of General Marcus Vinicius in Quo Vadis with Deborah Kerr. The epic film was a hit, grossing US$11 million in its first run.<ref name="popculture" /> The following year, he starred in the film version of Walter Scott's classic Ivanhoe, followed by 1953's Knights of the Round Table and The Adventures of Quentin Durward, all filmed in England. Of the three only Ivanhoe was a critical and financial success. Taylor also filmed Valley of the Kings in Egypt in 1954. Robert Taylor received the 1953 World Film Favorite–Male, award at the Golden Globes (tied with Alan Ladd).Template:Cn

By the mid-1950s, Taylor began to concentrate on westerns, his preferred genre. He starred in a comedy western Many Rivers to Cross in 1955 co-starring Eleanor Parker. Taylor shared the lead with Richard Widmark in the edgy John Sturges western The Law and Jake Wade (1958). Taylor's long tenure at MGM ended in 1959; he was the last remaining major star under contract from the studio's heyday. The studio still held an option for Taylor's services, which it exercised for the western Cattle King, released in 1963.

Taylor formed his own company, Robert Taylor Productions, starring in the television series The Detectives Starring Robert Taylor (1959–1962). Following the end of the series in 1962, Taylor continued to appear in films and television shows, including A House Is Not a Home, and two episodes of Hondo.

In 1964, Taylor co-starred with his former wife Barbara Stanwyck in William Castle's psychological horror film The Night Walker. In 1965, after filming Johnny Tiger in Florida, Taylor took over the role of narrator in the television series Death Valley Days when Ronald Reagan left to pursue a career in politics.<ref>Witbeck, Charles (April 7, 1967). "Taylor sparks 'Death Valley Days'". The Modesto Bee. Retrieved January 23, 2013.</ref> Taylor would remain with the series until his death in 1969.

Taylor traveled to Europe to film Savage Pampas (1966), The Glass Sphinx (1967), and The Day the Hot Line Got Hot (1968).

Personal life

Marriages and children

After dating her for three years, Taylor married Barbara Stanwyck on May 14, 1939, in San Diego, California. Zeppo Marx's wife, Marion, was Stanwyck's matron of honor. Stanwyck's surrogate father—he was her sister Millie's husband—and personal assistant, vaudevillian Buck Mack, was Taylor's best man.<ref>"Barbara Stanwyck weds Robert Taylor on coast". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. United Press. May 15, 1939. p. 1. Retrieved January 28, 2015.</ref> Stanwyck divorced Taylor in February 1951.<ref>"Calm Barbara Stanwyck divorces Robert Taylor". Eugene Register-Guard. United Press. February 21, 1951. p. 1. Retrieved January 28, 2015.</ref> During the marriage, Stanwyck's adopted son from her previous marriage to Frank Fay, Anthony "Tony" Dion, lived with them. After the divorce, Stanwyck retained custody of the child.

Taylor met German actress Ursula Thiess in 1952. They married in Jackson Hole, Wyoming, on May 23, 1954.<ref>"Robert Taylor, Ursula Thiess wed". TimesDaily. Florence, Ala. May 24, 1954. p. 4. Retrieved August 27, 2022.</ref> They had two children, a son, Terrance, (1955) and a daughter, Tessa, (1959). Taylor was stepfather to Thiess' two children from her previous marriage, Manuela and Michael Thiess.<ref>"Boy is born to German actress, Robert Taylor". Sarasota Herald-Tribune. June 19, 1955. p. 14. Retrieved January 28, 2015.</ref><ref>title="Robert Taylor father of girl". Lakeland Ledger. Associated Press. August 17, 1959. p. 6. Retrieved August 27, 2022.</ref> On May 26, 1969, shortly before Taylor's death from lung cancer, Ursula Thiess found the body of her son, Michael, in a West Los Angeles motel room.<ref>"Robert Taylor's stepson dead." The Bulletin. Bend, Oregon. Associated Press. May 28, 1969. p. 7B. Retrieved January 28, 2015.</ref> He had died from a drug overdose. One month before his death, Michael had been released from a mental hospital. In 1964, he spent a year in a reformatory for attempting to poison his biological father with insecticide.<ref>"Actress discovers son dead". The LeaderPost. Regina, Sask. Associated Press. May 28, 1969. p. 6. Retrieved August 27, 2022.</ref><ref>Wayne 2005, p. 192.</ref>

