1832 United Kingdom general election

Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates Template:Use British English Template:Infobox election Template:UK general election navigation The 1832 United Kingdom general election was held on 8 December 1832 to 8 January 1833. The first election to be held in the newly-reformed House of Commons, the Whigs under Earl Grey won a landslide victory with a majority of 224 seats.

Earl Grey, Prime Minister since November 1830, led the first predominantly Whig administration since 1806–07, supported by Radicals and allied politicians, though no formal Liberal Party existed yet. Viscount Althorp led the House of Commons and served as Chancellor of the Exchequer. The Tories, led by the Duke of Wellington and Sir Robert Peel, had not fully adopted the Conservative label. In Ireland, Daniel O'Connell's Irish Repeal Association campaigned for the repeal of the Act of Union, presenting independent candidates.

The election took place from December 1832 to January 1833, with polling staggered across constituencies. The Whigs won an overall majority of 224 seats, 67%, the Tories 27%, and the Repeal Association 6%. The Whigs won 67% of the vote, the Tories 29%, and the Repeal Association 4%. The results varied by region, with the Whigs dominant in Great Britain, but facing stronger Tory opposition in Wales and Ireland.

This was the last election before the Tories formally reconstituted themselves into the Conservatives, and the last time until 1906 that they won fewer than 200 seats.

Political situation

The Earl Grey had been prime minister since November 1830. He headed the first predominantly Whig administration since the Ministry of All the Talents in 1806–07.

In addition to the Whigs themselves, Grey was supported by Radical and other allied politicians. The Whigs and their allies were gradually coming to be referred to as liberals, but no formal Liberal Party had been established at the time of this election, so all the politicians supporting the ministry are referred to as Whig in the above results.

The Leader of the House of Commons since 1830 was Viscount Althorp (heir of the Earl Spencer), who also served as Chancellor of the Exchequer.

The last Tory prime minister, at the time of this election, was the Duke of Wellington. After leaving government office, Wellington continued to lead the Tory peers and was the overall Leader of the Opposition.

The Tory Leader of the Opposition in the House of Commons was Sir Robert Peel, Bt.

John Wilson Croker had used the term "conservative" in 1830, but the Tories at the time of this election had not yet become generally known as the Conservative Party. This distinction would finally take hold after the Liberal Party was officially created.

In Irish politics, Daniel O'Connell was continuing his campaign for repeal of the Act of Union. He had founded the Irish Repeal Association and it presented candidates independent of the two principal parties.

Dates of election

Following the passage of the Reform Act 1832 and related legislation to reform the electoral system and redistribute constituencies, the tenth United Kingdom Parliament was dissolved on 3 December 1832. The new Parliament was summoned to meet on 29 January 1833, for a maximum seven-year term from that date. The maximum term could be and normally was curtailed, by the monarch dissolving the Parliament, before its term expired.

At this period there was not one election day. After receiving a writ (a royal command) for the election to be held, the local returning officer fixed the election timetable for the particular constituency or constituencies he was concerned with. Polling in seats with contested elections could continue for many days.

The general election took place between December 1832 and January 1833. The first nomination was on 8 December, with the first contest on 10 December and the last contest on 8 January 1833. It was usual for polling in the university constituencies and in Orkney and Shetland to take place about a week after other seats. Disregarding contests in the Universities and Orkney and Shetland, the last poll was on 1 January 1833.

Summary of the constituencies

For the distribution of constituencies in the unreformed House of Commons, before this election, see the 1831 United Kingdom general election. Apart from the disenfranchisement of Grampound for corruption in 1821 and the transfer of its two seats as additional members for Yorkshire from 1826, there had been no change in the constituencies of England since the 1670s. In some cases the county and borough seats had remained unaltered since the 13th century. Welsh constituencies had been unchanged since the 16th century. Those in Scotland had remained the same since 1708 and in Ireland since 1801.

In 1832 politicians were facing an unfamiliar electoral map, as well as an electorate including those qualified under a new uniform householder franchise in the boroughs. However the reform legislation had not removed all the anomalies in the electoral system.

