List of woods

Template:Short description This is a list of woods, most commonly used in the timber and lumber trade.

Soft woods (coniferous)

• Araucaria
  • Hoop pine (Araucaria cunninghamii)
  • Monkey puzzle tree (Araucaria araucana)
  • Paraná pine (Araucaria angustifolia)
• Cedar (Cedrus)
• Celery-top pine (Phyllocladus aspleniifolius)
• Cypress (Chamaecyparis, Cupressus, Taxodium)
  • Arizona cypress (Cupressus arizonica)
  • Bald cypress, southern cypress (Taxodium distichum)
  • Alerce (Fitzroya cupressoides)
  • Hinoki cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa)
  • Lawson's cypress (Chamaecyparis lawsoniana)
  • Mediterranean cypress (Cupressus sempervirens)
• Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii)
  • Coast Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii)
  • Rocky Mountain Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca)
• European yew (Taxus baccata)
• Fir (Abies)
  • Balsam fir (Abies balsamea)
  • Silver fir (Abies alba)
  • Noble fir (Abies procera)
  • Pacific silver fir (Abies amabilis)
• Hemlock (Tsuga)
  • Eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis)
  • Mountain hemlock (Tsuga mertensiana)
  • Western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla)
• Huon pine, Macquarie pine (Lagarostrobos franklinii)
• Kauri (New Zealand) (Agathis australis)
• Queensland kauri (Australia) (Agathis robusta)
• Japanese nutmeg-yew, kaya (Torreya nucifera)
• Larch (Larix)
  • European larch (Larix decidua)
  • Japanese larch (Larix kaempferi)
  • Tamarack (Larix laricina)
  • Western larch (Larix occidentalis)
• Pine (Pinus)
  • European black pine (Pinus nigra)
  • Jack pine (Pinus banksiana)
  • Lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta)
  • Monterey pine (Pinus radiata)
  • Ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa)
  • Red pine (North America) (Pinus resinosa)
  • Scots pine, red pine (UK) (Pinus sylvestris)
  • White pine
    • Eastern white pine (Pinus strobus)
    • Western white pine (Pinus monticola)
    • Sugar pine (Pinus lambertiana)
  • Southern yellow pine
    • Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda)
    • Longleaf pine (Pinus palustris)
    • Pitch pine (Pinus rigida)
    • Shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata)
• Red cedar
  • Eastern red cedar, (Juniperus virginiana)
  • Western red cedar (Thuja plicata)
• Coast redwood (Sequoia sempervirens)
• Rimu (Dacrydium cupressinum)
• Spruce (Picea)
  • Norway spruce (Picea abies)
  • Black spruce (Picea mariana)
  • Red spruce (Picea rubens)
  • Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis)
  • White spruce (Picea glauca)
• Sugi (Cryptomeria japonica)
• White cedar
  • Northern white cedar (Thuja occidentalis)
  • Atlantic white cedar (Chamaecyparis thyoides)
• Nootka cypress (Cupressus nootkatensis)

Hardwoods (angiosperms)

