A1 motorway (Greece)

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Template:Short description Template:More citations needed Template:Infobox road

The A1 motorway, is the 2nd longest motorway in Greece with a length of 557 km. It is the principal north–south road connection in Greece,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> connecting the country's capital Athens with the regions of Thessaly and Macedonia, as well as the country's second largest city, Thessaloniki. It starts from Neo Faliro in Attica and continues north to reach the Evzonoi border station, on the Greek border with North Macedonia.

Today, the construction, operation and maintenance of the A1 motorway have been largely outsourced to private companies: Aftokinitodromos Aigaiou SA. (Kleidi, Imathia - Raches, Fthiotida), Kentriki Odos SA (Raches, Fthiotida - Skarfia, Fthiotida) and Nea Odos SA (Skarfia, Fthiotida - Metamorfosi, Attica). The section of Kleidi, Imathia-Evzoni since 2014 operates and is maintained by Egnatia Odos SA.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Route

The motorway passes through Mainland Greece and has largely replaced National Road 1. It begins at Kifissou Avenue, Athens, just north of the Bay of Phaliro, and continues northward to Evzonoi, on the border with the country's northern neighbour, North Macedonia, where it continues as the A1. Before the European routes numbers were changed, the northern part from Efzoni to EO2 was E5N, while today the entire road is part of European route E75. The task of maintaining and charging for parts of the motorway has recently been ceded to private consortia, part of the deal for the construction of the A5 (Ionia Odos), the A3/E65, and the bypass of Tempe Valley.Template:Citation needed

The part west of downtown Athens runs over the Cephisus river and Kifissou Avenue. From north of the boundary of Voiotia - Phthiotis, up to near Velestino, the tollway runs close to the coast of the Aegean Sea. It then continues north of the Tempe Valley and up to the junction of the European route E90. It then shares a 25 km common part with the A2/E90 (on a west–east direction), and then, at the "Axios Interchange", continues north to Evzonoi and the national border with North Macedonia. Its total length is approximately 557 km.Template:Citation needed

Cities

The A1 motorway passes near major urban centers in the country:

  1. Athens
  2. Chalcis (20 km south - connection via A11)
  3. Thebes
  4. Lamia
  5. Larissa
  6. Katerini
  7. Thessaloniki (20 km west - connection via the A2 motorway (Egnatia Odos) and Thessaloniki's New West Entrance)
  8. Polykastro

Airports

The A1 motorway is connected to the following airports:

  1. Thessaloniki (Macedonia Airport) (45 km west - connection via the A2 (Egnatia Odos) and the A24 Thessaloniki Ring Road)
  2. Nea Anchialos - (10 km west - connection via National Road 30)
  3. Athens (Eleftherios Venizelos Airport) - (25 km west - connection via the A6 motorway)

Harbours

The A1 motorway is connected to the following harbours:

  1. Thessaloniki
  2. Volos
  3. Piraeus

Distances in kilometers

Distance in km 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
(1) Evzonoi – 49 63 75 110 171 208 252 354 533 557
(2) Gefyra 49 – 12 26 61 122 159 203 305 505 501
(3) Axios 63 12 – 12 47 108 145 188 290 490 507
(4) Kleidi 75 49 12 – 35 98 135 178 280 480 497
(5) Katerini 110 61 47 35 – 61 98 141 243 443 460
(6) Evangelismos 171 122 108 98 61 – 37 80 182 382 399
(7) Larissa 208 159 145 135 108 37 – 43 145 345 362
(8) Velestino 252 212 198 186 151 80 43 – 102 302 319
(9) Lamia 354 305 293 279 244 183 146 102 – 200 217
(10) Athens 533 484 472 458 423 362 325 282 200 – 17

