66391 Moshup

Template:Short description {{#invoke:infobox|infoboxTemplate | class = vcard | titleclass = fn org | title = 66391 Moshup | image = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image=1999kw4 vlt-eso1910.jpg|upright={{#if:||1.1}}|alt=}} | caption = Moshup and its satellite Squannit imaged by the Very Large Telescope's SPHERE instrument<ref name="eso1910"/> | headerstyle = {{#if:#FFC2E0|background-color:#FFC2E0|background-color:#E0CCFF}}; color:inherit; | labelstyle = max-width:{{#if:||11em}}; | autoheaders = y

| header1 = Discovery<ref name="jpldata" />

| label2 = Discovered by | data2 = LINEAR | label3 = Discovery site | data3 = Lincoln Lab's ETS | label4 = Discovery date | data4 = 20 May 1999 | label5 = Template:Longitem | data5 =

| header10 = {{#if:|Designations|Designations}}

| label11 = Template:Longitem | data11 = | label12 = Pronunciation | data12 = Template:IPAc-en | label13 = Template:Longitem | data13 = Maushop
Template:Small | label14 = Template:Longitem | data14 = Template:Mp | label15 = Template:Longitem | data15 = AtenTemplate:·NEOTemplate:·PHA<ref name="jpldata" /><ref name="MPC-object" />
Mercury-crosser
Venus-crosser | label16 = Adjectives | data16 = | label17 = Symbol | data17 =

| header20 = Orbital characteristics{{#ifeq:|yes| (barycentric)}}<ref name="jpldata" />

| data21 = | data22 = {{#if:4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5) |Epoch 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5)}} | data23 = {{#if:0 | Uncertainty parameter 0}} | label24 = Observation arc | data24 = 19.01 yr (6,942 days) | label25 = Earliest precovery date | data25 = | label26 = {{#switch:{{{apsis}}} |apsis|gee|barion|center|centre|(apsis)=Apo{{{apsis}}} |Ap{{#if:|{{{apsis}}}|helion}}}} | data26 = 1.0845 AU | label27 = Peri{{#if:|{{{apsis}}}|helion}} | data27 = 0.2000 AU | label28 = Peri{{#if:|{{{apsis}}}|apsis}} | data28 = | label29 = {{#switch:{{{apsis}}} |helion|astron=Ap{{{apsis}}} |Apo{{#if:|{{{apsis}}}|apsis}}}} | data29 = | label30 = Periastron | data30 = | label31 = Apoastron | data31 = | label32 = Template:Longitem | data32 = 0.6422 AU | label33 = Template:Longitem | data33 = | label34 = Eccentricity | data34 = 0.6886 | label35 = Template:Longitem | data35 = 0.51 yr (188 days) | label36 = Template:Longitem | data36 = | label37 = Template:Longitem | data37 = | label38 = Template:Longitem | data38 = 359.03° | label39 = Template:Longitem | data39 = Template:Deg2DMS / day | label40 = Inclination | data40 = 38.884° | label41 = Template:Longitem | data41 = | label42 = Template:Longitem | data42 = 244.91° | label43 = Template:Longitem | data43 = | label44 = Template:Longitem | data44 = | label45 = Template:Longitem | data45 = 192.62° | label46 = Template:Nowrap | data46 = | label47 = Satellite of | data47 = | label48 = Group | data48 = | label49 = {{#switch: |yes|true=Satellites |Known satellites}} | data49 = 1 (Squannit Template:IPAc-en) | label50 = Star | data50 = | label51 = Earth MOID | data51 = 0.0138 AUTemplate:·5.4 LD | label52 = Mercury MOID | data52 = | label53 = Venus MOID | data53 = | label54 = Mars MOID | data54 = | label55 = Jupiter MOID | data55 = | label56 = Saturn MOID | data56 = | label57 = Uranus MOID | data57 = | label58 = Neptune MOID | data58 = | label59 = T_Jupiter | data59 =

