8 Flora

8 Flora is a large, bright main-belt asteroid. It is the innermost large asteroid: no asteroid closer to the Sun has a diameter above 25 kilometers (20% that of Flora), and not until 20-km 149 Medusa was discovered was an asteroid known to orbit at a closer mean distance.<ref>Binsel, Richard P.; Gehrels, Tom and Matthews, Mildred Shapley (editors); Asteroids II; published 1989 by University of Arizona Press; pp. 1038-1040. Template:ISBN</ref> It is the seventh-brightest asteroid with a mean opposition magnitude of +8.7.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Flora can reach a magnitude of +8.1 at a favorable opposition near perihelion, such as occurred in November 2020 when it was Template:Convert from Earth.<ref name="Horizons2020"/>

Discovery and naming

Flora was discovered by J. R. Hind on 18 October 1847. It was his second asteroid discovery after 7 Iris.<ref name=astunicode/>

The name Flora was proposed by John Herschel, from Flora, the Latin goddess of flowers and gardens, wife of Zephyrus (the personification of the West wind), and mother of Spring. The Greek equivalent is Chloris, who has her own asteroid, 410 Chloris, but in Greek 8 Flora is also called 8 Chloris (8 Χλωρίς).Template:Citation needed

The old iconic symbol for 8 Flora has been variously rendered as File:Flora symbol (fixed width).svg, File:Flora symbol (simple, fixed width).svg, etc. It was added to Unicode 17.0 as U+1CEC2 𜻂 (File:Flora symbol (fixed width).svg).<ref name=astunicode>Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="Unicode-1CEC0">Template:Cite web</ref> The original description for the symbol described it as a flower, but later authors per Schmadel (2012) identified it as the Rose of England.<ref name=astunicode />

Characteristics

File:FloraOrbit.png

The orbit of 8 Flora compared with the orbits of Earth, Mars and Jupiter

File:Moon and Asteroids 1 to 10.svg

Size comparison: the first 10 asteroids profiled against Earth's Moon. Flora is third from the right.

File:8 Flora.webm

Two images, one hour apart, taken from an amateur telescope in Tenerife.

Lightcurve analysis indicates that Flora's pole points towards ecliptic coordinates (β, λ) = (16°, 160°) with a 10° uncertainty.<ref name="Torppa2003" /> This gives an axial tilt of 78°, plus or minus ten degrees.

Flora is the parent body of the Flora family of asteroids, and by far the largest member, comprising about 80% of the total mass of this family. Nevertheless, Flora was almost certainly disrupted by the impact(s) that formed the family, and is probably a gravitational aggregate of most of the pieces.Template:Citation needed

Flora's spectrum indicates that its surface composition is a mixture of silicate rock (including pyroxene and olivine) and nickel-iron metal. Flora, and the whole Flora family generally, are good candidates for being the parent bodies of the L chondrite meteorites.<ref name="Nesvorny">Template:Cite journal</ref> This meteorite type comprises 35% of meteorites impacting the Earth.<ref name="nhm">Template:Cite book</ref>

Observational history

During an observation on 25 March 1917, 8 Flora was mistaken for the 15th-magnitude star TU Leonis, which led to that star's classification as a U Geminorum cataclysmic variable star.<ref name="TU Leonis" /> Flora had come to opposition on 1917 February 13, 40 days earlier.<ref name="TU Leonis" /> This mistake was uncovered only in 1995.<ref name="TU Leonis">Template:Cite journal</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

On 26 July 2013, Flora at magnitude 8.8 occulted the star 2UCAC 22807162 over parts of South America, Africa, and Asia.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

External links

• shape model deduced from lightcurve
• "Announcement of discovery of Flora", MNRAS 8 (1848) 82
• Template:AstDys
• Template:JPL small body