History

1950s-1970s

The only major road that connected Greece's two biggest cities was Greek National Road 1 at that time. More specifically, the national road connected Athens with the customs of Evzoni, through Dhekelia, Atalanti, Kamena Vourla, Thermopylae, Lamia, Stylida, Almyros, Velestino, Larissa, the Vale of Tempe, Katerini, Alexandria, Gefyra and Polykastro, following a path well established since Antiquity. <ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> However, over time, its specifications began to be considered obsolete, as in the rest of Europe modern highways began to be built. Construction on a new and modern road artery was thus started in the mid-1950s. The first section to open was the Larissa-Katerini, delivered in 1959. Later on, the Athens-Lamia and the Lamia-Larissa sections followed, opening in 1962 and 1967 respectively. The highway up to Thessaloniki and the Yugoslav border was completed in 1973, with the delivery of the Katerini - Thessaloniki - Evzoni section. For the most part it was Template:Convert - Template:Convert (except for the part through the Valley of Tempi, which was Template:Convert due to mountainous terrain) and 2 traffic lanes (1 lane + 1 auxiliary lane in each direction), without a median strip. The Polykastro - Evzoni section was the first section with motorway specifications.<ref name=":4">Template:Cite book</ref>

1980-today

Work on the conversion to a motorway began in the mid-1980s, with the construction of the sections Klidi interchange- Gallikos river (delivered in 1988), Bogiati camp - Kryoneri interchange (delivered in 1989) (4.5 km), Inofyta interchange- Schimatari interchange (delivered in 1989) (12.5 km), Ritsona interchange - Thebes interchange (delivered in 1989) (14.8 km). In the early 1990s, work began on the entire length of the sections Athens - Thebes interchange, and Katerini - Klidi.<ref name=":4" />

As early as 1995, National Road 1 had highway specifications in the sections Athens - Yliki, Katerini - Klidi - Thessaloniki and Polykastro - Evzoni.<ref name=":4" />

In 1998, it had six lanes in the Athens (Metamorfosi) -Thebe section and four in the Thebes-Tempi section, with the exception of a few sections in Magnesia, which still had two.<ref name=":4" />

In 2002 the Yliki-Agios Konstantinos section was completed.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

In 2004 the first tunnel of the A1 was built, the tunnel of Katerini (tunnels of Alexander the Great and Philip),<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> while in the same year Kifissos Avenue was handed over, which is the part of the road that connects Metamorfosi with Faliro, above the Kifissos river, inside Athens.

In November 2017, with the launch of the tender for the privatization of Egnatia Motorway and the announcement of its terms, it was announced that the upgrade of the Halastra-Polykastro section from an expressway to as motorway was under planning.<ref>Template:Cite newsTemplate:Dead link</ref> This was confirmed in September 2018. Construction costs are estimated to exceed €200 million, and the remainder of the axis from Polykastro to Evzoni, which has already been characterized a motorway will be upgraded with more modern features such as safety barriers, new signage and road improvements.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

In 2005, it was completed along its entire length, except for the "Horseshoe" of Maliakos and Tempi.<ref name=":4" />

On June 13, 2007, the Aegean Motorway SA was established, which undertook the construction and operation of the motorway in the Raches-Klidi section.<ref name=":4" />

In the same year, the first sections of Maliakos, the Agios Konstantinos Bypass, the Kamenon Vourlon Bypass and the 4.5 km long Agia Paraskevi-Agia Marina section were opened to traffic.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In 2008 the Thermopylae-Bralos Bypass section was delivered.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

In 2014, the Velestino interchange was completed, which connects ATHE with Volos.

In 2015, the last section of Maliakos Stylida-Raches with the tunnels of Stylida, with the upgraded Lamia interchange and the new bridge of Sperchios (bypass of Lamia) was handed over to traffic.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

In 2016, the northern interchange of Katerini was completed, after about 26 years of construction, due to expropriation and financing problems.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> On April 6, 2017, the section Evangelismos - Skotina (bypass of Tempi and Platamonas), 25 km long, was delivered. In November 2017, with the start of the tender for the privatization of Egnatia Odos and the announcement of its terms, it became known that the HRDH may include in the object of the Concession Agreement the upgrade of the section Halastra - Polykastro from expressway to motorway, which was confirmed in September 2018. The construction cost is estimated to exceed 200 million euros, while the rest of the axis from Polykastro to Evzoni, which already has highway features, will be upgraded with more modern features such as safety railings, new signage and pavement improvement.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Exit list