| header60 = Proper orbital elements

| label61 = Template:Longitem | data61 = {{#if: |{{{p_semimajor}}} AU}} | label62 = Template:Longitem | data62 = | label63 = Template:Longitem | data63 = | label64 = Template:Longitem | data64 = {{#if: |{{{p_mean_motion}}} degTemplate:\yr}} | label65 = Template:Longitem | data65 = {{#if:|{{#expr:360/1 round 5}} yr
({{#expr:365.25*360/1 round 3}} d) }} | label66 = Template:Longitem | data66 = {{#if:|{{{perihelion_rate}}} arcsecTemplate:\yr }} | label67 = Template:Longitem | data67 = {{#if:|{{{node_rate}}} arcsecTemplate:\yr}}

| header70 = Template:Anchor{{#if:yes| Physical characteristics|Physical characteristics}}

| label71 = Dimensions | data71 = Template:Val km<ref name="Ostro-2006" /> | label72 = Template:Longitem | data72 = Template:Val<ref name="Ostro-2006" /> | label73 = Template:Longitem | data73 = | label74 = Template:Longitem | data74 = | label75 = Template:Longitem | data75 = | label76 = Flattening | data76 = | label77 = Circumference | data77 = | label78 = Template:Longitem | data78 = | label79 = Volume | data79 = | label80 = Mass | data80 = Template:Val<ref name="Ostro-2006"/> | label81 = Template:Longitem | data81 = Template:Val<ref name="Ostro-2006"/> | label82 = Template:Longitem | data82 = | label83 = Template:Longitem | data83 = | label84 = Template:Longitem | data84 = | label85 = Template:Longitem | data85 = Template:Val h<ref name="Pravec-2006" /> | label86 = Template:Longitem | data86 = | label87 = Template:Longitem | data87 = | label88 = Template:Longitem | data88 = | label89 = Template:Longitem | data89 = | label90 = Template:Longitem | data90 = | label91 = Template:Longitem | data91 = | label92 = Template:Longitem | data92 = | label93 = {{#if:yes |Template:Longitem |Albedo}} | data93 = 0.26 Template:Small<ref name="lcdb" /> | label94 = Temperature | data94 =

| data100 = {{#if:|

{{#if:|}}{{#if:|}}{{#if:|}}{{#if:|}}

Surface temp.	min	mean	max
{{{temp_name1}}}
{{{temp_name2}}}
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| label101 = Surface absorbed dose rate | data101 = | label102 = Surface equivalent dose rate | data102 = | label103 = Template:Longitem | data103 = SMASS=S<ref name="jpldata" /><ref name="lcdb" />
B–V=Template:Val<ref name="Carbognani2019"/>
V–R=Template:Val<ref name="Carbognani2019"/>
V–I=Template:Val<ref name="Carbognani2019"/> | label104 = Template:Longitem | data104 = | label105 = Template:Longitem | data105 = | label106 = Template:Longitem | data106 = 16.5<ref name="jpldata" /><ref name="lcdb" /> | label107 = Template:Longitem | data107 =

| header110 = Atmosphere

| label111 = Template:Longitem | data111 = | label112 = Template:Longitem | data112 = | label113 = Composition by volume | data113 =

| below = {{#if:||Template:Reflist }}

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66391 Moshup Template:IPAc-en, provisional designation Template:Mp, is a binary asteroid, classified as a near-Earth object and potentially hazardous asteroid of the Aten group, approximately 1.3 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 20 May 1999, by Lincoln Near-Earth Asteroid Research (LINEAR) at the Lincoln Laboratory's Experimental Test Site in Socorro, New Mexico, United States.<ref name="MPC-object" /> It is a Mercury-crosser that comes extremely close to the Sun at a perihelion of 0.2 AU.

