Écublens, Vaud
{{#invoke:Other uses|otherX|places with the same name}} Template:Infobox Swiss town
Écublens ({{#invoke:IPA|main}}) is a municipality in Switzerland in the canton of Vaud, located in the district of Ouest Lausannois. It is a suburb of Lausanne and is served by the Lausanne metro line 1 and several bus lines. The nearest train station is Renens.
History
A Hallstatt era grave was discovered in Dorigny. Three Bronze Age graves were found in Valeyre and several La Tène culture graves have been found in Bassenges and Valeyre. A motte (a raised earthen, fortified hill) of an unknown age is found at a place in the municipality which is known as Chateau-de-la-Motte. A connection between the motte and nearby Roman era artifacts has not been established.<ref name=HDS/>
Écublens is first mentioned around 958-59 as in villa Escublens. In 964 it was mentioned as Scubilingis<ref name=HDS/> in a document recording the property of the cathedral of Lausanne. This document mentions that Scubilingis is situated near Renens.
In the 10th century Écublens was part of the territory of Renens. Under Bernese rule it was part of the bailiwick of Lausanne and was administered by that court. In 1156, a chapel was built in Écublens which was under the authority of the Priory of Saint-Sulpice. In 1228 the parish church of St. Peter is first mentioned. By 1453 the parish church was again under the authority of the church of Saint-Sulpice.<ref name=HDS/>
On 9 May 1476, Charles the Bold, the Duke of Burgundy, gathered his army in Écublens after his defeat at the Battle of Grandson, in preparation for the Battle of Morat. The area was under the Bernese Occupation from 1536 until 1798, when French troops arrived. On 12 May 1800, Napoleon inspected two divisions of his troops in Écublens on his way to the Great St Bernard Pass during his Italian campaign of 1800.
After the Protestant Reformation included the parish of Écublens was created, which included Saint-Sulpice and the village of Chavannes. They remained part of the parish until 1966.
In 1803 it was made the district capital. In 1909 the General Council was replaced by a local council.
During World War II a small aerodrome was operated in Écublens. As part of the nation's planning for post-war development of aviation, Lausanne planned to expand this facility into one of five regional airports forming a second-tier of airports in the country. This development would permit the disposal of the nearby Blécherett Aerodrome as that location was deemed to be unfeasible for expansion.<ref name="fae">Template:Cite journal</ref> This plan was not fulfilled, and the Écublens aerodrome fell into disuse. There was an effort in the 1950s to revive the plan and build an 1100 m runway along with facilities for regional and air taxi operations as the Lausanne-Ecublens Regional Airport (Template:Langx). A two-stage proposal foresaw paving at least one of the smaller grass surface runways as well to support recreational and executive use, but ultimately this plan as well was shelved.<ref>Template:Citation</ref>
Strong growth in the agricultural industry in the 1960s fueled to a population explosion mostly through immigration. In addition, the municipality grew due to the influx of several large companies: in 1959, Socsil AG, in 1962, Socorex Isba AG, in 1964 Nokia-Maillefer Sapal AG, in 1970, ARL AG (Laboratory), in 1972, Leduc-Thévenaz Sirec AG and in 1979 the administration of Migros Vaud.<ref name=HDS/>
In the vicinity of the castle built by Etienne de Loys in 1770, the University of Lausanne built the Cantonal and University Library in 1970. In 1977, this was followed by the {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}. Together they now occupy a fifth of the municipal area.<ref name=HDS/>
Geography
Écublens has an area, Template:As of, of Template:Convert. Of this area, Template:Convert or 27.3% is used for agricultural purposes, while Template:Convert or 11.6% is forested. Of the rest of the land, Template:Convert or 59.5% is settled (buildings or roads), Template:Convert or 0.7% is either rivers or lakes and Template:Convert or 0.5% is unproductive land.<ref name=BFS_land>Swiss Federal Statistical Office-Land Use Statistics 2009 data Template:In lang accessed 25 March 2010.</ref>
Of the built up area, industrial buildings made up 9.5% of the total area while housing and buildings made up 27.8% and transportation infrastructure made up 16.6%. Power and water infrastructure as well as other special developed areas made up 1.2% of the area while parks, green belts and sports fields made up 4.4%. Out of the forested land, all of the forested land area is covered with heavy forests. Of the agricultural land, 22.8% is used for growing crops and 2.3% is pastures, while 2.3% is used for orchards or vine crops. All the water in the municipality is flowing water.<ref name=BFS_land/>
The municipality was part of the Morges District until it was dissolved on 31 August 2006, and Écublens became part of the new district of Ouest Lausannois.<ref name=Mutation>Nomenklaturen – Amtliches Gemeindeverzeichnis der Schweiz Template:In lang accessed 4 April 2011.</ref>
The municipality includes the village of Le Motty, which is the administrative and religious center of the municipality, the rural village of Renges, and the hamlets of Bassenges, Villars, Epenex and Dorigny. Écublens is located on a moraine. Three rivers run through the municipality: the Venoge, Sorge and Chamberonne. Écublens contains the campuses of the University of Lausanne (since 1970) and the {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} (since 1978).