Table of largest and smallest electorates 1832–33, by country, type and number of seats

Country	Type	Seats	Largest constituency	Largest electorate	Smallest constituency	Smallest electorate
England	Borough	1	Salford	1,497	Reigate	153
		2	Westminster	11,576	Thetford	146
		4	City of London	18,584	Template:Sdash	Template:Sdash
	County	1	Isle of Wight	1,167	Template:Sdash	Template:Sdash
		2	West Riding of Yorkshire	18,056	Rutland	1,296
		3	Cambridgeshire	6,435	Oxfordshire	4,721
	University	2	Oxford University	2,496	Cambridge University	2,319
Wales	Borough	1	Flint Boroughs	1,359	Brecon	242
	County	1	Pembrokeshire	3,700	Merionethshire	580
		2	Carmarthenshire	3,887	Denbighshire	3,401
Scotland	Burgh	1	Aberdeen	2,024	Wigtown Burghs	316
		2	Glasgow	6,989	Edinburgh	6,048
	County	1	Perthshire	3,180	Sutherland	84
Ireland	Borough	1	Carrickfergus	1,024	Lisburn	91
		2	Dublin	7,008	Waterford	1,241
	County	2	County Cork	3,835	County Kildare	1,112
	University	2	Dublin University	2,073	Template:Sdash	Template:Sdash

Monmouthshire (1 County constituency with 2 MPs and one single member Borough constituency) is included in Wales in these tables. Sources for this period may include the county in England.

Table 1: Constituencies and MPs, by type and country Template:Mw-datatable

Country	BC	CC	UC	Total C	BMP	CMP	UMP	Total MPs
Template:Flag	186	68	2	256	322	142	4	468
Template:Flag	15	13	0	28	15	17	0	32
Template:Flag	21	30	0	51	23	30	0	53
Template:Noflag	33	32	1	66	39	64	2	105
Template:Noflag	255	143	3	401	399	253	6	658

Table 2: Number of seats per constituency, by type and country

Country	BCx1	BCx2	BCx4	CCx1	CCx2	CCx3	UCx2	Total C
Template:Flag	52	133	1	1	60	7	2	256
Template:Flag	15	0	0	9	4	0	0	28
Template:Flag	19	2	0	30	0	0	0	51
Template:Noflag	27	6	0	0	32	0	1	66
Template:Noflag	113	141	1	40	96	7	3	401

Results

Template:Election summary begin with candidates Template:Election summary party with candidates Template:Election summary party with candidates Template:Election summary party with candidates |}

Party		Candidates	Unopposed	Seats
Template:Party name with colour	636	109	441
Template:Party name with colour	350	66	175
Template:Party name with colour	51	14	42
Total		1,037	189	658

Regional results

Great Britain

Party		Seats	Seats change	Votes	%	% change
Template:Party name with colour	408		525,706	71.1
Template:Party name with colour	147		213,254	28.9
Total		555		738,960	100

England

Party		Seats	Seats change	Votes	%	% change
Template:Party name with colour	347		474,542	70.8
Template:Party name with colour	117		193,442	29.2
Total		464		667,984	100

Scotland

Party		Seats	Seats change	Votes	%	% change
Template:Party name with colour	43		44,003	79.0
Template:Party name with colour	10		9,752	21.0
Total		53		53,755	100

Wales

Party		Seats	Seats change	Votes	%	% change
Template:Party name with colour	18		6,348	46.6
Template:Party name with colour	14		7,466	53.4
Total		32		13,814	100

Ireland

Party		Seats	Seats change	Votes	%	% change
Template:Party name with colour	42		31,773	34.6
Template:Party name with colour	33		29,013	33.3
Template:Party name with colour	28		28,030	32.1
Total		103		88,816	100

Universities

Party		Seats	Seats change	Votes	%	% change
Template:Party name with colour	6		2,594	76.2
Template:Party name with colour	0		813	23.8
Total		6		3,407	100

See also

• List of United Kingdom general elections
• List of MPs elected in the 1832 United Kingdom general election
• The House of Commons, 1833, painting by George Hayter

References

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External links

• Spartacus: Political Parties and Election Results