1.25-meter band

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Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates The 1.25-meter, 220 MHz or 222 MHz band is a portion of the VHF radio spectrum internationally allocated for amateur radio use on a primary basis in ITU Region 2, and it comprises frequencies from 220 MHz to 225 MHz.<ref name=FCCTable/> In the United States and Canada, the band is available on a primary basis from 222 to 225 MHz, with the addition of 219 to 220 MHz on a limited, secondary basis.<ref name=FCCTable/><ref name="US Amateur Radio Frequency Allocations"/><ref name=ICTable/> It is not available for use in ITU Region 1 (except in Somalia<ref name=SomaliaBands/>) or ITU Region 3.<ref name=FCCTable/> The license privileges of amateur radio operators include the use of frequencies within this band, which is primarily used for local communications. In the U.S. and Canada, the 1.25-meter band calling frequencies are 223.500 MHz for FM simplex and 222.100 MHz for SSB/CW.

History

Template:More citations needed section The 1.25-meter band has a very long and colorful history, dating back to before World War II.

Pre-Cairo Conference

Some experimental amateur use in the U.S. was known to occur on the "Template:Frac-meter band" as early as 1933, with reliable communications achieved in fall of 1934.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

The Cairo Conference

In 1938, the FCC gave U.S. amateurs privileges in two VHF bands: 2.5 meters (112 MHz) and 1.25 meters (224 MHz).<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> Both bands (as well as 70 centimeters) were natural harmonics of the 5-meter band. Amateur privileges in the 2.5-meter band were later moved to 144–148 MHz (becoming the modern-day 2-meter band), and the old frequencies were reassigned to aircraft communication during World War II. At that time, the 1.25-meter band expanded to a 5 MHz bandwidth, spanning 220–225 MHz.

The VHF/UHF explosion

Amateur use of VHF and UHF allocations exploded in the late 1960s and early 1970s as repeaters started going on the air. Repeater use sparked a huge interest in the 2-meter and 70-centimeter (420–450 MHz) bands; however, this interest never fully found its way into the 1.25-meter band. Many amateurs attribute this to the abundance of commercial radio equipment designed for 136–174 MHz and 450–512 MHz that amateurs could easily modify for use on the 2-meter and 70-centimeter bands. There were no commercial frequency allocations near the 1.25-meter band, and little commercial radio equipment was available. This meant that amateurs who wanted to experiment with the 1.25-meter band had to build their own equipment or purchase one of the few radios available from specialized amateur radio equipment manufacturers. Many of the repeaters which have been constructed for 1.25-meter operation have been based on converted land-mobile base station hardware,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> often extensively modifying equipment originally designed for other VHF bands.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

U.S. Novice licensees get privileges

By the 1980s, amateur use of 2-meter and 70-centimeter bands was at an all-time high while activity on 1.25 meters remained stagnant.Template:Citation needed In an attempt to increase use on the band, many amateurs called for holders of Novice-class licenses (the entry-level class at that time) to be given voice privileges on the band. In 1987, the FCC modified the Novice license to allow voice privileges on portions of the 1.25-meter and 23-centimeter (1.24–1.30 GHz) bands. In response, some of the bigger amateur radio equipment manufacturers started producing equipment for 1.25 meters. However, it never sold well, and by the early 1990s, most manufacturers had stopped producing equipment for the band.Template:Citation needed

U.S. reallocation

In 1973, the FCC considered Docket Number 19759, which was a proposal to establish a Class E Citizen's band service at 224 MHz. The proposal was opposed by the ARRL and after the explosive growth of 27 MHz Citizen's Band usage, the FCC dropped consideration of the docket in 1977.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

In the late 1980s, United Parcel Service (UPS) began lobbying the FCC to reallocate part of the 1.25-meter band to the Land Mobile Service. UPS had publicized plans to use the band to develop a narrow-bandwidth wireless voice and data network using a mode called ACSSB (amplitude-companded single sideband). UPS's main argument for the reallocation was that amateur use of the band was very sparse and that the public interest would be better served by reallocating part of the band to a service that would put it to good use.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>