Template:RJL The exits of the completed sections of the A1 motorway:[1]

Notes
      Under construction
      Planned
Regional unit Exit Name Destinations Notes/Also as
Kilkis
Evzonoi border crossing (North Macedonia) 		M1 E75
Template:Flag 		5-gate customs

 Speed limit 20

 Height limit 4.5 m.<ref>Or 2.8 m, depending on the gate</ref>

northern terminus of the A1

Bus and truck customs Template:Flag (for buses and trucks) one-exit interchange without ramps
Evzonoi GR-1
E75
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Polykastro
E75
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File:Traffic Sign GR - KOK 2009 - P-37.svg File:Traffic Sign GR - KOK 2009 - P-47.svg File:Traffic Sign GR - KOK 2009 - P-31c.svg Rest Area of Polykastro
Thessaloniki Agios Athanasios File:GR-EO-2.svg GR-2 File:European Road 86 number DE.svg E86
E75
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19 Axios interchange File:Autokinetodromos A2 number.svg A2 File:European Road 90 number DE.svg E90
E75
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18 Nea Malgara
E75 File:European Road 90 number DE.svg E90
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Imathia 17 Kleidi interchange West: File:Autokinetodromos A2 number.svg A2 (File:European Road 90 number DE.svg E90): Kozani, Veria, Ioannina
E75
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Pieria Aiginio
E75
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Nea Agathoupoli
E75
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Makrygialos
E75
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File:Traffic Sign GR - KOK 2009 - P-37.svg File:Traffic Sign GR - KOK 2009 - P-47.svg File:Traffic Sign GR - KOK 2009 - P-31c.svg Rest Area of Korinos
Korinos
E75
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Katerini North,

Paralia

Katerini Ring Road,

File:Traffic Sign GR - KOK 2009 - P-46.svg File:Traffic Sign GR - KOK 2009 - P-43.svg Paralia, Kallithea

E75
Katerini East GR-1
E75
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Fillipos Tunnel (1095 m) (southbound) Alexandros Tunnel (1100 m) (northbound)
Katerini South File:Traffic Sign GR - KOK 2009 - P-46.svg Olympiaki Akti E75
Nea Efesos File:Traffic Sign GR - KOK 2009 - P-46.svg File:Traffic Sign GR - KOK 2009 - P-43.svg Nea Efesos, Kontariotissa
E75
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Paralia Litochorou,

Dion

Dion
E75
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Litochoro West: Litochoro, File:Mountain icon (Noun Project).svg Mount Olympus

East: File:Traffic Sign GR - KOK 2009 - P-46.svg Plaka

E75
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Plaka Litochorou File:Traffic Sign GR - KOK 2009 - P-46.svg Plaka
E75
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Leptokarya,

Skotina

GR-1

East: File:Traffic Sign GR - KOK 2009 - P-46.svg File:Traffic Sign GR - KOK 2009 - P-43.svg Leptokarya, File:Traffic Sign GR - KOK 2009 - P-46.svg Paralia Skotinas

E75
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File:Traffic Sign GR - KOK 2009 - P-37.svg File:Traffic Sign GR - KOK 2009 - P-47.svg File:Traffic Sign GR - KOK 2009 - P-31c.svg Rest Area of Skotina
Platamonas Tunnel (T3) (2700 m) Platamonas Tunnel (T3) (2700 m)
Platamonas,

Neoi Poroi

E75
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Larissa Rapsani
E75
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Tempe Tunnel 2 (T2) (6000 m) Tempe Tunnel 2 (T2) (6000 m)
Tempe Tunnel 1 (T1) (2000 m) Tempe Tunnel 1 (T1) (2000 m)
Evangelismos,