Politics

Robert Taylor in 1957

In February 1944, Taylor helped found the Motion Picture Alliance for the Preservation of American Ideals.<ref>Ross 2002, p. 197.</ref> In October 1947, Taylor was called to testify before the House Committee on Un-American Activities regarding Communism in Hollywood.<ref>Imwold et al. 2005, pp. 188–189.</ref><ref>"Reds are blasted by Robert Taylor." Montreal Gazette. October 23, 1947. p. 2. Retrieved January 28, 2015.</ref> He did this reluctantly, regarding the hearings as a "circus" and refusing to appear unless subpoenaed.<ref>Alexander 2008, pp. 193–235.</ref> In his testimony concerning the Screen Actors Guild (SAG), delivered on October 22, 1947, Taylor stated: "It seems to me that at meetings, especially meetings of the general membership of the Guild, there was always a certain group of actors and actresses whose every action would indicate to me that, if they are not Communists, they are working awfully hard to be Communists."<ref>Slide 1999, p. 1.</ref> Two people already under investigation by the FBI, Karen Morley and Howard Da Silva, were mentioned as troublemakers at SAG meetings. Taylor alleged that at meetings of the SAG, Da Silva "always had something to say at the wrong time." Da Silva was blacklisted on Broadway and New York radio,<ref>Balio 1985, p. 499</ref> and Morley never worked again after her name surfaced at the hearings.<ref>"Karen Morley, 93, blacklisted actress". Sun-Sentinel Ft. Lauderdale, Fla. April 21, 2003. Retrieved August 27, 2022.Template:Subscription required</ref> Taylor went on to declare that he would refuse to work with anyone who was suspected of being a Communist: "I'm afraid it would have to be him or me because life is too short to be around people who annoy me as much as these fellow-travelers and Communists do".<ref>Madsen 2001, p. 250.</ref> Taylor also labeled screenwriter Lester Cole "reputedly a Communist", adding "I would not know personally".<ref>Humphries 2008, p. 83.</ref> After the hearings, Taylor's films were banned in Communist Hungary and in Czechoslovakia, and Communists called for a boycott of his films in France.<ref>Mayhew 2005, p. 90.</ref>

In 1951, Taylor remarked "I speak out against communism now for the same reason I spoke out against Nazism a decade ago, because I am pro-freedom and pro-decency."Template:Sfn He helped narrate the 1952 anticommunist public service documentary The Hoaxters, which compared the threat of international communism in the 1950s to the threat of Nazism in the 1930s and 1940s.<ref>"CNN Cold War": 1998 Turner Original Productions, Inc. The Hoaxters © 1952 Turner Entertainment Co. Castro: In His Own Words © 1998 CNN Productions. Package Design © 2012 Cable News Network, Inc. and Warner Bros. Entertainment Inc. </ref>

Taylor supported Barry Goldwater in the 1964 United States presidential election and Ronald Reagan in the 1966 California gubernatorial election.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Flying

In 1952, Taylor starred in the film Above and Beyond, a biopic of Enola Gay pilot Paul Tibbets.<ref>"Brig-Gen Paul Tibbets". The Daily Telegraph. London. November 2, 2007. Retrieved January 28, 2015.</ref> The two men met and found that they had much in common. Both had considered studying medicine, and were avid skeet-shooters and fliers. Taylor learned to fly in the mid-1930s, and served as a United States Navy flying instructor during World War II. His private aircraft was a Twin Beech called "Missy" (his then-wife Stanwyck's nickname) which he used on hunting and fishing trips and to fly to locations for filming.

Ranch

Taylor owned a 34-room house situated on Template:Convert located in Mandeville Canyon in the Brentwood section of Los Angeles. Dubbed the Robert Taylor Ranch, the property was sold to KROQ-FM owner Ken Roberts in the 1970s. Roberts remodeled the home and put it back on the market in 1990 for $45 million. He later reduced the price to $35 million, but the ranch failed to attract a buyer. In 2010, the ranch was seized by New Stream Capital, a hedge fund, after Roberts failed to repay a high interest loan he had taken from them.<ref name="groves">Groves, Martha (November 12, 2012). "Actor Robert Taylor's former ranch is set to go on auction block". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved January 28, 2015.</ref>

In November 2012, the Robert Taylor Ranch was put up for auction by the trust that owned it. It was purchased for $12 million by a Chicago buyer in December 2012.<ref name="ranch">Groves, Martha (December 3, 2012). "Robert Taylor ranch sells for $12 million to Chicago buyer". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved January 28, 2015.</ref>

Death

In October 1968, Taylor underwent surgery to remove a portion of his right lung after doctors suspected that he had contracted coccidioidomycosis (known as "valley fever"). During the surgery, doctors discovered that he had lung cancer.<ref>"Taylor has cancer". Spartanburg Herald-Journal. December 4, 1968, p. 24. Retrieved January 28, 2015.</ref> Taylor, who had smoked three packs of cigarettes a day since he was a boy, quit smoking shortly before undergoing surgery. During the final months of his life, he was hospitalized seven times due to infections and complications related to the disease. He died of lung cancer on June 8, 1969, at Saint John's Health Center in Santa Monica, California.<ref name="edmonton">"Lung cancer claims life of actor Robert Taylor". Edmonton Journal. June 9, 1969, p.J 9. Retrieved January 28, 2015.</ref><ref>Wayne 2005, p. 191.</ref>

