Agnes Mary Clerke

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Agnes Mary Clerke (10 February 1842 – 20 January 1907) was an Irish astronomer and writer. She was born in Skibbereen, County Cork, Ireland, and died in London.<ref>For details of the life and work of Agnes Clerk, see:

Family

Agnes Clerke was the daughter of John William Clerke (c. 1814–1890) who was, at the time, a bank manager in Skibbereen,<ref name=":0">Template:MacTutor</ref> and his wife Catherine Mary Deasy (born circa 1819) whose father was a judge's registrar.<ref name="obit">Template:Cite news</ref><ref>England 1871 census Class: RG10; Piece: 870; Folio: 118; Page: 24; GSU roll: 827769.</ref> She had two siblings; her older sister, Ellen Mary (1840-1906) and her younger brother, Aubrey St. John (1843-1923).<ref name="Routledge: New York and London">Template:Cite book</ref> Her elder sister Ellen also wrote about astronomy.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> All of the Clerke children were entirely home schooled.<ref name="Routledge: New York and London"/>

Catherine Clerke was educated at the Ursuline Convent school, and therefore placed a great deal of importance on the education of young girls.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Life and work

Following in her father's footsteps—while studying classics, he had also taken courses in astronomy—she developed an interest in astronomy from an early age. Using her father's 4-inch telescope in her observations, she had begun to write a history of astronomy at the age of 15.<ref name=":0" />

In 1861, aged 19, her family moved to Dublin, and in 1863 to Queenstown (present-day Cobh). At the age of 25, partly for health reasons<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> together with her elder sister Ellen, she went to Italy where she stayed until 1877, chiefly at Florence, studying science, languages, and other subjects that would be useful in their later lives. In 1877, she settled in London.<ref name=":0" />

Upon her return, she was able to get two articles written while she had been in Italy, "Brigandage in Sicily" and "Copernicus in Italy", published in the Edinburgh Review of October 1877. This led to her being asked by Adam and Charles Black, publishers of the Review, who also published the Encyclopædia Britannica, to write biographies of a number of famous scientists for the ninth edition of the encyclopedia.<ref name="eb">Important Contributors to the Britannica, 9th and 10th Editions Important Contributors to the Britannica, 9th and 10th Editions, 1902encyclopedia.com. Retrieved 16 April 2017.</ref>

This led to a number of other commissions, including the publication of the article on astronomy for the Catholic Encyclopedia.<ref name=":0" />

During her career she wrote reviews of many books, including some written in French, German, Greek, or Italian.<ref name=DictEntry>Template:Cite book</ref> In 1885, she published her best known work, A Popular History of Astronomy during the Nineteenth Century.<ref name=":0" /> This book became commonly used for its discussion of the spectroscope.<ref name=":1">Template:Cite book</ref>

In 1888 she spent three months at the observatory at the Cape of Good Hope.<ref name=":1" />

In the autumn of 1890, Clerke and her brother Aubrey were founding members of the British Astronomical Association.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

In 1893, Clerke was awarded the Actonian Prize of 100 guineas by the Royal Institution. As a member of the British Astronomical Association she attended its meetings regularly, as well as those of the Royal Astronomical Society. In 1903, with Margaret Lindsay Huggins, she was elected an honorary member of the Royal Astronomical Society, a rank previously held only by three other women, Caroline Herschel and Mary Somerville (in 1835), and Anne Sheepshanks (in 1862).<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>

She died of pneumonia in 1907 at her home in South Kensington.<ref name=":1" />

Personal life

Agnes and Ellen were devout Catholics all their lives. Neither ever married.<ref>The Messenger Monthly Magazine 1907</ref>

Legacy

The lunar crater Clerke is named after her.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

In 2002, Mary Brück wrote Agnes Mary Clerke and the Rise of Astrophysics.<ref name="bruck_agnesclerke">Template:Cite book</ref>

In 2017, the Royal Astronomical Society established the Agnes Clerke Medal for the History of Astronomy or Geophysics, which is awarded to individuals who have achieved outstanding research into the history of astronomy or geophysics.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> The first recipient was Clive Ruggles.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

In 2022 Jessie Kennedy and the Celestial Quartet performed a concert in Skibbereen in honour of Clerke. The performance included songs specially composed by Jessie Kennedy and by Tess Leak, using words of Agnes and her sister, Ellen, and a cello trio, the Agnes Clerke Cello Trio, composed by Diana Llewellyn.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Selected writings

She also wrote 55 articles for the Edinburgh Review, mainly on subjects connected with astrophysics, and articles for the Dictionary of National Biography, the Encyclopædia Britannica and the Catholic Encyclopedia, and several other periodicals. Her articles in the ninth edition (1875–89) of the Britannica included Galileo Galilei, Alexander von Humboldt, Johannes Kepler, Antoine Lavoisier and the zodiac.<ref name="eb" />

References

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Further reading

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