Homer, Alaska
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Homer (Dena'ina: Tuggeght) is a city in Kenai Peninsula Borough in the U.S. state of Alaska. It is Template:Cvt southwest of Anchorage. According to the 2020 census, the population was 5,522,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> up from 5,003 in 2010.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Long known as the "Halibut Fishing Capital of the World", Homer is also nicknamed "the end of the road", and more recently, "the cosmic hamlet by the sea".<ref>36 hours: Homer Alaska New York Times</ref>
Geography
Homer is located at 59°38'35" North, 151°31'33" West (59.643059, −151.525900).<ref name="GR1">Template:Cite web</ref> The only road into Homer is the Sterling Highway.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> The town has a total area of Template:Convert, of which Template:Convert are land and Template:Convert are covered by water.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Homer is on the shore of Kachemak Bay on the southwest side of the Kenai Peninsula. Its distinguishing feature is the Homer Spit, a narrow Template:Convert long gravel bar that extends into the bay, on which is located the Homer Harbor. Much of the coastline, as well as the Homer Spit, sank dramatically during the Good Friday earthquake in March 1964. After the earthquake, very little vegetation was able to survive on the Homer Spit.
Climate
As with much of South-central Alaska, Homer has a moderate subarctic mediterranean climate (Köppen Dsc), which causes its weather to be moderate compared to interior Alaska. Winters are snowy and long, but not particularly cold, considering the latitude, with the average January high only slightly below freezing. The annual snowfall averages Template:Convert per season, falling primarily from November through March, with some accumulation in October and April but rarely in May. Homer receives only about 25 inches of rainfall annually due to the influence of the Chugach Mountains to the southeast, which shelter it from the Gulf of Alaska. As of 2023, Homer falls within USDA Hardiness Zone 6B.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Seven days have a minimum Template:Convert or below annually. The coldest day of the year averaged Template:Convert in the 1991 to 2020 normals, while the warmest night average was at Template:Convert. The coldest daytime maximum on record is Template:Convert on January 28, 1989, while, conversely, the record warm daily minimum is Template:Convert on August 9, 1971, and August 23, 1963.<ref name="NOWData NWS Anchorage, AK (PAFC)"/> Summers are cool due to the marine influence, with Template:Convert maxima or minima remaining at or above Template:Convert being extremely rare. Extreme temperatures have ranged from Template:Convert on January 28–29, 1989, up to Template:Convert on July 10, 1993.<ref name="NOWData NWS Anchorage, AK (PAFC)"/> The coldest has been January 2012 with a mean temperature of Template:Convert, while the warmest month was July 2019 at Template:Convert; the annual mean temperature has ranged from Template:Convert in 1956 to Template:Convert in 2014.<ref name="NOWData NWS Anchorage, AK (PAFC)"/> Template:Clear left Template:Weather box Template:Graph:Weather monthly history
| Coastal temperature data for Homer | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average sea temperature °F (°C) | style="Template:Weather box/colt"|37.6 (3.11) |
style="Template:Weather box/colt"|38.3 (3.50) |
style="Template:Weather box/colt"|37.2 (2.89) |
style="Template:Weather box/colt"|38.8 (3.78) |
style="Template:Weather box/colt"|42.1 (5.61) |
style="Template:Weather box/colt"|46.8 (8.22) |
style="Template:Weather box/colt"|50.4 (10.22) |
style="Template:Weather box/colt"|52.0 (11.11) |
style="Template:Weather box/colt"|51.6 (10.88) |
style="Template:Weather box/colt"|47.7 (8.72) |
style="Template:Weather box/colt"|43.5 (6.39) |
style="Template:Weather box/colt"|41.0 (5.00) |
style="Template:Weather box/colt"|43.9 (6.65) |
| Source 1: Seatemperature.net<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> | |||||||||||||
- Notes
History
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Tiller digs indicate that early Alutiiq people probably camped in the Homer area, although their villages were on the far side of Kachemak Bay.