Taylor's funeral was held at Forest Lawn Memorial Park Cemetery, in Glendale, California. Long-time friend Ronald Reagan (who was then the governor of California) eulogized Taylor. Among the mourners were Robert Stack, Van Heflin, Eva Marie Saint, Walter Pidgeon, Keenan Wynn, Mickey Rooney, George Murphy, Audrey Totter and Taylor's former wife Barbara Stanwyck.<ref>"Gov. Reagan hails Taylor at funeral". The Spokesman-Review. Spokane, Washington. June 11, 1969. Associated Press. p. 25. Retrieved August 27, 2022.</ref>

For his contribution to the motion picture industry, Robert Taylor has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 1500 Vine Street.<ref name="torgerson" />

Filmography

Film

Year	Title	Role	Notes
1934	Handy Andy	Lloyd Burmeister
1934	The Spectacle Maker	The Duchess's Paramour	Short subject Uncredited
1934	There's Always Tomorrow	Arthur White	Alternative title: Too Late for Love
1934	A Wicked Woman	Bill Renton—Rosanne's Love
1934	Crime Does Not Pay #1: Buried Loot	Al Douglas	Short subject Uncredited
1935	Society Doctor	Dr. Ellis
1935	Times Square Lady	Steven J. "Steve" Gordon
1935	West Point of the Air	"Jasky" Jaskarelli
1935	Murder in the Fleet	Lt. Randolph
1935	Broadway Melody of 1936	Robert Gordon
1935	La Fiesta de Santa Barbara	Himself	Short subject
1935	Magnificent Obsession	Dr. Robert Merrick
1936	Small Town Girl	Dr. Robert "Bob" Dakin	Alternative title: One Horse Town
1936	Private Number	Richard Winfield
1936	His Brother's Wife	Chris Claybourne
1936	Template:Sortname	"Bow" Timberlake
1936	Camille	Armand Duval
1937	Personal Property	Raymond Dabney aka Ferguson	Alternative title: The Man in Possession
1937	This Is My Affair	Lt. Richard L. Perry
1937	Lest We Forget	Himself	Short subject
1937	Broadway Melody of 1938	Stephan "Steve" Raleigh
1938	Template:Sortname	Lee Sheridan
1938	Three Comrades	Erich Lohkamp
1938	Template:Sortname	Tommy "Killer" McCoy
1939	Stand Up and Fight	Blake Cantrell
1939	Lucky Night	Bill Overton
1939	Lady of the Tropics	William "Bill" Carey
1939	Remember?	Jeffrey "Jeff" Holland
1940	Waterloo Bridge	Roy Cronin
1940	Escape	Mark Preysing	Alternative title: When the Door Opened
1940	Flight Command	Ensign Alan Drake
1941	Billy the Kid	Billy Bonney
1941	When Ladies Meet	Jimmy Lee
1942	Johnny Eager	John "Johnny" Eager
1942	Her Cardboard Lover	Terry Trindale
1942	Stand By for Action	Lieutenant Gregg Masterman	Alternative title: Cargo of Innocents
1943	Bataan	Sergeant Bill Dane
1943	Template:Sortname	Cameo
1944	Song of Russia	John Meredith
1944	The Fighting Lady	Narrator	Credited as Lieut Robert Taylor USNR
1946	Undercurrent	Alan Garroway
1947	High Wall	Steven Kenet
1949	Template:Sortname	Rigby
1949	Conspirator	Major Michael Curragh
1950	Ambush	Ward Kinsman
1950	Devil's Doorway	Lance Poole
1951	Challenge the Wilderness	Himself	Short subject
1951	Quo Vadis	Marcus Vinicius
1951	Westward the Women	Buck Wyatt
1952	Ivanhoe	Sir Wilfred of Ivanhoe
1952	Above and Beyond	Lieutenant Colonel Paul W. Tibbets
1952	The Hoaxters	Narrator
1953	I Love Melvin	Himself
1953	Ride, Vaquero!	Rio
1953	All the Brothers Were Valiant	Joel Shore
1953	Knights of the Round Table	Lancelot
1954	Valley of the Kings	Mark Brandon
1954	Rogue Cop	Det. Sgt. Christopher Kelvaney
1955	Many Rivers to Cross	Bushrod Gentry
1955	Template:Sortname	Quentin Durward
1956	Template:Sortname	Charlie Gilson
1956	D-Day the Sixth of June	Captain Brad Parker
1956	The Power and the Prize	Cliff Barton
1957	Tip on a Dead Jockey	Lloyd Tredman
1958	Template:Sortname	Jake Wade
1958	Saddle the Wind	Steve Sinclair
1958	Party Girl	Thomas "Tommy" Farrell
1959	The Hangman	Mackenzie Bovard
1959	Template:Sortname	Nordley
1960	Killers of Kilimanjaro	Robert Adamson
1963	Miracle of the White Stallions	Colonel Podhajsky	Alternative title: The Flight of the White Stallions
1963	Cattle King	Sam Brassfield	Alternative title: Cattle King of Wyoming
1964	Template:Sortname	Frank Costigan
1964	The Night Walker	Barry Morland
1966	Johnny Tiger	George Dean
1966	Savage Pampas	Captain Martin
1967	The Glass Sphinx	Prof. Karl Nichols
1967	Return of the Gunfighter	Ben Wyatt
1968	Where Angels Go, Trouble Follows	Mr. Farriday – The 'In' Group
1968	The Day the Hot Line Got Hot	Anderson	Alternative title: Hot Line