• Abachi (Triplochiton scleroxylon)
• Acacia (Acacia sp., Robinia pseudoacacia)
• African padauk (Pterocarpus soyauxii)
• Afzelia, doussi (Afzelia africana)
• Agba, tola (Gossweilerodendron balsamiferum)
• Alder (Alnus)
  • Black alder (Alnus glutinosa)
  • Red alder (Alnus rubra)
• Ash (Fraxinus)
  • Black ash (Fraxinus nigra)
  • Blue ash (Fraxinus quadrangulata)
  • Common ash (Fraxinus excelsior)
  • Green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica)
  • Oregon ash (Fraxinus latifolia)<ref name="rsummit">Summit, R. and A. Sliker. 1980. Handbook of Materials Science, Volume IV: Wood. Florida: CRC Press, Inc.</ref>
  • Pumpkin ash (Fraxinus profunda)<ref name="rsummit"/>
  • White ash (Fraxinus americana)
• Aspen (Populus)
  • Bigtooth aspen (Populus gradidentata)
  • European aspen (Populus tremula)
  • Quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides)
• Australian red cedar (Toona ciliata)
• Ayan, movingui (Distemonanthus benthamianus)<ref name=usda>Distemonanthus benthamianus. Template:Webarchive Wood Technical Fact Sheet. Forest Service. USDA.</ref>
• Balsa (Ochroma pyramidale)
• Basswood, linden
  • American basswood (Tilia americana)<ref name="rsummit"/>
  • White basswood (Tilia heterophylla)<ref name="rsummit"/>
  • American beech (Fagus grandifolia)
• Birch (Betula)
  • American birches
    • Gray birch (Betula populifolia)
    • Black birch (Betula nigra)
    • Paper birch (Betula papyrifera)
    • Sweet birch (Betula lenta)
    • Yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis)
  • European birches
    • Silver birch (Betula pendula)
    • Downy birch (Betula pubescens)
• Blackbean (Castanospermum australe)
• Blackwood
  • Australian blackwood (Acacia melanoxylon)
  • African blackwood, mpingo (Dalbergia melanoxylon)
• Bloodwood (Brosimum rubescens)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Boxelder (Acer negundo)
• Boxwood, common box (Buxus sempervirens)
• Brazilian walnut (Ocotea porosa)
• Brazilwood (Caesalpinia echinata)
• Buckeye, Horse-chestnut (Aesculus)
  • Horse-chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum)
  • Ohio buckeye (Aesculus glabra)
  • Yellow buckeye (Aesculus flava)
• Butternut (Juglans cinerea)
• California bay laurel (Umbellularia californica)
• Camphor tree (Cinnamomum camphora)
• Cape chestnut (Calodendrum capense)
• Catalpa, catawba (Catalpa)
• Ceylon satinwood (Chloroxylon swietenia)
• Cherry (Prunus)
  • Black cherry (Prunus serotina)
  • Red cherry (Prunus pensylvanica)
  • Wild cherry (Prunus avium)
• Chestnut (Castanea spp.)
  • Chestnut (Castanea sativa)
  • American Chestnut (Castanea dentata)
• Coachwood (Ceratopetalum apetalum)
• Cocobolo (Dalbergia retusa)
• Corkwood (Leitneria floridana)
• Cottonwood, popular
  • Eastern cottonwood (Populus deltoides)
  • Swamp cottonwood (Populus heterophylla)
• Cucumbertree (Magnolia acuminata)
• Cumaru (Dipteryx spp.)<ref name=INIA>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Dogwood (Cornus spp.)
  • Flowering dogwood (Cornus florida)
  • Pacific dogwood (Cornus nuttallii)
• Ebony (Diospyros)
  • Andaman marblewood (Diospyros kurzii)
  • Ebène marbre (Diospyros melanida)
  • African ebony (Diospyros crassiflora)<ref name=ebony>Diospyros crassiflora. Template:Webarchive Plant Resources of Tropical Africa.</ref>
  • Ceylon ebony (Diospyros ebenum)
  • Rare Brown (Rareay Brownibium)
• Elm
  • American elm (Ulmus americana)
  • English elm (Ulmus procera)
  • Rock elm (Ulmus thomasii)
  • Slippery elm, red elm (Ulmus rubra)
  • Wych elm (Ulmus glabra)
• Eucalyptus
  • Lyptus: Flooded gum (Eucalyptus grandis)
  • White mahogany (Eucalyptus acmenoides)
  • Brown mallet (Eucalyptus astringens)<ref name="farmnote80/99">Template:Cite web</ref>
  • Banglay, southern mahogany (Eucalyptus botryoides)
  • River red gum (Eucalyptus camaldulensis)
  • Karri (Eucalyptus diversicolor)
  • Blue gum (Eucalyptus globulus)
  • Flooded gum, rose gum (Eucalyptus grandis)
