Łeba
Template:Infobox settlement Łeba (Template:IPA, Template:Langx; Template:Langx) is a seaside town in the Pomeranian Voivodeship of northern Poland.Template:TERYT It is located in the region of Gdańsk Pomerania (Pomerelia), near Łebsko Lake and the mouth of the river Łeba on the Slovincian Coast of the Baltic Sea.
History
The Pomerelian settlement of Łeba was first mentioned in a 1282 document of Mestwin II, Duke of Pomerania.<ref name=leba>Template:Cite web</ref> At that time the village was located about two kilometers (Template:Convert) west from the present mouth of the Łeba River. The church of St. Nicholas was mentioned in 1296.<ref name=leba/> Łeba was part of fragmented Poland until 1309, when it was annexed by the Teutonic Order after their takeover of Gdańsk.<ref name=leba/> Łeba received municipal rights by the State of the Teutonic Order in 1357. Located at the Łebsko Lake at the Baltic Sea, it developed to a fishing port and a wood marketplace.
In 1440, the town joined the Prussian Confederation, which opposed Teutonic rule,<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> and upon the request of which King Casimir IV Jagiellon reincorporated the territory to the Kingdom of Poland in 1454.<ref>Górski, p. 54</ref> With Lauenburg (Lębork) Land it became a Polish fief during the Thirteen Years' War in 1455, held by the Dukes of Pomerania.
Old Łeba was threatened for many centuries by floods and expanding sand dunes and therefore was rebuilt in a safer location after 1558. The town was reintegrated with the Polish Crown after the death of the last Pomeranian duke Bogislaw XIV as part of the Pomeranian Voivodeship, until King John II Casimir Vasa enfeoffed Elector Frederick William I of Brandenburg-Prussia with Lauenburg Land by the 1657 Treaty of Bydgoszcz.
With the First Partition of Poland in 1772, Łeba was incorporated into Prussia. Soon after a large port was built on instruction of the Prussian king, whereby a Template:Convert broad channel between the Leba lake and the Baltic Sea was dug, which however did not weather the storms on the coast. Due to its picturesque setting, the Leba seaside after World War I became a popular resort for German bohémiens. The painter Max Pechstein and other expressionists frequented the place.
In the proximity of Leba there is a large former testing area for long-range rocket weapons operated by the Rheinmetall company. On the Leba spit the German long-range rocket Rheinbote was tested between 1941 and 1945. Also the V-1 flying bomb was tested there from 1943 to 1945. Between 1963 and 1973 33 Meteor sounding rockets were launched from Łeba.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
In March 1945, shortly before the end of World War II, the region was occupied by the Red Army. Following the Potsdam Conference, after the end of the war the town became again part of Poland. Stalin forced the Polish People's Republic into the Eastern Bloc. In 1989, the iron curtain fell and the Third Polish Republic was founded.
Landmarks
There is an abundance of architectural and natural attractions near Łeba, above all the Słowiński National Park with its moving sand dunes, about Template:Convert west of the city. Further objects of interest include:
- Ruins of the St. Nicholas church west of the city
- Fishermen's church of 1683 with a painting by Max Pechstein
- Fishermen's dwellings from the 19th century in Kościuszki street
- 19th century casino on Nadmorska street, today the Hotel Neptun
- Former rocket test site near Pletka<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Dinosaur park<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> south of the city
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Yacht port in Łeba -
Beachgoers on the white sand dunes of Łeba -
Nadmorska, one of the main tourist streets in Łeba, facing west -
Port of Łeba
Climate
Łeba has an oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification: Cfb).<ref name="kottek2006">Template:Cite journal</ref><ref name=Peel>Template:Cite journal</ref>
Demographics
Since the medieval Christianization of the region, the local population was Catholic. After the Reformation, the inhabitants of the town were predominantly Protestants and the area was subjected to Germanisation. Since the end of World War II the population is predominantly composed of Polish Roman Catholics.
| Year | Inhabitants | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| 1782 | 503 | no Jews.<ref name="GK">Kratz (1865), p. 254 (in German)</ref> |
| 1784 | 497<ref>Ludwig Wilhelm Brüggemann (Hrsg.): Ausführliche Beschreibung des gegenwärtigen Zustandes des Königlich-Preußischen Herzogtums Vor- und Hinterpommern. Part II, vol. 2, Stettin 1784, p. 1044 (in German).</ref> | |
| 1794 | 526 | no Jews.<ref name="GK"/> |
| 1812 | 707 | incl. four Catholics and 16 Jews.<ref name="GK"/> |
| 1816 | 639 | incl. two Catholics and 12 Jews.<ref name="GK"/> |
| 1831 | 806 | incl. seven Catholics and two Jews.<ref name="GK"/> |
| 1843 | 948 | incl. four Catholics and two Jews.<ref name="GK"/> |
| 1852 | 1,093 | incl. seven Catholics and eight Jews.<ref name="GK"/><ref>Topographisch-statistisches Handbuch des preußischen Staats (Kraatz, Hrsg.). Berlin 1856, p. 340 (in German).</ref> |
| 1861 | 1,236 | incl. seven Catholics, eight Jews and one German Catholic.<ref name="GK"/> |
| 1900 | 1,966<ref>Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon. 6th edition, vol. 12, Bibliographisches Institut, Leipzig and Vienna 1908, p. 277 (in German).</ref> | |
| 1925 | 2,330<ref>Der Große Brockhaus. 15th edition, vol. 11, Leipzig 1932, p. 203 (in German).</ref> | |
| 1939 | 2,846<REF NAME=HINZ>Johannes Hinz: Pommern. Wegweiser durch ein unvergessenes Land. Flechsig-Buchvertrieb, Würzburg 2002, Template:ISBN, p. 211 (in German).</ref> | |
| 1978 | 3,649<REF NAME=HINZ/> |
See also
Famous people
- Klaus Weiher, a noble of the Weyher family
- Martin Weiher (1512–1556) (de) Lutheran bishop of Cammin
International relations
Łeba is twinned with:
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References
External links
Template:Wikivoyage Template:Commons category
Template:Lębork County Template:Polish coast Template:Authority control