Makrychori

GR-1
E75
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File:Traffic Sign GR - KOK 2009 - P-37.svg File:Traffic Sign GR - KOK 2009 - P-47.svg File:Traffic Sign GR - KOK 2009 - P-31c.svg Rest Area of Evangelismos
Larissa 1 GR-1 (Also to Kozani)
E75
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Larissa 2
E75
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Larissa 3 File:GR-EO-6.svg GR-6
E75
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Larissa 4 (Also to Trikala and Karditsa) File:GR-EO-108.svg GR-108 File:European Road 92 number DE.svg E92
E75
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Kileler
E75 File:European Road 92 number DE.svg E92
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Mega Monastiri
E75 File:European Road 92 number DE.svg E92
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Magnesia Velestino
Volos 		File:GR-EO-6.svg GR-6 File:European Road 92 number DE.svg E92
E75
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Aerino GR-1
E75
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Mikrothives
Volos
Farsala 		File:GR-EO-30.svg GR-30
E75
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Almyros
E75
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Sourpi
E75
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File:Traffic Sign GR - KOK 2009 - P-37.svg File:Traffic Sign GR - KOK 2009 - P-47.svg File:Traffic Sign GR - KOK 2009 - P-31c.svg Rest Area of Almyros
Agioi Theodoroi
E75
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Phthiotis Pelasgia
E75
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Raches GR-1
E75
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Stylida
Karavomylos
E75
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Agia Marina GR-1
E75
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Agia Paraskevi
E75
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Lamia 1 File:European Road 65 number DE.svg E65
E75
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File:Traffic Sign GR - KOK 2009 - P-37.svg File:Traffic Sign GR - KOK 2009 - P-47.svg File:Traffic Sign GR - KOK 2009 - P-31c.svg Rest Area of Lamia
Lamia 2 Connection to File:Autokinetodromos A3 number.svg A3
E75
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Bralos File:GR-EO-27.svg GR-27 File:European Road 65 number DE.svg E65
E75
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Thermopyles
E75
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Molos
E75
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Kainourgio
E75
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Kamena Vourla
E75
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Latomeio
E75
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Agios Konstantinos
E75
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Longos
E75
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Arkitsa
E75
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Livanates
E75
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Atalanti
E75
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Tragana
E75
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Malesina
E75
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Martino
E75
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Boeotia Kastro File:GR-EO-48.svg GR-48
E75
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33 Akraifnio
E75
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31 Thebes barracks
E75
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Thebes
E75
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Thebes 2 File:Autokinetodromos A13 number.svg A13 (future Athens bypass) Cancelled
File:Traffic Sign GR - KOK 2009 - P-37.svg File:Traffic Sign GR - KOK 2009 - P-47.svg File:Traffic Sign GR - KOK 2009 - P-31c.svg Rest Area of Tanagra
30 Ritsona File:GR-EO-44.svg GR-44
E75
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Schimatari File:GR-EO-44β.svg GR-44β A1 southbound access to A11
E75
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Chalcis interchange File:Autokinetodromos A11 number.svg A11
E75
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Oinoi
E75
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East Attica Oinofyta
E75
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File:Traffic Sign GR - KOK 2009 - P-37.svg File:Traffic Sign GR - KOK 2009 - P-47.svg File:Traffic Sign GR - KOK 2009 - P-31c.svg 'Serios' Rest Area
Malakasa File:GR-EO-79.svg GR-79
E75
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Markopoulo
E75
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Kapandriti File:GR-EO-81.svg GR-81
E75
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Afidnes
E75
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Agios Stefanos File:GR-EO-83.svg GR-83
E75
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North Athens Varympompi
E75
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Kifisia
E75
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Lykovrysi
E75
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Metamorfosi
E75
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Metamorfosi interchange File:Autokinetodromos A6 number.svg A6 File:European Road 94 number DE.svg E94
E75
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Central Athens Anagenniseos Street
E75
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Krestenis Street
E75
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Vryoulon Street
E75
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Acharnon Street
E75
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Agioi Anargyroi
E75
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Liosion Street
E75
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Patisia
E75
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Peristeri north
E75
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Konstantinoupoleos Avenue
E75
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Ethnarchou Makariou Street
E75
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Peristeri south File:GR-EO-8.svg GR-8
E75
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West Athens Iera Odos
E75
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Petrou Ralli Avenue
E75
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Piraeus Agias Annis Street
E75
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Peiraios Street File:GR-EO-56.svg GR-56
E75
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Piraeus E75 southern terminus of the A1

References

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