Al-Qubayba, Hebron

From Vero - Wikipedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search

Template:About Template:Pp-extended Template:Infobox settlement

Al-Qubayba (Template:Langx), also known as Gbebah, Qubeiba or Qobebet Ibn 'Awwad,<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> was a Palestinian village, located 24 kilometers northwest of Hebron.

Name

The eponym of the village, "Ibn 'Awwad" or "Ibn 'Awadh", was named after the clan residing therein.<ref name=":0" /><ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

History

Known in Crusader times as Deirelcobebe, the ruins of the ancient Canaanite and Judean city of Lachish lay adjacent to the village,Template:Sfn<ref>Dauphin, 1998, p. 880</ref><ref name=King>Template:Cite journal</ref> which was subject to extensive archaeological excavations by the British Mandatory authorities in Palestine, and by Israeli authorities subsequent to its capture during the 1948 Arab-Israeli war.<ref name=PR>Template:Cite web</ref>

In 1136 the King of Jerusalem, Fulk confirmed Deirelcobebe as a casale under the Knights Hospitallers.<ref>Röhricht, 1893, #164, pp. 40-41</ref><ref>Delaville Le Roulx, 1894, vol I, p. 98</ref>

Ottoman Empire

In 1517, Al-Qubayba was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire with the rest of Palestine, and in 1596 it appeared in the tax registers as being in the nahiya (subdistrict) of Gaza under the liwa' (district) of Gaza. It had a population of 33 Muslim household, an estimated 182 persons. They paid a fixed tax-rate of 25 % on agricultural products, including wheat, barley, sesame, and fruit trees, as well as goats and beehives; a total of 4,600 akçe. 11/24 of the revenue went to a Waqf.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn

In 1838 Edward Robinson noted 200 reapers and gleaners at work in a field near Al-Qubayba (which he called Kubeibeh). He added: "Some were taking their refreshment, and offered us some of their "parched corn." In the season of harvest, the grains of wheat, not yet fully dry and hard, are roasted in a pan or an iron plate, and constitute a very palliative article of bread; this is eaten along with bread, or instead of it."<ref>Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 2, p. 394</ref> Robinson further noted Kubeibeh as a Muslim village, in the Gaza district.<ref name=Robinsonp119>Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 3, Appendix 2, p. 119</ref>

In 1883, the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine described Al-Qubayba as a large village built of adobe brick, situated on rolling hills near a plain, surrounded by a barren and stony area.Template:Sfn<ref>Conder and Kitchener, 1883, SWP III, p. 258</ref>

British Mandate

In the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Al-Qubaiba had a population of 646, all Muslims,<ref name=Barron10>Barron, 1923, Table V, Sub-district of Hebron, p. 10</ref> increasing in the 1931 census to 800, still all Muslim, in a total of 141 houses.<ref name="Census1931">Mills, 1932, p. 33</ref>

The village had a school, a mosque, and a number of small shops. Two wells located northwest and southwest of it provided drinking water.Template:Sfn

el Qubeiba 1945 1:250,000

In the 1945 statistics the population of Al-Qubayba was 1,060, all Muslims,<ref name=1945p23/> who owned 11,912 dunams of land according to an official land and population survey.<ref name=Hadawi50/> 8109 dunams were for cereals<ref>Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 93 Template:Webarchive</ref> while 35 dunams were built-up (urban) land.<ref>Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 143 Template:Webarchive</ref>

el Qubeiba 1947 1:20,000

Al-Qubayba was in the territory allotted to the Arab state under the 1947 UN Partition Plan.<ref name="UN">Template:Cite web</ref>

Israel

The village was first attacked during Operation Barak. Though defended by Egyptian forces, al-Qubayba was taken by Israeli forces in the final stages of Operation Yoav on 28 October 1948. The population had fled and the village was destroyed.

The area was subsequently incorporated into the State of Israel and in 1955 the moshav of Lakhish was established to the southwest of the village site on what had been village lands.Template:Sfn

Of the village mosque, an elementary school, and more than 141 houses that made up al-Qubayba, Walid Khalidi notes that all that remains to mark the site in contemporary times are cacti and a handful of olive trees.<ref name=PR/>

Culture and village life

The inhabitants of the village mostly grew cereals; wheat and barley were grown by the well off, and corn by the rest. The village mostly bartered with surrounding villages such as Al-Dawayima and Beit Gibrin, most of the cereals harvest was used to sustain sheep herds, from where in most of the village income is derived.<ref name=":0">Template:Cite web</ref>

A woman's thob (loose fitting robe with sleeves), from Qubeiba dated to about 1910 forms part of the Museum of International Folk Art (MOIFA) collection at Santa Fe. The dress is a collage of different fabrics, textures and colors. The front and the upper half of the back are of black cotton. The chest panel, the side panels and the lower back of the skirt are handwoven indigo linen. Colorful silk cross-stitch embroidery, in red, violet, orange, yellow, green and black, create an effect described as "particularly gay, twinkling"Template:Sfn The qabbeh (square chest panel) is embroidered with the qurunful ("clove") motif, and it has vertical rows of eight-pointed stars, called qamr ("moons"), and a row of the mushut ("combs") pattern. There are eight embroidered columns on each side panel of the dress. The patterns which are used are fanajin qahweh ("coffee cups"), khem-el-basha ("the pashas tent"), irq el-ward ("rose branch"), and miftah Khalil ("key of Hebron"). There is also a pattern (with flowers, moons, trees, tents and tiles) not seen anywhere else in the MOMA collection. Finally, there is also some embroidery at the wrists.Template:Sfn

See also

References

Template:Reflist

Bibliography

Template:Refbegin

Template:Refend

Template:Palestinian Arab villages depopulated during the 1948 Palestine War

Retrieved from "https://wiki.sarg.dev/index.php?title=Al-Qubayba,_Hebron&oldid=179291"