AEG G.IV
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The AEG G.IV was a biplane bomber aircraft designed and produced by the German aircraft manufacturer Allgemeine Elektrizitäts-Gesellschaft. It saw action during the First World War with the Luftstreitkräfte (Imperial German Army Air Service).
The G.IV was developed from the AEG G.III, featuring various refinements to power, bomb-load, and dimensions; specifically, it featured double the bomb capacity of the AEG G.II. Introduced to service during late 1916, the G.IV managed to achieve some operational success in both reconnaissance and direct combat missions.<ref name="Grey and Thetford p. 7">Grey and Thetford 1962, p. 7.</ref> Because of its relatively short range, the G.IV served mainly as a tactical bomber and thus operated close to the front lines. It initially flew both day and night operations in France, Romania, Greece and Italy, but was increasingly restricted to night missions as the conflict progressed. Many night operations were considered nuisance raids, conducting without any specific targets other than the intention of disrupting enemy activity at night and achieving some collateral damage at best.<ref name="Grey and Thetford pp. 78">Grey and Thetford 1962, pp. 7–8.</ref>
Some officials concluded that the G.IV was still inadequate in terms of offensive capacity and performance, thus further improvements were sought. A single specialised G.IV was converted into an armored, anti-tank gunship, the G.IVk (Kanone) with two 20 mm Becker cannon, but it did not see action. The G.IV would be the last in the series to see action as, while development of the improved G.V did proceed, the Armistice of 1918 that brought an end to the combat came into effect before this successor could become operational.
Design and development
The Allgemeine Elektricitäts-Gesellschaft (A.E.G.) G.IV was derived from the earlier G.III; according to the aviation historians Peter Gray and Owen Thetford, it was only a slight refinement of its predecessor.<ref name="Grey and Thetford p. 6"/> Designed from the onset to operate as a tactical bomber, the designers opted to incorporate various relatively modern technologies of the era, including onboard radios and electrically heated suits for the crew.<ref name="BPS"/>
Unlike the other German twin-engined Großflugzeug-class ("G") bombers, such as the Gotha G.V and the Friedrichshafen G.III, the G.IV featured an all-metal welded-tube frame that made the aircraft considerably more durable than most of its contemporaries.<ref name="Grey and Thetford p. 67">Grey and Thetford 1962, pp. 6–7.</ref><ref group="N">Multiple photos of AEG crashes have depicted the wings having crumpled while the crew compartments stayed intact, allowing the crew to walk away from the crash in many cases.</ref> This design choice resulted in a relatively high structural weight despite its compact size for a twin-engine aircraft.<ref name="Grey and Thetford p. 7"/> The fuselage was constructed as one complete unit, instead of using sub-assemblies. In addition to the fuselage, the tail unit also made use of steel tube construction.<ref name="Grey and Thetford p. 7"/> Aside from plywood paneling on the nose, the exterior was covered by fabric. The tail unit featured a particularly tall rudder, which necessitated unconventional bracing to the upper longeron; the tail fins also featured a relatively unorthodox high camber.<ref name="Grey and Thetford p. 7"/>
The G.IV was powered by a pair of Mercedes D.IVa six-cylinder water-cooled inline piston engines; cooling was provided via automotive-type radiators positioned immediately aft of the propellers.<ref name="Grey and Thetford p. 67"/> These engines were mounted via a complex array of steel struts to the lower wing spars and braced against the upper longerons of the fuselage; somewhat unusually, there was no connecting struts between the engine and the upper wing. The wings comprised a fixed central section with detachable swept outer panels of composite construction, that being a pair of 50 mm diameter steel tube spars and solid wood ribs. To lighten the wing structure, strategically-placed holes were drilled and, besides loose threading, no solid connection between the ribs and the spars were made; several of the ribs were also false.<ref name="Grey and Thetford p. 6"/> The upper wing featured large balanced ailerons that shared a similar profile to that of the AEG C.IV.<ref name="Grey and Thetford p. 6"/> The undercarriage comprised a relatively sturdy tailskid and a pair of wheels, each one mounted directly beneath each engine and equipped with shock absorbers.<ref name="Grey and Thetford p. 7"/>
