1742 in science

The year 1742 in science and technology involved some significant events.

Astronomy

• January 14 – Death of Edmond Halley; James Bradley succeeds him as Astronomer Royal in Great Britain.

Mathematics

• June – Christian Goldbach produces Goldbach's conjecture.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• Colin Maclaurin publishes his Treatise on Fluxions in Great Britain, the first systematic exposition of Newton's methods.

Metrology

• Anders Celsius publishes his proposal for a centigrade temperature scale originated in 1741.<ref>Celsius, Anders (1742). "Observationer om twänne beständiga grader på en thermometer" (Observations about two stable degrees on a thermometer). Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar (Proceedings of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences) 3:171-180 and [1].</ref>

Physiology and medicine

• Surgeon Joseph Hurlock publishes his A Practical Treatise upon Dentition, or The breeding of teeth in children in London, the first treatise in English on dentition.

Technology

• Benjamin Robins publishes his New Principles of Gunnery, containing the determination of the force of gun-powder and an investigation of the difference in the resisting power of the air to swift and slow motions in London, containing a description of his ballistic pendulum and the results of his scientific experiments into improvements in ballistics.<ref>Template:Cite EB1911</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• The first large (12 ft focal length) reflecting telescope is made, in Gregorian form, by James Short, for use by Charles Spencer, 3rd Duke of Marlborough, in London.<ref>Museum of the History of Science, Oxford, inventory 98721 (exhibit label noted 2012).</ref>

Awards

• Copley Medal: Christopher Middleton.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Births

• March 15 (bapt.) – John Stackhouse, English botanist (died 1819).
• May 18 – Lionel Lukin, English inventor (died 1834).
• December 3 – James Rennell, English geographer, historian and oceanographer (died 1830).
• December 9 – Carl Wilhelm Scheele, Swedish chemist (died 1786).
• December 26 – Ignaz von Born, Hungarian metallurgist (died 1791).

Deaths

• January 14 – Edmond Halley, English astronomer, geophysicist, mathematician, meteorologist, and physicist (born 1656).
• February 28 – Willem 's Gravesande, Dutch polymath (born 1688).
• May 13 – Nicolas Andry, French physician (born 1658).
• September 22 – Frederic Louis Norden, Danish explorer (born 1708).