In 1988, over the objections of the amateur radio community, the FCC adopted the 220 MHz Allocation Order, which reallocated 220–222 MHz to private and federal government land-mobile use while leaving 222–225 MHz exclusively for amateur use.Template:Citation needed The reallocation proceeding took so long, however, that UPS eventually pursued other means of meeting its communications needs. UPS entered into agreements with GTE, McCall, Southwestern Bell, and Pac-Tel to use cellular telephone frequencies to build a wireless data network.Template:Citation needed With the 220–222 MHz band then left unused, the FCC issued parts of the band to other private commercial interests via a lottery in hopes that it would spark development of super-narrowband technologies, which would help them gain acceptance in the marketplace.Template:Citation needed In the 1990s and into the 2000s paging companies made use of the 1.25-meter band. Most all such use ended by the mid-2000s, with the paging companies being purchased by others and services moved to newer systems, or having gone out of business.Template:Citation needed

Canadian reallocation

Until January 2006,<ref name=IC-reallocates-220to222/> Canadian amateur radio operators were allowed to operate within the entire 220–225 MHz band. Canadian operations within 120 km of the United States border were required to observe a number of restrictions on antenna height and power levels to coordinate use with non-amateur services in the United States.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

In 2005, Industry Canada decided to reallocate 220–222 MHz to land mobile users, similar to the US, but unlike in the US, a provision was included to allow the amateur service, in exceptional circumstances, to use the band in disaster relief efforts on a secondary basis. In addition, the band 219–220 MHz was allocated to the amateur service on a secondary basis. Both of these reallocations went into effect January 2006.<ref name=ICTable/><ref name=IC-reallocates-220to222/>

Band use

Canadian band plan

Band plan
License class 219–220 220–222 222.00–222.05 222.05–222.10 222.10–222.275 222.275–222.3 222.31–223.37 223.39–223.49 223.49–223.59 223.59–223.89 223.91–225
Basic(+), Advanced
Key for the band plan
= Available on a secondary basis to other users.<ref name=ICTable/><ref name=IC-reallocates-220to222/>
= Available only to assist with disaster relief efforts.<ref name=ICTable/><ref name=IC-reallocates-220to222/>
= Reserved for EME (Moon bounce)
= Continuous wave (CW), 222.1 calling freq.
= SSB, 222.2 calling freq.
= Propagation beacons
= FM repeaters (input −1.6 MHz)
= High-speed data
= FM simplex

Scope of operation in North America

Today, the 1.25-meter band is used by many amateurs who have an interest in the VHF spectrum.

There are pockets of widespread use across the United States, mainly in New England and western states such as California and Arizona with more sporadic activity elsewhere. The number of repeaters on the 1.25-meter band has grown over the years to approximately 1,500 nationwide as of 2004.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

The attention that band received in the late 1980s and early 1990s due to the reallocation of its bottom 2 MHz sparked renewed amateur interest. Many amateurs feared that lack of 1.25-meter activity would lead to reallocation of the remaining 3 MHz to other services.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Today, new handheld and mobile equipment is being produced by amateur radio manufacturers, and it is estimated that more amateurs have 1.25-meter equipment now than at any point in the past.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Auxiliary stations

An auxiliary station, most often used for repeater control or link purposes or to remotely control another station, is limited in the United States to operation on frequencies above 144.5 MHz<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> excluding 144.0–144.5 MHz, 145.8–146.0 MHz, 219–220 MHz, 222.00–222.15 MHz, 431–433 MHz, and 435–438 MHz. Operation of such control links in the crowded 2-meter band is problematic<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and on many frequencies in that band expressly prohibited, leaving 1.25-meter band frequencies as the lowest available for remote control of repeaters and unattended stations.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

