Beach stone-curlew
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The beach stone-curlew (Esacus magnirostris) also known as beach thick-knee is a large, ground-dwelling bird that occurs in Australasia, the islands of South-east Asia. At Template:Convert and Template:Convert, it is one of the world's largest shorebirds.
It is less strictly nocturnal than most stone-curlews, and can sometimes be seen foraging by daylight, moving slowly and deliberately, with occasional short runs. It tends to be wary and fly off into the distance ahead of the observer, employing slow, rather stiff wingbeats..
The beach stone-curlew is classified as Near Threatened on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. In New South Wales it is listed as critically endangered.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Distribution
The beach stone-curlew is a resident of undisturbed open beaches, exposed reefs, mangroves, and tidal sand or mudflats over a large range, including coastal eastern Australia as far south as far eastern Victoria, the northern Australian coast and nearby islands, New Guinea, New Caledonia, Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines. It is uncommon over most of its range, and rare south of Cairns.
Description
The beach stone-curlew is 54-56 cm (21-22 in) long. At a mean of Template:Convert in males and Template:Convert in females, it is the heaviest living member of the Charadriiformes outside of the gull and skua families.<ref name="CRC">CRC Handbook of Avian Body Masses, 2nd Edition by John B. Dunning Jr. (Editor). CRC Press (2008), Template:ISBN.</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> They have black and white face patterning, yellow eyes and a grey-brown upper body.
Ecology
Beach stone-curlew forage on low tide muddy sand for invertebrates, mostly crabs.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref name=":0">Template:Cite web</ref>
Breeding
The breeding season spans from September to November. Birds form a nest in sand, laying one egg per season just above the high tide line on the open beach, where it is vulnerable to predation and human disturbance.<ref name=":1">https://www.lls.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0003/1325298/BeachStoneCurlew-web.pdf Threatened Fauna of the Hunter & Mid Coast</ref> Both parents care for the young until they reach 7-12 months of age.<ref name=":0" /><ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref name=":1" />
Call
As an alarm, the bird will make a chwip-chwip to ward creatures away from their territory.<ref name=":1" />
