Aeroperú
Template:Short description Template:Distinguish Template:Infobox airline
Empresa de Transporte Aéreo del Perú S.A. branded as Aeroperú, was a Peruvian airline, serving as flag carrier of Peru from 1973 to 1999. The company was headquartered in Lima, with the city's Jorge Chávez International Airport serving as its primary hub. Besides an extensive domestic route network, Aeroperú offered international flights to destinations in Latin America and the United States of America. The company had around 1,500 employees. It ceased operations in 1999, with LAN Perú being its successor as flag carrier.
History
Aeroperú was formed on May 22, 1973, following the reorganization of SATCO,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> an earlier airline founded on 1960 and controlled by the Peruvian Army. Initially, a wholly state-owned company with a fleet of three Fokker F28 Fellowships taken over from SATCO, commercial flights were commenced in October on the Lima-Cusco route. Soon, a Boeing 727 joined the fleet, and the airline placed an order for two new Fokker F27 Friendships. In 1974, two Douglas DC-8s were acquired from Viasa, which allowed the company to launch international flights.
The inaugural international flight to Buenos Aires took place on 29 July 1974, soon followed by a scheduled service to Miami. By 1978, the Aeroperú network had grown to include many Latin American destinations, and also the US cities of New York and Los Angeles due to their large Latino populations.<ref>Template:Cite thesis</ref> In July 1981, Aeroperú was gradually privatized, with the Peruvian government keeping a 20% minority share.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> In 1982, plans were made for a merger with Faucett Perú, the other large Peruvian passenger airline at that time. As a preparatory measure, redundancies in the route networks of the two airlines were eliminated, to which end Aeroperú suspended flights to a number of destinations,<ref name=fiPeru82>Template:Cite news</ref> including Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, New York City and Los Angeles.<ref name=fi82>Template:Cite news</ref> No further steps were taken towards merging the two airlines, and so in 1983 flights to several destinations recommenced.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> A bilateral air traffic agreement between Peru and the United States expired on 11 November 1983. Because of disagreements over the granting of fifth freedom rights, all flights between the two countries were suspended in May 1984<ref name=fiDispute85>Template:Cite news</ref> until mid-1985, which affected Aeroperú's Lima-Miami route. In 1993, Aeroméxico acquired 70% of the shares worth $54 million, thus making Aeroperú its subsidiary.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Subsequently, two Boeing 757-200s were transferred, allowing Aeroperú to replace their ageing DC-8s. In 1996, 47% of Aeroperú was transferred to Cintra, the parent company of Aeroméxico and Mexicana de Aviación.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In 1998, Delta Air Lines became a major shareholder of Aeroperú, when they acquired a 35% stake in the airline.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The agreement saw Cintra reducing their share to an equal 35%.<ref name=fi_shutdown>Template:Cite news</ref>
Aeroperú was forced to suspend all flight operations on March 10, 1999.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> According to general director Jaan Albrecht, Aeroperu's debt by 1999 had reached $174 million, while the airline's tangible assets were worth only $50 million.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Several plans for a relaunch were made, which included a possible buy-in of Continental Airlines or a takeover by a group of foreign investors.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> None of these materialized, and Aeroperú was liquidated on August 18, 1999.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Most of its route network as well as the role of Peruvian flag carrier was taken over by newly founded LAN Perú.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
Destinations
With Jorge Chavez International Airport being its most important hub, Aeroperú maintained an extensive domestic route network. International flights were offered to a number of cities in Latin America, as well as the United States.
Fleet
Over the years, Aeroperú operated the following aircraft types:<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
| Aircraft | Total | Introduced | Retired | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Boeing 727-100 | 8 | 1974 | 1998 | |
| Boeing 727-200 | 9 | 1993 | 1999 | |
| Boeing 737-200 | 4 | 1998 | 1999 | |
| Boeing 757-200 | 4 | 1994 | 1999 | One Destroyed In Flight 603 |
| Boeing 767-200 | 1 | 1990 | 1990 | Leased from Britannia Airways |
| Douglas C-47 Skytrain | 3 | 1973 | Template:Unknown | |
| Douglas DC-8-43 | 1 | 1978 | 1978 | Leased from Air Jamaica |
| Douglas DC-8-51 | 3 | 1976 | 1981 | |
| Douglas DC-8-53 | 3 | 1974 | 1976 | |
| Douglas DC-8-61 | 1 | 1992 | 1994 | |
| Douglas DC-8-62H | 5 | 1988 | 1994 | |
| Douglas DC-8-63 | 1 | 1990 | 1992 | |
| Fokker F-27 Friendship | 3 | 1974 | 1984 | |
| Fokker F-28 Fellowship | 4 | 1973 | 1998 | |
| McDonnell Douglas DC-10-15 | 3 | 1993 | 1997 | Leased from Mexicana de Aviación |
| McDonnell Douglas DC-10-30 | 1 | 1994 | 1995 | Leased from Canadian Airlines |
| Lockheed L-1011 Tristar | 2 | 1978 | 1982 | Leased from Lockheed Corporation |
| 1 | 1991 | 1992 | Jointly operated by Faucett Perú |
Accidents and incidents
- On October 25, 1988, in Aeroperú Flight 772, a Fokker F28 Fellowship (registered OB-R-1020) took off at Inca Manco Cápac International Airport for a domestic flight to Arequipa, but failed to obtain any substantial height. Subsequently, the aircraft hit the ground and broke up. 11 of the 65 passengers on board were killed, as well as one crew member.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
- On October 2, 1996, at 01:11 local time, Aeroperú Flight 603, a Boeing 757-200 (registered N52AW) was en route from Lima to Santiago de Chile crashed into the Pacific Ocean. All 70 people on board died in the crash. Investigators revealed that during earlier maintenance work, a protective tape covering the static ports of the airplane had not been removed, which resulted in critical readings blocked to the pilots during the accident flight.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> It was the deadlliest accident of Aeroperu.