Adenophora

Adenophora is a genus of flowering plants in the family Campanulaceae, the bellflowers. Plants of this genus are known commonly as ladybells.<ref name=perry>Perry, L. Perennial Plant Feature: Ladybells. Template:Webarchive Department of Plant and Soil Science, University of Vermont Extension</ref> Most of the species in the genus are native to eastern Asia, with a few in Europe. Many are endemic to either China or Siberia.<ref name="annabelle">Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant FamiliesTemplate:Dead link</ref><ref name=china>沙参属 sha shen shu Adenophora. Flora of China.</ref>

Description

These plants are perennial herbs, often with thick, fleshy roots. The stem usually grows erect from a caudex. There are usually several basal leaves borne on long petioles. The leaves on the stem are alternately arranged in most species. Flowers are solitary or borne in cymes. The corolla of the flower is bell-shaped, funnel-shaped, or tubular, with five lobes.<ref name=china/> The corollas of most species are blue.<ref name=perry/> There is a characteristic nectar disc at the base of the stamens.<ref name=china/>

Species

There are 68 species currently accepted as Adenophora.<ref name = powo>Adenophora Fisch. Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 23 August 2024.</ref> These are:<ref name="annabelle"/><ref name=china/><ref name=grin>GRIN Species Records of Adenophora. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).</ref>