Television

Year	Title	Role	Notes
1958	The Thin Man	Himself	Episode: "The Scene Stealer"
1959–1962	The Detectives Starring Robert Taylor	Det. Capt. Matt Holbrook	97 episodes
1963	The Dick Powell Show	Guest host	Episode: "Colossus"
1966–1969	Death Valley Days	Host	77 episodes
1967	Hondo	Gallagher	2 episodes

Box-office ranking

• 1936 - 4th (US)
• 1937 - 3rd (US), 8th (UK)
• 1938 - 6th (US), 7th (UK)
• 1939 - 14th (US), 4th (UK)
• 1941 - 21st (US)

Radio appearances

Year	Program	Episode/source
1942	The Screen Guild Theater	My Favorite Wife
1943	Lux Radio Theatre	The Philadelphia Story
1945	Suspense	The Argyle Album
1946	The Screen Guild Theater	Waterloo Bridge
1946	Suspense	The House in Cypress Canyon<ref>"Suspense-- 'The house in Cypress Canyon'(12-5-46)." YouTube. Retrieved November 18, 2015.</ref>
1952	Lux Radio Theatre	Westward the Women<ref>Kirby, Walter (December 28, 1952). "Better radio programs for the week". The Decatur Daily Review. p. 36; via Newspapers.com. Retrieved June 5, 2015.</ref>
1953	Theater of Stars	Mail Order<ref>Kirby, Walter (March 8, 1953). "Better radio programs for the week". The Decatur Daily Review. p. 46; via Newspapers.com. Retrieved June 23, 2015.</ref>

References

Bibliography

• Alexander, Linda J. Reluctant Witness: Robert Taylor, Hollywood and Communism. Twentynine Palms, California: Tease Publishing, 2008. Template:ISBN.
• Balio, Tino. The American Film Industry. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1985. Template:ISBN.
• Hall, Gladys. Robert Taylor's True Life Story. New York: Dell Publishing Co., 1937.
• Humphries, Reynold. Hollywood's Blacklists: A Political and Cultural History. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2008. Template:ISBN.
• Imwold, Denise, Andrew Brettell, Heather von Rohr and Warren Hsu Leonard.Cut!: Hollywood Murders, Accidents, and Other Tragedies. Hauppauge, New York: Barrons Educational Series, 2005. Template:ISBN.
• Madsen, Axel. Stanwyck: A Biography. Lincoln, Nebraska: iUniverse, 2015. Template:ISBN.
• Mayhew, Robert. Ayn Rand and Song of Russia: Communism and Anti-Communism in 1940s Hollywood. Lanham Maryland: Scarecrow Press, 2005. Template:ISBN.
• Quirk, Lawrence J. The Films of Robert Taylor. New York: Lyle Stuart, 1979. Template:ISBN.
• Ross, Steven J. Movies and American Society (Blackwell Readers in American Social and Cultural History). Chichester, West Sussex, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2002. Template:ISBN.
• Slide, Anthony. Actors on Red Alert: Career Interviews with Five Actors and Actresses Affected by the Blacklist. Lanham Maryland: Scarecrow Press, 1999. Template:ISBN.
• Tibbets, Paul W. Mission: Hiroshima. New York: Stein & Day, 1985. Template:ISBN
• Template:Cite book
• Wayne, Jane Ellen. The Leading Men of MGM. New York: Carroll & Graf, 2005. Template:ISBN.
• Wayne, Jane Ellen. The Life of Robert Taylor. New York: Warner Paperback Library, 1973. Template:ISBN.

External links

• Template:AFI person
• Template:IMDb name
• Template:Tcmdb name
• Template:Usurped at the Nebraska State Historical Society
• Photographs of Robert Taylor
• Template:Find a Grave
• Robert Taylor Actor
• Persons of Exceptional Prominence List (Official Military Personnel Files) at the National Archives at St. Louis https://www.archives.gov/st-louis/military-personnel/public