1875 in Canada

Events from the year 1875 in Canada.

Incumbents

Crown

• Monarch – Victoria<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Federal government

• Governor General – Frederick Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood
• Prime Minister – Alexander Mackenzie
• Chief Justice – William Buell Richards (Ontario) (from 30 September 1875)
• Parliament – 3rd

Provincial governments

Lieutenant governors

• Lieutenant Governor of British Columbia – Joseph Trutch
• Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba – Alexander Morris
• Lieutenant Governor of New Brunswick – Samuel Leonard Tilley
• Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia – Adams George Archibald
• Lieutenant Governor of Ontario – John Willoughby Crawford (until May 13) then Donald Alexander Macdonald (from May 18)
• Lieutenant Governor of Prince Edward Island – Robert Hodgson
• Lieutenant Governor of Quebec – René-Édouard Caron

Premiers

• Premier of British Columbia – George Anthony Walkem
• Premier of Manitoba – Robert Atkinson Davis
• Premier of New Brunswick – George Edwin King
• Premier of Nova Scotia – William Annand (until May 8) then Philip Carteret Hill (from May 11)
• Premier of Ontario – Oliver Mowat
• Premier of Prince Edward Island – Lemuel Cambridge Owen
• Premier of Quebec – Charles Boucher de Boucherville

Territorial governments

Lieutenant governors

• Lieutenant Governor of the Northwest Territories – Alexander Morris

Events

• January 14 – The Halifax Herald is first published.
• January 18 – 1875 Ontario election: Sir Oliver Mowat's Liberals win a second consecutive majority.
• March 1 – The Hospital for Sick Children (Toronto) is founded.
• April 5 – The Supreme Court of Canada is created.
• April 8 – The Northwest Territories is given a lieutenant-governor separate from that of Manitoba.
• May 11 – Philip Carteret Hill becomes premier of Nova Scotia, replacing William Annand.
• June 1 – Construction begins on the Canadian Pacific Railway.
• June 30 – The Land Purchase Act comes into effect in Prince Edward Island in order to address the "land question", one of the issues that had prompted the colony to join Confederation.
• July 7 – 1875 Quebec election: Charles-Eugène Boucher de Boucherville's Conservatives win a third consecutive majority.
• July 20 – 1875 British Columbia election.
• September 2 – The Guibord Affair, violence resulting from the 1874 Guibord case, breaks out.

Full date unknown

• Convent Scandal: During the winter in Montreal, typhoid fever strikes at a convent school. The corpses of the victims are filched by body-snatchers before relatives arrive from America, causing much furor.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Eventually the Anatomy Act of Quebec is changed over it.<ref>History of Medicine Days Template:Webarchive, p. 132.</ref>
• Louis Riel is granted amnesty with the condition that he be banished for five years.
• Jennifer Trout becomes the first woman licensed to practise medicine in Canada, although Emily Stowe has been doing so without a licence in Toronto since 1867.
• Grace Lockhart receives from Mount Allison University the first Bachelor of Arts degree awarded to a woman.

Births

• February 26 – Edith Jane Miller, concert contralto singer (d. 1936)
• March 29 – Harry James Barber, politician (d.1959)
• June 12 – Sam De Grasse, actor (d.1953)

John Buchan, 1st Baron Tweedsmuir

• June 15 – Herman Smith-Johannsen, ski pioneer and supercentenarian (d.1987)
• August 2 – Albert Hickman, politician and 17th Prime Minister of Newfoundland (d.1943)
• August 21 – Winnifred Eaton, author (d.1954)
• August 22 – François Blais, politician (d.1949)
• August 26 – John Buchan, 1st Baron Tweedsmuir, novelist, politician and 15th Governor General of Canada (d.1940)
• September 6 – Edith Berkeley, biologist
• October 5 – Anne-Marie Huguenin, journalist
• November 19 – John Knox Blair, politician, physician and teacher (d.1950)
• December 5 – Arthur Currie, World War I general (d.1933)

Deaths

• March 1 – Henry Kellett, officer in the Royal Navy, oceanographer, Arctic explorer (b.1806)
• June 22 – William Edmond Logan, geologist (b.1798)
• July 15 – Charles La Rocque, priest and third Bishop of Saint-Hyacinthe (b.1809)
• July 22 – Amable Éno, dit Deschamps, political figure (b.1785)
• August 21 – George Coles, Premier of Prince Edward Island (b.1810)
• December 14 – Marie-Anne Gaboury, female explorer (b.1780)

Historical documents

Now in Opposition, J.A. Macdonald and Charles Tupper criticize the Liberal government<ref>"Sir John A. Macdonald at Montreal" and "Speech of Hon. C. Tupper, C.B. at Halifax" Liberal Conservative Hand-Book; Grits in Office; Profession and Practice Contrasted (Published under the Auspices of the Conservative Associations of the Dominion, 1876), pgs. 3-25 and 27-48, respectively. Accessed 16 September 2018</ref>

Rev. George Bryce details Presbyterian Church's "heathen" mission work among 80,000 Indigenous people in North-West Territories<ref>George Bryce, The Presbyterian Church in Canada, and the Canadian North-West (1875). Accessed 6 September 2021</ref>

Painting: Huron-Wendat Chief Telari-o-lin's self-portrait<ref>Zacharie Vincent, "Zacharie Vincent Telari-o-lin Indian Huron Chief His Portrait Painted By Himself" (ca. 1875-80), Chateau Ramezay – Historic Site and Museum of Montreal. Accessed 18 May 2022</ref>

References

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