Coat of arms
The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Per pale Azure and Gules, a bend Or overall.<ref>Flags of the World.com accessed 23 June 2011.</ref>
Demographics
Écublens has a population (Template:As of) of Template:Swiss populations.Template:Swiss populations ref Template:As of, 43.3% of the population are resident foreign nationals.<ref name=HDS_superweb>Swiss Federal Statistical Office - Superweb database - Gemeinde Statistics 1981-2008 Template:In lang accessed 19 June 2010.</ref> Over the last 10 years (1999–2009 ) the population has changed at a rate of 13.1%. It has changed at a rate of 7.8% due to migration and at a rate of 6.1% due to births and deaths.<ref name=SFSO>Swiss Federal Statistical Office accessed 23 June 2011.</ref>
Most of the population (Template:As of) speaks French (7,825 or 76.5%), with Italian being second most common (667 or 6.5%) and German being third (467 or 4.6%). There are 4 people who speak Romansh.<ref name=STAT2000/>
Of the population in the municipality 1,718 or about 16.8% were born in Écublens and lived there in 2000. There were 2,916 or 28.5% who were born in the same canton, while 1,626 or 15.9% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 3,686 or 36.0% were born outside of Switzerland.<ref name=STAT2000/>
In Template:As of there were 67 live births to Swiss citizens and 72 births to non-Swiss citizens, and in same time span there were 56 deaths of Swiss citizens and 8 non-Swiss citizen deaths. Ignoring immigration and emigration, the population of Swiss citizens increased by 11 while the foreign population increased by 64. There was 1 Swiss man who immigrated back to Switzerland and 4 Swiss women who emigrated from Switzerland. At the same time, there were 135 non-Swiss men and 110 non-Swiss women who immigrated from another country to Switzerland. The total Swiss population change in 2008 (from all sources, including moves across municipal borders) was an increase of 168 and the non-Swiss population increased by 81 people. This represents a population growth rate of 2.4%.<ref name=HDS_superweb/>
The age distribution, Template:As of, in Écublens is; 1,168 children or 10.7% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old and 1,235 teenagers or 11.3% are between 10 and 19. Of the adult population, 1,720 people or 15.8% of the population are between 20 and 29 years old. 1,700 people or 15.6% are between 30 and 39, 1,647 people or 15.1% are between 40 and 49, and 1,417 people or 13.0% are between 50 and 59. The senior population distribution is 1,073 people or 9.8% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 599 people or 5.5% are between 70 and 79, there are 281 people or 2.6% who are between 80 and 89, and there are 69 people or 0.6% who are 90 and older.<ref name=Vaud_Pop_Stats>Canton of Vaud Statistical Office Template:In lang accessed 29 April 2011.</ref>
Template:As of, there were 4,387 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 4,740 married individuals, 463 widows or widowers and 637 individuals who are divorced.<ref name=STAT2000>STAT-TAB Datenwürfel für Thema 40.3 - 2000 Template:In lang accessed 2 February 2011.</ref>
Template:As of, there were 4,439 private households in the municipality, and an average of 2.2 persons per household.<ref name=SFSO/> There were 1,676 households that consist of only one person and 191 households with five or more people. Out of a total of 4,527 households that answered this question, 37.0% were households made up of just one person and there were 18 adults who lived with their parents. Of the rest of the households, there are 1,066 married couples without children, 1,353 married couples with children There were 244 single parents with a child or children. There were 82 households that were made up of unrelated people and 88 households that were made up of some sort of institution or another collective housing.<ref name=STAT2000/>
