2009

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2009 was designated as the International Year of Astronomy<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> by the United Nations to coincide with the 400th anniversary of Galileo Galilei's first known astronomical studies with a telescope and the publication of Astronomia Nova by Johannes Kepler.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> It was also declared as the International Year of Natural Fibres<ref>Template:UN document</ref> by the United Nations General Assembly, as well as the International Year of Reconciliation and the Year of the Gorilla (UNEP and UNESCO).<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Template:TOC limit

Population

The world population on January 1, 2009, was estimated to be 6.888 billion people and increased to 6.977 billion people by January 1, 2010.Template:Sfn An estimated 143.0 million births and 54.1 million deaths took place in 2009.Template:Sfn The average global life expectancy was 69.7 years, an increase of 0.4 years from 2008.Template:Sfn The estimated number of global refugees decreased from 10.5 million to 10.4 million by the end of the year.Template:Sfn The largest sources of refugees were Afghanistan with 2.9 million people and Iraq with 1.8 million people.Template:Sfn

Conflicts

There were 36 conflicts in 2009 that resulted in at least 25 fatalities, six of which resulted in at least 1,000 fatalities: the Taliban insurgency in Afghanistan, the Iraqi insurgency, the insurgency by the Pakistani Taliban, the conflict against the FDLR in Rwanda, Eelam War IV in Sri Lanka, and the Somali Civil War.Template:Sfn All conflicts in 2009 were intrastate conflicts that involved violent non-state actors.Template:Sfn

Several new conflicts began against rebel groups in 2009. The CPJP reignited conflict in the Central African Bush War, a faction of the NDFB broke a 2004 ceasefire with India in the Bodoland region, and a conflict broke out between Myanmar and the MNDAA when the government forced the MNDAA out of the Kokang. Boko Haram launched an insurgency in Nigeria, which was paused when its leader Mohammed Yusuf was killed.Template:Sfn

Rwanda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) resumed conflict against the FDLR when they launched Operation Umoja Wetu in January. The DRC and a United Nations mission launched Operation Kimia II against the FDLR in March after the group regained its strength. Conflict also resumed in Angola against the Forças Armadas de Cabinda, and al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula formed in Yemen to expand al-Qaeda's insurgency in the country.Template:Sfn

The Ihussi Accord ended conflict between the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the CNDP within the broader Kivu conflict. This was the only peace agreement reached in 2009.Template:Sfn Eelam War IV, the final stage in the Sri Lankan civil war, ended in May when the Sri Lankan government defeated the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam. It remained the deadliest conflict of the year.Template:Sfn

Culture

The highest-grossing film globally in 2009 was Avatar, followed by Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince and Ice Age: Dawn of the Dinosaurs.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The best-selling album globally in 2009 was I Dreamed a Dream by Susan Boyle, followed by The E.N.D. by the Black Eyed Peas and This Is It by Michael Jackson.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Events

January

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February

March

April

May

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June

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  • June 25 – The death of American pop star Michael Jackson triggers an outpouring of worldwide grief. Online, reactions to the event cripple several major websites and services, as the abundance of people accessing the web addresses pushes internet traffic to unprecedented and historic levels.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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July

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August

  • August 1 – Former President of the Philippines Corazon Aquino dies at the age of 76 of cardiopulmonary arrest after complications of colon cancer. A memorial service and funeral is scheduled for August 5. (Philippine Daily Inquirer)
  • August 3 – Bolivia becomes the first South American country to declare the right of indigenous people to govern themselves.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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September

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October

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  • October 22 – Microsoft releases Windows 7 to all computers and laptops, including an edition for ATMs.<ref name="rtm">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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November

|CitationClass=web }}</ref> a position he takes up on December 1, 2009.<ref name="consilium.europa.eu">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>The Treaty of Lisbon entered into force on December 1, 2009, the six-month rotating presidency of the European Council ceased to exist (as the provision for its existence has been erased from the Treaties in force), and the new office of President of the European Council came into being. The appointment of Herman van Rompuy as President of the European Council became effective on the date of the entry into force of the Treaty of Lisbon. Also, article 6 of the Protocol on transitional provisions annexed to the Treaty of Lisbon provided that on the date of the entry into force of the Treaty, the terms of office of the High Representative for the common foreign and security policy and of the Deputy Secretary General of the Council ceased, with the Council electing a Secretary General. register.consilium.europa.eu Template:Webarchive</ref>

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December

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Births and deaths

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Nobel Prizes

The Nobel Prize medallion.
The Nobel Prize medallion.

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New English words

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References

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Bibliography

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