  • York gum (Eucalyptus loxophleba)<ref name="farmnote80/99" />
  • Jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata)
  • Tallowwood (Eucalyptus microcorys)
  • Grey ironbark (Eucalyptus paniculata)
  • Blackbutt (Eucalyptus pilularis)
  • Mountain ash (Eucalyptus regnans)
  • Australian oak (Eucalyptus obliqua)
  • Alpine ash (Eucalyptus delegatensis)
  • Red mahogany (Eucalyptus resinifera)
  • Swamp mahogany, swamp messmate (Eucalyptus robusta)
  • Sydney blue gum (Eucalyptus saligna)
  • Mugga, red ironbark (Eucalyptus sideroxylon)
  • Redwood (Eucalyptus transcontinentalis)<ref name="farmnote80/99" />
  • Wandoo (Eucalyptus wandoo)<ref name="farmnote80/99" />
• European crabapple (Malus sylvestris)
• European pear (Pyrus communis)
• Gonçalo alves (Astronium spp.)
• Greenheart (Chlorocardium rodiei)
• Grenadilla, mpingo (Dalbergia melanoxylon)
• Guanandi (Calophyllum brasiliense)
• Gum (Eucalyptus)
• Gumbo limbo (Bursera simaruba)
• Hackberry (Celtis occidentalis)
• Hickory (Carya)
  • Pecan (Carya illinoinensis)
  • Pignut hickory (Carya glabra)
  • Shagbark hickory (Carya ovata)
  • Shellbark hickory (Carya laciniosa)
• Hornbeam (Carpinus spp.)
  • American hophornbeam (Ostrya virginiana)
• Ipê (Handroanthus spp.)
• Iroko, African teak (Milicia excelsa)
• Ironwood
  • Balau (Shorea spp.)
  • American hornbeam (Carpinus caroliniana)
  • Sheoak, Polynesian ironwood (Casuarina equisetifolia)
  • Giant ironwood (Choricarpia subargentea)
  • Diesel tree (Copaifera langsdorffii)
  • Borneo ironwood (Eusideroxylon zwageri)
  • Lignum vitae
    • Guaiacwood (Guaiacum officinale)
    • Holywood (Guaiacum sanctum)
  • Takian (Hopea odorata)
  • Black ironwood (Krugiodendron ferreum)
  • Black ironwood, olive (Olea spp.)
  • Lebombo ironwood Androstachys johnsonii
  • Catalina ironwood (Lyonothamnus floribundus)
  • Ceylon ironwood (Mesua ferrea)
  • Desert ironwood (Olneya tesota)
  • Persian ironwood (Parrotia persica)
  • Brazilian ironwood, pau ferro (Caesalpinia ferrea)
  • Yellow lapacho (Tabebuia serratifolia)
• Jacarandá-boca-de-sapo (Jacaranda brasiliana)
• Jacarandá de Brasil (Dalbergia nigra)
• Jatobá (Hymenaea courbaril)
• Kingwood (Dalbergia cearensis)
• Lacewood
  • Northern silky oak (Cardwellia sublimis)
  • American sycamore (Platanus occidentalis)
  • London plane (Platanus × hispanica)
• Limba (Terminalia superba)
• Locust
  • Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia)
  • Honey locust (Gleditsia triacanthos)
• Mahogany
  • Genuine mahogany (Swietenia)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
    • West Indies mahogany (Swietenia mahagoni)
    • Bigleaf mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla)
    • Pacific Coast mahogany (Swietenia humilis)
  • other mahogany
    • African mahogany (Khaya spp.)
    • Chinese mahogany (Toona sinensis)
    • Australian red cedar, Indian mahogany (Toona ciliata)
    • Philippine mahogany, calantis, kalantis (Toona calantas)
    • Indonesian mahogany, suren (Toona sureni)
    • Sapele (Entandrophragma cylindricum)
    • Sipo, utile (Entandrophragma utile)
    • Tiama, (Entandrophragma angolense)
    • Kosipo, (Entandrophragma candollei)
    • Mountain mahogany, bottle tree (Entandrophragma caudatumi)
    • Indian mahogany, chickrassy, chittagong wood (Chukrasia velutina)
    • Spanish Cedar, cedro, Brazilian mahogany (Cedrela odorata)
    • Light bosse, pink mahogany (Guarea cedrata)
    • Dark bosse, pink Mahogany (Guarea thompsonii)
    • American muskwood (Guarea grandifolia)
    • Carapa, royal mahogany, demerara mahogany, bastard mahogany, andiroba, crabwood (Carapa guianensis)<ref name=carapa>Carapa guianensis. Template:Webarchive World Agroforestry Centre.</ref>
    • Bead-tree, white cedar, Persian lilac (Melia azedarach)
• Maple (Acer)
  • Hard maple
    • Sugar maple (Acer saccharum)
    • Black maple (Acer nigrum)
  • Soft maple
    • Boxelder (Acer negundo)
    • Red maple (Acer rubrum)
    • Silver maple (Acer saccharinum)
  • European maple
    • Sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus)
• Marblewood (Marmaroxylon racemosum)
• Marri, red gum (Corymbia calophylla)
• Meranti (Shorea spp.)
• Merbau, ipil (Intsia bijuga), Kwila
• Mesquite
  • White mesquite (Prosopis alba)
  • Chilean mesquite (Prosopis chilensis)
  • Honey mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa)
  • Black mesquite (Prosopis nigra)
  • Screwbean mesquite (Prosopis pubescens)
  • Velvet mesquite (Prosopis velutina)
• Mopane (Colophospermum mopane)
• Oak (Quercus)
  • White oak
    • White oak (Quercus alba)
    • Bur oak (Quercus macrocarpa)
    • Post oak (Quercus stellata)
    • Swamp white oak (Quercus bicolor)
    • Southern live oak (Quercus virginiana)
    • Swamp chestnut oak (Quercus michauxii)
    • Chestnut oak (Quercus prinus)
    • Chinkapin oak (Quercus muhlenbergii)
    • Canyon live oak (Quercus chrysolepis)
    • Overcup oak (Quercus lyrata)
  • English oak (Quercus robur)
  • Red oak
    • Northern red oak (Quercus rubra)
    • Eastern black oak (Quercus velutina)
    • Laurel oak (Quercus laurifolia)
    • Southern red oak (Quercus falcata)
    • Water oak (Quercus nigra)
    • Willow oak (Quercus phellos)
    • Nuttall's oak (Quercus texana)
• Okoumé (Aucoumea klaineana)
• Olive (Olea europaea)
• Pearl tree (Poliothyrsis sinensis)
• Pink ivory (Berchemia zeyheri)
• Poplar
  • Balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera)
  • Black poplar (Populus nigra)
  • Hybrid black poplar (Populus × canadensis)
• Purpleheart (Peltogyne spp.)
• Queensland maple (Flindersia brayleyana)
• Queensland walnut (Endiandra palmerstonii)
• Ramin (Gonystylus spp.)
• Redheart, chakté-coc (Erythroxylon mexicanum)
• Sal (Shorea robusta)
• Sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua)
• Sandalwood (Santalum spp.)
  • Indian sandalwood (Santalum album)
• Sassafras (Sassafras albidum)
  • Southern sassafras (Atherosperma moschatum)
• Satiné, satinwood (Brosimum rubescens)<ref name=delta>Richter, H. G. and M. J. Dallwitz. 2000 onwards. Brosimum rubescens Taub. Commercial timbers: descriptions, illustrations, identification, and information retrieval. DELTA – DEscription Language for TAxonomy. June 2009.</ref>
• Silky oak (Grevillea robusta)
• Silver wattle (Acacia dealbata)
• Sourwood (Oxydendrum arboreum)
• Spanish-cedar (Cedrela odorata)
• Spanish elm (Cordia alliodora)
• Tamboti (Spirostachys africana)
• Teak (Tectona grandis)
  • Philippine teak (Tectona philippinensis)
• Thailand rosewood (Dalbergia cochinchinensis)
• Tupelo (Nyssa spp.)
  • Black tupelo (Nyssa sylvatica)
  • Tulip tree (Liriodendron tulipifera)
• Turpentine (Syncarpia glomulifera)
• Walnut (Juglans)
  • Eastern black walnut (Juglans nigra)
  • Common walnut (Juglans regia)
• Wenge (Millettia laurentii)
  • Panga-panga (Millettia stuhlmannii)
• Willow (Salix)
  • Black willow (Salix nigra)
  • Cricket-bat willow (Salix alba 'Caerulea')
  • White willow (Salix alba)
  • Weeping willow (Salix babylonica)
• Zingana, African zebrawood (Microberlinia brazzavillensis)

Pseudowoods

Other wood-like materials:

• Bamboo
• Palm tree
  • Coconut timber (Cocos nucifera)
  • Toddy palm timber (Borassus flabellifer)

See also

• Janka hardness test
• List of Indian timber trees

External links

• Global Wood Density Database
• National Hardwood and Lumber Association
• American Hardwood Information Center
• American Hardwood Export Council
• Australian National Association of Forest Industries
• Canadian Wood Group
• FSC Lesser Known Timber Species
• NCSU Inside Wood project
• Reproduction of The American Woods: exhibited by actual specimens and with copious explanatory text by Romeyn B. Hough
• US Forest Products Laboratory, "Characteristics and Availability of Commercially Important Wood" from the Wood Handbook Template:Webarchive PDF 916K
• International Wood Collectors Society
• Xiloteca Manuel Soler (One of the largest private collection of wood samples)
• African Timber Export Statistics