Środa Wielkopolska
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}}Template:Main other{{#ifexpr:{{#invoke:ParameterCount|main|mapframe|image_map|image_map1|pushpin_map}} >2 |Template:Main other}} Środa Wielkopolska ({{#invoke:IPA|main}}; until 1968 Środa)<ref name=nazwa>Template:Cite Polish law</ref> is a town in western-central Poland, situated in the Greater Poland Voivodeship, about Template:Convert southeast of Poznań,Template:TERYT with 22,001 inhabitants (2009). It is the seat of Środa Wielkopolska County, and of Gmina Środa Wielkopolska (a district within the county).
History
A stronghold existed at the site in the Middle Ages.<ref name=sw>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The oldest known mention of Środa dates back to 1228.<ref name=sw/> Środa was probably granted town rights in 1261.<ref name=sw/> It was a royal town of the Kingdom of Poland, administratively located in the Kalisz Voivodeship in the Greater Poland Province. In 1402–1413 Polish King Władysław II Jagiełło built a Gothic castle in Środa.<ref name=sw/> In the 15th century Środa was one of the largest towns in Greater Poland, trade and crafts developed, and from 1454 the sejmiks (regional parliaments) of both the Kalisz and Poznań voivodeships were held in the town.<ref name=sw/>
In the Second Partition of Poland in 1793 the town was annexed by Prussia. After the successful Greater Poland uprising of 1806, it was regained by Poles and became part of the short-lived Duchy of Warsaw. After the duchy's dissolution in 1815, it was annexed by Prussia for the second time, and from 1871 it also was part of Germany. It was an important center of Polish resistance, and during the Greater Poland uprising (1848) the largest insurgent camp was established there, led by Template:Interlanguage link.<ref name=sw/> The town was restored to Poland in 1919, after Poland regained independence after World War I. According to the 1921 census, the town had a population of 7,231, 96.6% Polish and 3.2% German by nationality.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
During World War II Środa was under German occupation from September 1939 to January 1945.<ref name=sw/> Poles were subjected to mass arrests, expulsions and massacres. The Einsatzgruppe VI entered the town after September 12, 1939.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> A prison for Poles was established in the town.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> On September 17, 1939, the Gestapo murdered 21 Poles from Środa in the neighbouring village of Kijewo, and on October 20, 1939, Germans carried out a public execution of 29 Poles, including teachers, merchants, engineers, lawyers, landowners, and post and bank employees, at the market square.<ref name=sw/><ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Leonard Cybichowski, principal of the local agricultural school, was one of Polish school principals and teachers murdered in the Dachau concentration camp.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> In 1939, Germans expelled families of Poles who were either murdered in the massacres or deported to Nazi concentration camps as part of the Intelligenzaktion.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> In 1940, Germans expelled the owners of shops, workshops and bigger houses, which were then handed over to German colonists as part of the Lebensraum policy.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Further expulsions were carried out in February 1941.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> In 1940 the local parish church was closed down.<ref name=sw/>
In 1968 the town's name was changed to Środa Wielkopolska by adding the adjective Wielkopolska after the region of Greater Poland, within which it is located, to distinguish it from the town of Środa Śląska in Lower Silesia.<ref name=nazwa/><ref name=sw/> From 1975 to 1998 Środa was administratively part of the former Poznań Voivodeship. In 2017 and 2018 town limits were extended by including parts of the neighbouring village of Kijewo.<ref>Template:Cite Polish law</ref><ref>Template:Cite Polish law</ref>
Transport
Środa lies on the main railway line from Poznań to Katowice (via Jarocin). There is also a steam railway which runs to Zaniemyśl, Template:Convert to the southeast.<ref>Środa District Railway - additional information</ref>
Notable people born or raised in Środa Wielkopolska
- Monika Buczkowska (born 1992), operatic soprano
- Arthur Greiser (1897–1946), German Nazi SS officer executed for war crimes
- Klaus von Klitzing (born 1941), German physicist, winner of the 1985 Nobel Prize in Physics
- Franz Mertens (1840–1927), Polish-Austrian mathematician
- Rafał Wieruszewski (born 1981), Polish sprinter who specializes in the 400 metres.
International relations
Twin towns — Sister cities
Środa Wielkopolska is twinned with:
- Template:Flagicon Hoyerswerda, Germany
- Template:Flagicon Prostějov, Czech Republic
- Template:Flagicon Vitré, Ille-et-Vilaine, France
References
External links
Template:Środa Wielkopolska County Template:Gmina Środa Wielkopolska Template:Authority control