Orbit

The asteroid orbits the Sun at a distance of 0.2–1.1 AU once every 6.18 months (188 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.69 and an inclination of 39° with respect to the ecliptic.<ref name="jpldata" /> A first precovery was taken by 2MASS at the Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory in 1998, extending the body's observation arc by one year prior to its official discovery observation at Socorro.<ref name="MPC-object" />

As a potentially hazardous asteroid, it has an Earth minimum orbital intersection distance of Template:Convert, or 5.4 lunar distances.<ref name="jpldata" /> On 25 May 2036, it will pass Template:Convert from Earth.<ref name=jpl-close />

Numbering and naming

This minor planet was numbered by the Minor Planet Center on 10 September 2003. It was named from Mohegan legend, after Moshup, a giant who lived in the coastal areas of New England. The asteroid's companion is named Squannit, after the wife of Moshup and a medicine woman of the Makiawisug (little people). The official Template:MoMP was published by the Minor Planet Center on 27 August 2019 (Template:Small).<ref name="MPC-Circulars-Archive" />

Physical characteristics

In the SMASS classification, the asteroid a characterized as a stony S-type asteroid.<ref name="jpldata" />

Satellite

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}

File:1999 KW4 animated.gif

Simulated animation of the Moshup binary system. The simulation speed is approx. 12,000 times real-time.

Moshup has a minor-planet moon orbiting it. The moon, named Squannit Template:IPAc-en, is approximately 360 metres in diameter, and orbits its primary every 16 hours at a mean distance of 2.6 kilometers. The presence of a companion was suggested by photometric observations made by Pravec and Šarounová and was confirmed by radar observations from Arecibo, announced on 23 May 2001 (also see below).<ref name="Pravec-2006" /><ref name="Johnstonsarchive" /> Based on radar imaging, Squannit's dimensions are estimated to be Template:Val meters.<ref name="Ostro-2006" />

Diameter and shape

File:Asteroid 1994 KW4.jpg

Radar images of Moshup and Squannit taken at Goldstone

File:1999KW4 Arecibo 2019May29-31.png

Collage of radar images taken at Arecibo in May 2019

According to radiometric observations from Arecibo Observatory, the asteroid has an effective mean diameter of 1.317 kilometers.<ref name="Ostro-2006" /> The observations were taken from May 21–23, 2001, by Lance A. M. Benner, Steven J. Ostro, Jon D. Giorgini, Raymond F. Jurgens, Jean-Luc Margot and Michael C. Nolan.<ref name="Ostro-2006" />

The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link adopts a diameter of 1.3 kilometers and derives an albedo 0.26 with an absolute magnitude of 16.5.<ref name="lcdb" />

The shapes of the two bodies and their dynamics are complex.<ref>NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Asteroid Radar Research Template:Webarchive, retrieved May 3, 2007</ref> With a dimension of approximately Template:Val kilometers for a simple triaxial ellipsoid, the asteroid has an oblate shape, which is dominated by an equatorial ridge at the body's potential-energy minimum. This bizarre property of the equatorial region means that it is close to breakup: raising a particle a meter above the surface would put it into orbit. As seen in the image above, the gravitational effects between the moon and the asteroid create a gigantic mountain extending in the equatorial plane around the entire asteroid. It was the first asteroid to be described as "muffin-shaped",<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> which is now understood to be a very common shape for asteroids in critical rotation,<ref name="JewittWeaver2018">Template:Cite journal</ref> including 101955 Bennu and 162173 Ryugu.

Lightcurves

During 19–27 June 2000, a rotational lightcurve of this asteroid was obtained from photometric observations by Petr Pravec and Lenka Šarounová at Ondřejov Observatory. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 2.7650 hours with a brightness variation of 0.12 magnitude (Template:Small).<ref name="Pravec-2006" />

See also

• List of asteroid close approaches to Earth in 2019
• List of solar system objects by size

External links

• Margot, Jean-Luc, Radar observations of Template:Mp November 1999, retrieved July 2016
• Near-Earth Asteroid Is Two Chunks In One, NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, May 2001
• Asteroids with Satellites, Robert Johnston, johnstonsarchive.net
• 1999 KW4 orbit and observations at IAU Minor Planet Center
• Template:NeoDys
• Template:JPL small body

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