List of transceivers

File:KG-935H.jpg
Wouxun KG-935H tri-band handheld transceiver

Template:Main Since the band is allocated mostly in ITU Region 2 (Somalia, in Region 1, being the only exception thus far), the major equipment manufacturers (Kenwood, Yaesu, and Icom) do not often offer transceiver models that cover the frequency range. (see Template:Section link). This exacerbates the lack of usage of the 1.25-meter band, though manufacturers argue that what equipment they have produced has not sold well compared to other products.Template:Citation needed

In the late 1970's Yaesu introduced the FT-127 single band 220 MHz base station and the FT-109RH portable radio. In 1987 they introduced the FT-33, single band 220 MHz version of the popular FT-23 portable radio.Template:Fact

In the 1980s, ICOM offered the IC-37A - a 220 MHz, 25-watt FM transceiver.

Kenwood, Yaesu, Wouxun, and Baofeng include the 1.25-meter band in some of their multiband handheld transceivers.

Elecraft offers an all-mode (CW, FM, SSB) transverter for the band<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> compatible with its K2 and K3 transceivers.



Handheld transceivers
Manufacturer Model Year released Availability Transmit bands Stated max transmit power on 1.25m band
Baofeng UV-82X 2013 Template:No 2 - 1.25m, 2m Unknown
Baofeng UV-5RIII 2021 Template:Yes 3 - 1.25m, 2m, 70cm Unknown
Baofeng BF-F8HP PRO 2024 Template:Yes 3 - 1.25m, 2m, 70cm 5 watts
BTech UV-5X3 2016 Template:Yes 3 - 1.25m, 2m, 70cm 4 watts
Kenwood TH-F6A 2004 Template:No 3 - 1.25m, 2m, 70cm Unknown
Kenwood TH-D74A 2016 Template:No 3 - 1.25m, 2m, 70cm 5 watts
Kenwood TH-D75A 2024 Template:Yes 3 - 1.25m, 2m, 70cm 5 watts
Yaesu VX-6R 2005 Template:Yes 3 - 1.25m, 2m, 70cm 4 watts
Yaesu VX-7R 2002 Template:No 4 - 1.25m, 2m, 6m, 70cm 0.3 watts
Yaesu VX-8R 2008 Template:No 4 - 1.25m, 2m, 6m, 70cm Unknown
Wouxun KG-UVD1P 2009 Template:No 3 - 1.25m, 2m, 70cm Unknown
Wouxun KG-UV7D 2019 Template:Yes 2 - 1.25m, 2m 5 watts
Wouxun KG-Q10H 2023 Template:Yes 4 - 1.25m, 2m, 6m, 70cm 1.5 watts
Wouxun KG-935H 2025 Template:Yes 3 - 1.25m, 2m, 70cm 5 watts


Base/mobile transceivers
Manufacturer Model Year released Availability Transmit bands Stated max transmit power on 1.25m band
Alinco DR-235T 2000 Template:No 1 - 1.25m Unknown
Anytone AT-5888UV-III 2013 Template:Yes 3 - 1.25m, 2m, 70cm 25 watts
Anytone AT-D578UVIII-Plus 2022 Template:Yes 3 - 1.25m, 2m, 70cm 5 watts
BTech UV-2501-220 2016 Template:No 1 - 1.25m Unknown
BTech UV-25X4 2017 Template:Yes 3 - 1.25m, 2m, 70cm 20 watts
BTech UV-50X3 2019 Template:Yes 3 - 1.25m, 2m, 70cm 5 watts
Jetstream JT220M 2009 Template:No 1 - 1.25m Unknown
Kenwood TM-D750A 2025 Template:Maybe 3 - 1.25m, 2m, 70cm Unknown
TYT TH-9000 220-260MHz 2011 Template:No 1 - 1.25m 55 watts
Wouxun KG-B55 Tri band 2016 Template:No 3 - 1.25m, 2m, 70cm Unknown
Wouxun KG-XS20H 2025 Template:Yes 3 - 1.25m, 2m, 70cm 10 watts

Countries with known allocations

ITU Region 1

  • Somalia (220–225 MHz)<ref name=SomaliaBands/>

ITU Region 2

References

Template:Reflist

Template:AmateurRadioBands-VHFUHF

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