Template:As of there were 363 single family homes (or 44.4% of the total) out of a total of 818 inhabited buildings. There were 298 multi-family buildings (36.4%), along with 104 multi-purpose buildings that were mostly used for housing (12.7%) and 53 other use buildings (commercial or industrial) that also had some housing (6.5%). Of the single family homes 44 were built before 1919, while 55 were built between 1990 and 2000. The greatest number of single family homes (74) were built between 1946 and 1960. The most multi-family homes (67) were built between 1961 and 1970 and the next most (62) were built between 1971 and 1980. There were 5 multi-family houses built between 1996 and 2000.<ref name=Housing>Swiss Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB - Datenwürfel für Thema 09.2 - Gebäude und Wohnungen Template:In lang accessed 28 January 2011.</ref>
Template:As of there were 4,830 apartments in the municipality. The most common apartment size was 3 rooms of which there were 1,752. There were 524 single room apartments and 421 apartments with five or more rooms. Of these apartments, a total of 4,251 apartments (88.0% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 449 apartments (9.3%) were seasonally occupied and 130 apartments (2.7%) were empty.<ref name=Housing/> Template:As of, the construction rate of new housing units was 9.1 new units per 1000 residents.<ref name=SFSO/> The vacancy rate for the municipality, Template:As of, was 0.11%.<ref name=SFSO/>
The historical population is given in the following chart:<ref name=HDS>Template:HDS</ref><ref>Swiss Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB Bevölkerungsentwicklung nach Region, 1850-2000 Template:In lang accessed 29 January 2011.</ref> <timeline> Colors=
id:lightgrey value:gray(0.9) id:darkgrey value:gray(0.8)
ImageSize = width:1140 height:210 PlotArea = height:150 left:100 bottom:50 right:100 AlignBars = justify DateFormat = x.y Period = from:0 till:11000 TimeAxis = orientation:vertical AlignBars = justify ScaleMajor = gridcolor:darkgrey increment:2000 start:0 ScaleMinor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:400 start:0 PlotData=
color:yellowgreen width:40 mark:(line,white) align:center bar:1416 from:start till:152 bar:1416 at:162 fontsize:S text: "38 Hearths" shift:(8,5) bar:1764 from:start till:268 text:"268" bar:1798 from:start till:413 text:"413" bar:1850 from:start till:613 text:"613" bar:1860 from:start till:604 text:"604" bar:1870 from:start till:630 text:"630" bar:1880 from:start till:642 text:"642" bar:1888 from:start till:646 text:"646" bar:1900 from:start till:777 text:"777" bar:1910 from:start till:972 text:"972" bar:1920 from:start till:1007 text:"1,007" bar:1930 from:start till:1013 text:"1,013" bar:1941 from:start till:1075 text:"1,075" bar:1950 from:start till:1269 text:"1,269" bar:1960 from:start till:2240 text:"2,240" bar:1970 from:start till:6379 text:"6,379" bar:1980 from:start till:7615 text:"7,615" bar:1990 from:start till:9743 text:"9,743" bar:2000 from:start till:10227 text:"10,227"
</timeline>
Heritage sites of national significance
The Archives of Modern Construction at the {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} (EPFL), the Cantonal and University Library of Lausanne and University of Lausanne manuscripts department and the Jean Monnet Foundation for Europe are listed as Swiss heritage site of national significance.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Politics
In the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the SVP which received 24.95% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the SP (24.61%), the Green Party (14.18%) and the FDP (11.25%). In the federal election, a total of 1,956 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 40.4%.<ref>Swiss Federal Statistical Office, Nationalratswahlen 2007: Stärke der Parteien und Wahlbeteiligung, nach Gemeinden/Bezirk/Canton Template:In lang accessed 28 May 2010.</ref>
Economy
Template:As of, Écublens had an unemployment rate of 5%. Template:As of, there were 22 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 8 businesses involved in this sector. 2,734 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 143 businesses in this sector. 9,226 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 373 businesses in this sector.<ref name=SFSO/> There were 5,381 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 42.8% of the workforce.