The G.IV was relatively well equipped in terms of armament, being capable of carrying a warload of 400 kg (880 lb).<ref name="BPS"/> At the port side of the rear cockpit were a pair of tracks for carrying 25 lb bombs, an additional bomb rack was fitted between the rear and forward cockpits underneath the floor. Provisions for the carriage of up to five 50 lb bombs, one underneath each wing and up to three beneath the fuselage, were also made<ref name="Grey and Thetford p. 7"/> Bomb release was controlled from the forward cockpit. The G.IV was typically flown by a three-man crew, although a fourth could be readily accommodated when required.<ref name="Grey and Thetford p. 7"/> The rear gunner's cockpit was located on the top of the fuselage, being equipped with a hinged window in the floor for viewing and fending off pursuing aircraft.<ref>"A.E.G. G.IV." Template:Webarchive Canada Aviation and Space museum. Retrieved: 14 April 2011.</ref> When suitably configured, dual flight controls (with the notable exception of the ailerons) could be furnished, although this facility was of limited use outside of emergencies.<ref name="Grey and Thetford p. 7"/>
Several experimental modifications were made to the G.IV. A version with increased span and three bay struts, the G.IVb, is known to have been built.<ref name="Grey and Thetford p. 8"/> Furthermore, the aircraft was also converted into an armored, anti-tank gunship, the G.IVk (Kanone) with two 20 mm Becker cannon, however, this model is believed to have never entered service.<ref>Johnson, Robert Craig. "Plan 1919." Template:Webarchive Plan 1919, 1997. Retrieved: 14 April 2011.</ref>
Operational history
The G.IV entered service with the German Air Force in late 1916.<ref name="BPS">Sharpe 2000, p. 15.</ref> Even at the start of its career, its performance in several metrics was inferior to that of contemporary Gothas, including range and payload capacity, despite typically sharing the same Mercedes D.IVa engine. However, while Gotha crews struggled to keep their heavy aircraft aloft, the G.IV was regarded as being a relatively easy aircraft to fly.<ref name="Grey and Thetford p. 6">Grey and Thetford 1962, p. 6.</ref> In light of its relatively small payload when fully-fueled, missions typically undertaken by the type were short range, thus permitting more munitions to be carried at the expense of fuel. On occasion, it was flown without any offensive payload to perform aerial reconnaissance flights.<ref name="Grey and Thetford p. 7"/>
The G.IV performed both day and night time bombing missions, often targeting areas to the rear of the contact line.<ref name="Grey and Thetford pp. 78"/> Some crews of Kampfgeschwader 4 are reputed to have flown up to seven combat missions per night on the Italian front. One notable mission conducted by a G.IV, piloted by Hauptmann Hermann Köhl, was conducted against the railway sheds in Padua, Italy.<ref>"His life in brief." Hermann Koehl. Retrieved: 14 April 2011.</ref>
By August 1918, it is believed that around 50 aircraft were still active with the German Air Force.<ref name="Grey and Thetford p. 7"/> The G.IV continued to be used operationally through to the Armistice of 11 November 1918 that ended the conflict.<ref name="Grey and Thetford pp. 78"/>
Survivor
A single example (number 574/18) is preserved at the Canada Aviation and Space Museum. This example is significant not only as the only one of its kind in existence, but as the only preserved German, twin-engined combat aircraft from the First World War.<ref>Molson 1988, p. 98.</ref> The aircraft was brought to Canada in 1919 as a war trophy and has been at the museum since 1970.
Variants
- AEG G.IV
- Tactical bomber
- AEG G.IVg
- Fitted with an increased span three-bay wing.
- AEG G.IVk
- Armoured ground-attack aircraft fitted with two 20 mm Becker cannon, one in a dorsal mounting and one in a turret under the nose. Five built.<ref name="fly1 p96-7">Williams and Gustin 2003, pp. 96–97.</ref>
Operators
Specifications (AEG G.IV)
See also
References
Notes
Citations
Bibliography
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External links
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