Coal was discovered in the area in the 1890s. The Cook Inlet Coal Fields Company built a town, dock, coal mine, and railroad at Homer. Coal mining in the area continued until World War II. It is estimated that 400 million tons of coal deposits are still present in the area.Template:Citation needed
Homer was named for Homer Pennock, a goldmining company promoter, who arrived in 1896 on the Homer Spit and built living quarters for his crew of 50 men. However, goldmining was never profitable in the area.
Another earlier settlement, Miller's Landing, was named after a Charles Miller, who homesteaded in the area around 1915. According to local historian Janet Klein, he was an employee of the Alaska Railroad and had wintered company horses on the beach grasses on the Homer Spit. He built a landing site in a small bight in Kachemak Bay, where supply barges from Seldovia could land and offload their cargos.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Miller's landing was legally considered a census-designated place separate from Homer until it was annexed in 2002, but has always been locally considered part of Homer.
Halibut and salmon sport fishing, along with tourism and commercial fishing are the dominant industries. Homer co-hosted the 2006 Arctic Winter Games. The Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge and the Kachemak Bay Research Reserve co-host a visitor center with interpretive displays known as the Alaska Islands and Ocean Visitor Center,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and a cultural and historical museum there is called the Pratt Museum.
Demographics
Template:US Census population Homer first appeared on the 1940 U.S. Census as an unincorporated village. It formally incorporated in 1964.
As of the 2010 United States census, there were 5,003 people, 2,235 households, and 1,296 families residing in the city. The population density was Template:Convert. There were 2,692 housing units at an average density of Template:Convert. The racial makeup of the city was 89.3% White, 4.1% American Indian and Alaska Native, 1.0% Asian, 0.4% African American, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 0.6% from other races, and 4.5% from two or more races. Hispanics and Latinos of any race were 2.1% of the population.<ref name=Census2010>Template:Cite web</ref>
There were 2,235 households, of which 27.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.3% were married couples living together, 9.3% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.3% had a male householder with no wife present, and 42.0% were non-families. 33.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.21, and the average family size was 2.83.<ref name=Census2010/>
The median age in the city was 44.0 years. 21.9% of residents were under the age of 18; 6.9% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 22.2% were from 25 to 44; 34.5% were from 45 to 64; and 14.5% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 49.5% male and 50.5% female.<ref name=Census2010/>
The median income for a household was $52,057, and the median income for a family was $68,455. Males had a median income of $41,581 versus $37,679 for females. The per capita income for the city was $32,035. About 3.8% of families and 7.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.2% of those under age 18 and 1.4% of those age 65 or over.<ref name=Census2010/>
Education
Schools and library
The Kenai Peninsula Borough School District provides primary and secondary education to the community of Homer. These schools are:
- Homer High School (9–12)
- Homer Flex High School (9–12)
- Homer Middle School (7–8)
- West Homer Elementary (3–6)
- Paul Banks Elementary (K–2)
- McNeil Canyon Elementary (K–6)
- Fireweed Academy (K–6)
- Connections Homeschool Program (K–12)
The Kachemak Bay Campus of Kenai Peninsula College provides post-secondary education, as well as ESL and GED training to the community of Homer.
The Homer Public Library has enthusiastic support from the Friends of the Homer Library, established in 1948, which raised funds and support for a new library building, opened on September 16, 2006.Template:Citation needed
Science education
Because of the city of Homer's location on the Kenai Peninsula and its abundance of natural resources and marine habitats, there are many public education programs focused on the environment. Some of these educational endeavors include the Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge Visitor Center (also known as the Alaska Island and Ocean Center) and the Center for Alaskan Coastal Studies.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Both organizations encourage science education and sponsor many events aimed to teach people of all ages about the ecosystem and conservation. Some of these events include the Kachemak Crane Watch and the Kachemak Bay Science Conference, both sponsored by the Center for Alaskan Coastal Studies.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Kachemak Bay Shorebird Festival
Homer hosts the Kachemak Bay Shorebird festival, which was established in 1993 by a group of Homer residents who wished to educate the public about shorebirds and the wetlands the birds inhabit.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Today, the festival is sponsored by Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge and the Friends of Alaska National Wildlife Refuges. The festival is held annually in early May when more than 13,000 shorebirds from 25 different species visit the Kachemak Bay area during spring migration.<ref name=":0">Template:Cite web</ref> Tourists and Alaskans alike attend the festival and are encouraged to watch the shorebird migration through a variety of land and boat tours in collaboration with the festival.
