Ahjumawi Lava Springs State Park

Ahjumawi Lava Springs State Park is a state park of California in the United States. It is located in remote northeastern Shasta County and is only accessible to the public by boat.<ref name="ca">Ahjumawi Lava Springs State Park. California Department of Parks & Recreation.</ref>

The park is Template:Convert in length and no more than Template:Convert wide, and has over Template:Convert of shoreline. It preserves a wilderness of freshwater springs and geologically recent lava flows. Waterways include the Fall River and associated creeks and lakes. The shoreline has blue bays and tree-studded islets along its length. Near the springs are the remains of fish traps built by Native Californian tribes such as the Achomawi, for whom the park is named. Low rock walls enclose shallow pools where they captured sucker and trout.<ref name="bro">Brochure: Ahjumawi Lava Springs State Park.Template:Dead link California Department of Parks & Recreation.</ref> About two thirds of the park's Template:Convert is covered by jagged black basalt deposited in lava flows within the last two to five thousand years.<ref name=bro/>

The state of California acquired the land from private owners in 1975.<ref name=bro/>

History

Pacific Gas & Electric owned large tracts of the local swampland. Much of the shoreline of the park is on Big Lake, which was created when levees and canals were installed. A muskrat farm was operated there until the 1930s. Muskrats can still be seen in the local marshes. The non-native species is notorious for altering wetland habitat, increasing the likelihood of floods.<ref name="sf">Fimrite, P. Pristine PG&E areas in Shasta to go public. San Francisco Chronicle. October 19, 2008.</ref>

Visiting the park

There are no public roads leading to the park. Private motor vehicles are prohibited within. Visitors can launch boats into Big Lake at a Pacific Gas & Electric (PG&E) public boat launch known as Rat Farm.<ref name=ca/>

There are three basic campsites. Visitors can traverse narrow waterways in canoes or kayaks. There are about 20 miles of hiking trails. Fishing is allowed but hunting is prohibited.<ref name=bro/>

Native Americans

File:Rockwalls.jpg

Ahjumawi fish traps showing inner chambers

The name of the park honors the Achomawi (also spelled Ajumawi, Achumawi, and Ahjumawi) whose name translates to "where the waters come together". The park is situated at the confluence of the Fall River, a tributary of the Pit River, with several smaller creeks and streams. The Achomawi are one of eleven bands of the Pit River Tribe of native peoples.<ref name=bro/> These resident people tended the local waterways, monitoring spawning beds and limiting their catches to conserve populations of the fish they used for food. The Achomawi still live in the area.<ref name=bro/>

Natural history

The park sits on "one of the nation's largest systems of underwater springs."<ref name=bro/> They produce some Template:Convert of fresh water per day into the aboveground waterways.<ref name=bro/> Water in the springs originate as snowmelt from the Medicine Lake Volcano highlands.<ref>Palmer, P. C., et al. (2007). Isotopic characterization of three groundwater recharge sources and inferences for selected aquifers in the upper Klamath Basin of Oregon and California, USA. Journal of Hydrology 336, 17–29.</ref><ref>Mariner, R. H., et al. (1998). Preliminary chemical and isotopic data for waters from springs and wells on and near Medicine Lake Volcano, Cascade Range, northern California. USGS Open-File Report: 98-2.</ref><ref>Davisson, M. L. and Rose, T. P. (2014) Recharge and Flow in the Medicine Lake Volcano–Fall River Springs Groundwater Basin, California. [1] Environmental Forensics 15, 66–77.</ref>

The park is in an area where the Modoc Plateau transitions to a more coastal bioregion. The former region was formed by volcanic activity and has many associated geological features, such as lava tubes and craters that fill with spring water.<ref name=bro/>

The local flora includes pines, ceanothus, western juniper, birchleaf and curlleaf mountain mahogany, and Garry oak.<ref name=bro/> Birds in the area include Canada geese, snow geese, American white pelicans, blue-winged teal, Lewis's woodpeckers, northern pygmy owls, and ospreys. Other animals include black-tailed deer and coyotes.<ref name=bro/>

Further reading

• Evans, N. H. (1990). Traditions of sucker exploitation in the Pit River System: An Ajumawi example. Journal of California and Great Basin Anthropology 12(1), 48–59.

External links

• Ahjumawi Lava Springs. Underwater Science. Indiana University.