File:Adenophora nikoensis 01.jpg

Adenophora nikoensis

File:Adenophora triphylla var. japonica 09.jpg

Adenophora triphylla var. japonica

1. Adenophora amurica Template:Small – Heilongjiang
2. Adenophora biformifolia Template:Small – Inner Mongolia
3. Adenophora biloba Template:Small – Inner Mongolia
4. Adenophora borealis Template:Small – Inner Mongolia and Hebei
5. Adenophora brevidiscifera Template:Small – Sichuan
6. Adenophora capillaris Template:Small – Chongqing, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan
7. Adenophora changaica Template:Small – Mongolia
8. Adenophora coelestis Template:Small – Sichuan, Yunnan
9. Adenophora contracta Template:Small – Liaoning, Inner Mongolia
10. Adenophora cordifolia Template:Small – Henan
11. Adenophora daqingshanica Template:Small – Inner Mongolia
12. Adenophora dawuensis Template:Small – Sichuan
13. Adenophora delavayi Template:Small – northwestern Yunnan
14. Adenophora divaricata Template:Small – spreading-branch ladybell<ref name=":0">Template:Cite book</ref> – Honshu, Shikoku, Korea, Amur, Primorye, Khabarovsk, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Shandong, Shanxi
15. Adenophora elata Template:Small – Hebei, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi
16. Adenophora fusifolia Template:Small – South Korea
17. Adenophora gmelinii Template:Small (synonym Adenophora taquetii Template:Small) – narrow-leaf ladybell, Jejudo ladybell<ref name=":0" /> – Buryatiya, Chita, Amur, Primorye, Mongolia, Korea, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi
18. Adenophora golubinzevaeana Template:Small – Krasnoyarsk
19. Adenophora grandiflora Template:Small – big-flower ladybell<ref name=":0" /> – Korea
20. Adenophora hatsushimae Template:Small – Kyushu
21. Adenophora himalayana Template:Small – Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Tibet, Nepal, northern India, Xinjiang, Gansu, Shaanxi, Sichuan
22. Adenophora hubeiensis Template:Small – Hubei
23. Adenophora × izuensis Template:Small – Honshu
24. Adenophora jacutica Template:Small – Yakutiya
25. Adenophora jasionifolia Template:Small – Tibet, Sichuan, Yunnan
26. Adenophora khasiana Template:Small (syn. A. bulleyana Template:Small) – Assam, Bhutan, Myanmar, Tibet, Sichuan, Yunnan
27. Adenophora lamarckii Template:Small – Lamark's ladybell<ref name=":0" /> – Irkutsk, Altai, Kazakhstan, Xinjiang, Mongolia, Korea
28. Adenophora liliifolia Template:Small – lily-leaf ladybell<ref name=":0" /> – central and eastern Europe (Germany, Switzerland, Italy, etc.) east to Xinjiang
29. Adenophora liliifolioides Template:Small – Gansu, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Tibet
30. Adenophora linearifolia Template:Small – Sichuan
31. Adenophora lobophylla Template:Small – Sichuan
32. Adenophora longipedicellata Template:Small – Chongqing, Guizhou, W Hubei, Sichuan
33. Adenophora maximowicziana Template:Small – Shikoku
34. Adenophora micrantha Template:Small – Inner Mongolia
35. Adenophora morrisonensis Template:Small – Taiwan
36. Adenophora nikoensis Template:Small – Honshu
37. Adenophora ningxianica Template:Small<ref name=song>Song, G. and H. De-yuan. (1999). A new species of Chinese Adenophora (Campanulaceae). Novon 9(1) 46.</ref> – Gansu, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia
38. Adenophora palustris Template:Small – marsh ladybell<ref name=":0" /> – Jilin, Korea, Honshu
39. Adenophora pereskiifolia Template:Small (synonyms Adenophora kayasanensis Template:Small and Adenophora racemosa Template:Small) – Manchurian ladybell, Korean ladybell, racemose ladybell, Gayasan ladybell<ref name=":0" /> – Mongolia, Japan, Korea, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Amur, Kuril Islands, Primorye, Khabarovsk, Chita, Buryatiya
40. Adenophora petiolata Template:Small – Anhui, Chongqing, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Zhejiang
41. Adenophora pinifolia Template:Small – Liaoning
42. Adenophora polyantha Template:Small – many-flower ladybell<ref name=":0" /> – Korea, Anhui, Gansu, Hebei, Henan, Jiangsu, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi
43. Adenophora potaninii Template:Small – Gansu, Hebei, Henan, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan
44. Adenophora probatovae Template:Small – Primorye
45. Adenophora remotidens Template:Small – Incheon ladybell<ref name=":0" /> – Korea
46. Adenophora remotiflora Template:Small (synonym Adenophora erecta Template:Small) – scattered ladybell<ref name=":0" /> – Primorye, Japan, Korea, Manchuria
47. Adenophora rupestris Template:Small – Irkutsk
48. Adenophora rupincola Template:Small – Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan
49. Adenophora sajanensis Template:Small – Krasnoyarsk
50. Adenophora sinensis Template:Small – Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Hunan, Jiangxi
51. Adenophora stenanthina Template:Small – Mongolia, Gansu, Hebei, Jilin, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Altai, Amur, Irkutsk, Chita, Buryatiya, Tuva
52. Adenophora stenophylla Template:Small – Mongolia, Inner Mongolia, Manchuria
53. Adenophora stricta Template:Small – upright ladybell<ref name=":0" /> – Korea, Japan, Anhui, Chongqing, Fujian, Gansu, Guangxi, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang
54. Adenophora subjenisseensis Template:Small – central Siberia
55. Adenophora sublata Template:Small – Primorye, Khabarovsk
56. Adenophora taiwaniana Template:Small – Taiwan
57. Adenophora takedae Template:Small – Honshu
58. Adenophora tashiroi Template:Small – Fukue Island, Jeju-do Island
59. Adenophora taurica Template:Small – Crimea
60. Adenophora trachelioides Template:Small – Anhui, Hebei, Jiangsu, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Shandong, Zhejiang
61. Adenophora tricuspidata Template:Small – Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia, much of Asiatic Russia
62. Adenophora triphylla Template:Small – giant bellflower – Korea, Japan, Ryukyu Islands, Taiwan, Laos, Vietnam, Russian Far East, Siberia
63. Adenophora tuvinica Template:Small – Tuva
64. Adenophora uryuensis Template:Small – Hokkaido
65. Adenophora wilsonii Template:Small – Chongqing, Gansu, Guizhou, Hubei, Shaanxi, Sichuan
66. Adenophora wulingshanica Template:Small – Beijing
67. Adenophora xiaoxiensis Template:Small – Hunan
68. Adenophora xifengensis Template:Small – Gansu

Uses

Many Adenophora species have been used in traditional Chinese medicine.<ref name=you>YouLi, H. (2010). Resource and utilization of medicinal plant of the genus Adenophora in Qinling Mountains. Medicinal Plant 1(12) 3-6.</ref>