Some birds seen during the spring migration and the festival include horned puffins, sandhill cranes, and arctic terns.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Arctic Terns are famous for flying the longest distance of any migrating bird.<ref>Fijn, R.C.; Hiemstra, D.; Phillips, R.A.; van der Winden, J. (2013). "Arctic Terns Sterna paradisaea from the Netherlands migrate record distances across three oceans to Wilkes Land, East Antarctica". Ardea. 101: 3–12. doi:10.5253/078.101.0102. S2CID 84699518.</ref> Many of the birds seen during the festival can be identified with the help of published guides that categorize distinguishable features such as, topography, silhouette, size, and color.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The festival also includes the Shorebirds Sing: Bird Call Contest, where contestants compete to mimic the calls of various bird species.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
In 2020, the festival was held entirely virtually due to the COVID-19 pandemic and all presentations, speeches, and events were conducted online.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The 2021 festival was held both in person and virtually, with events taking place online and face-to-face.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Template:Clear left
Media
Homer has one newspaper, the Homer News, a weekly founded in 1964. It has been owned by Carpenter Media Group since 2024.
Homer has a number of radio stations including commercial stations KWVV-FM at 103.5 FM, KGTL at 620 AM, and public radio KBBI at 890 AM.
Homer receives 7 analog television stations:<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Because the stations are rebroadcast into Homer using repeaters, their channel numbers are not the same in Homer and they were not required to participate in the transition to digital television.
- KTUU-TV Channel 2 – NBC
- KTBY Channel 4 – Fox
- KAKM Channel 7 – PBS
- KAUU Channel 9 – MyNetworkTV
- KTVA Channel 11 – CBS
- KYUR Channel 13 – ABC
Transportation
Homer is the southernmost town on the contiguous Alaska highway system. It is also part of the Alaska Marine Highway (the Alaskan ferry system). The Homer Airport lies near the coast as well, with local air taxis and regular scheduled commercial flights to Anchorage. Homer erected its first traffic light in 2005.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
The United States Coast Guard stations one Island Class cutter in Homer.<ref name=Homer2015-06-04> Template:Cite news </ref><ref name=Cgn2012-10-25>Template:Cite news</ref> From 1992 to 2015, the cutter Roanoke Island was assigned to Homer, and was replaced by the cutter Sapelo. Sapelo is scheduled to be replaced by a more modern Sentinel-class cutter.Template:When
Government
Homer uses a city council consisting of seven members. The current mayor is Rachel Lord.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Notable people
- Tom Bodett (born 1955), spokesperson, known for the Motel 6 "We'll leave the light on for you" advertisements; and writer, known for the whimsical book about Homer, As Far as You Can go Without a Passport
- Lincoln Brewster (born 1971), Christian worship musician
- Kristen Faulkner (born 1992), professional cyclist, and two-time gold medalist in the 2024 Paris Olympics
- Hazel P. Heath (1909–1998), businesswoman; mayor of Homer, 1968–1976
- Jewel (Jewel Kilcher) (born 1974), singer/songwriter
- Jean Keene (1923–2009), the "Eagle Lady" of Homer, known for her decades-long history of feeding bald eagles on Homer Spit
- Andre Marrou (born 1938), was a resident of Homer when he was elected as a Libertarian member to the Alaska House of Representatives in 1984
- Shannyn Moore (born 1970), political writer based in Alaska
- Tela O'Donnell (born 1982), Olympic wrestler
- Ambrose Olsen (1984–2010), male fashion model
- Dana Stabenow (born 1952 Anchorage Alaska), American author
Sister city
- Template:Flagicon Teshio, Japan, since 1984<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
See also
References
External links
- Template:Commons category-inline
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- Template:Official website
- Homer Chamber of Commerce Webpage