Template:As of the total number of full-time equivalent jobs was 10,353. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 14, of which 13 were in agriculture and 1 was in forestry or lumber production. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 2,617 of which 2,033 or (77.7%) were in manufacturing and 478 (18.3%) were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 7,722. In the tertiary sector; 984 or 12.7% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 173 or 2.2% were in the movement and storage of goods, 248 or 3.2% were in a hotel or restaurant, 180 or 2.3% were in the information industry, 226 or 2.9% were the insurance or financial industry, 944 or 12.2% were technical professionals or scientists, 4,100 or 53.1% were in education and 391 or 5.1% were in health care.<ref>Swiss Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB Betriebszählung: Arbeitsstätten nach Gemeinde und NOGA 2008 (Abschnitte), Sektoren 1-3 Template:In lang accessed 28 January 2011.</ref>
Template:As of, there were 5,896 workers who commuted into the municipality and 4,007 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net importer of workers, with about 1.5 workers entering the municipality for every one leaving. About 1.7% of the workforce coming into Écublens are coming from outside Switzerland, while 0.0% of the locals commute out of Switzerland for work.<ref name=commuter>Swiss Federal Statistical Office - Statweb Template:In lang accessed 24 June 2010.</ref> Of the working population, 23% used public transportation to get to work, and 57.9% used a private car.<ref name=SFSO/>
The {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} (EPFL) and its Swiss Tech Convention Center are located in Écublens.
Religion
From the Template:As of, 4,308 or 42.1% were Roman Catholic, while 2,946 or 28.8% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church. Of the rest of the population, there were 284 members of an Orthodox church (or about 2.78% of the population), there were 7 individuals (or about 0.07% of the population) who belonged to the Christian Catholic Church, and there were 429 individuals (or about 4.19% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There were 8 individuals (or about 0.08% of the population) who were Jewish, and 544 (or about 5.32% of the population) who were Islamic. There were 41 individuals who were Buddhist, 19 individuals who were Hindu and 20 individuals who belonged to another church. 1,323 (or about 12.94% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 507 individuals (or about 4.96% of the population) did not answer the question.<ref name=STAT2000/>
Education
In Écublens about 3,597 or (35.2%) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 1,294 or (12.7%) have completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule). Of the 1,294 who completed tertiary schooling, 42.5% were Swiss men, 21.8% were Swiss women, 22.8% were non-Swiss men and 12.9% were non-Swiss women.<ref name=STAT2000/>
In the 2009/2010 school year there were a total of 1,204 students in the Écublens school district. In the Vaud cantonal school system, two years of non-obligatory pre-school are provided by the political districts.<ref>Organigramme de l'école vaudoise, année scolaire 2009-2010 Template:In lang accessed 2 May 2011.</ref> During the school year, the political district provided pre-school care for a total of 803 children of which 502 children (62.5%) received subsidized pre-school care. The canton's primary school program requires students to attend for four years. There were 625 students in the municipal primary school program. The obligatory lower secondary school program lasts for six years and there were 548 students in those schools. There were also 31 students who were home schooled or attended another non-traditional school.<ref name=Vaud_Education>Canton of Vaud Statistical Office - Scol. obligatoire/filières de transition Template:In lang accessed 2 May 2011.</ref>
Template:As of, there were 1,901 students in Écublens who came from another municipality, while 762 residents attended schools outside the municipality.<ref name=commuter/>
Notable people
Well-known citizens of Écublens include Treytorrens de Loys, who commanded a division during the First World War, and François De Loys.
During his exile in Switzerland, Lenin stayed briefly in Écublens several times.
See also
References
External links
Template:Municipalities of the district of Ouest Lausannois Template:Authority control