Alberto Juantorena
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Alberto Juantorena (born 3 December 1950)<ref>Various dates have been given for Juantorena's birth, with 3 December 1950 (The International Who's Who 2004 (Europa Publications) and [1]) or 21 November 1950 (Historical Dictionary of Track and Field (Scarecrow Press, 2012), Top Distance Runners of the Century (Meyer & Meyer Verlag, 2002)) and even 11 November 1950 (Who's Who in the 1984 Olympics (Pelham Books, 1984))</ref> is a Cuban former runner. He is the only athlete to win both the 400 and 800 m Olympic titles, which he achieved in 1976. He was ranked as the world's best runner in the 400 m in 1974 and 1976–1978, and in the 800 m in 1976–77, and was chosen as the Track & Field News Athlete of the Year in 1976 and 1977.<ref name=sr/>
Biography
Early sports activities
As a Template:Convert 14-year-old, Juantorena was first considered a potential star at basketball; he was sent to a state basketball school,<ref name="ssun1"/> and was a member of the national team.<ref name=britannica/> Meanwhile, he had been a regional high-school champion at 800 and 1500 meters.<ref name="book_legends">Sandrock, p. 206</ref> His running talent was discovered by a Polish track coach, Zygmunt Zabierzowski, who convinced him to start running seriously. Juantorena was ready for the change because as he states himself he was a 'bad' basketball player and his idol was the Cuban sprinter Enrique Figuerola.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Only a year later, Juantorena reached the semifinals of the 400 m event at the 1972 Summer Olympics, missing a place in the final by 0.05 seconds.
Juantorena proceeded to win a gold medal at the 1973 World University Games and a silver at the 1975 Pan American Games, both in the 400 meters. He was unbeaten in 1973 and 1974, but underwent two operations on his foot in 1975.<ref name=britannica/> He only seriously took up running the 800 meters in 1976, so few thought he was a candidate for the Olympic gold that year. His coach, Zabierzowski, had initially tricked him into trying an 800 m race by convincing him the other runners needed a pacemaker.<ref>Sandrock, p. 207</ref>
Olympics 1976
Juantorena made it to the 800 m Olympic final, and led the field for most of the race, eventually winning in a world record time of 1:43.50.<ref>Template:YouTube</ref> He was the first non-English speaking athlete to win Olympic gold in this event. Three days later, he also won the 400 meter final, setting a low-altitude world record at 44.26.<ref>Template:YouTube</ref> By winning the 400 meters, he became the first athlete since Paul Pilgrim at the 1906 Intercalated Games to do such a double at an Olympic sports event, and was the only man to do so at an officially recognized Olympics.<ref name="ssun1"/><ref>Alberto Juantorena. Olympic.org. Retrieved on 25 June 2018.</ref>
Subsequent athletics career
In 1977, he set another world record in the 800, running 1:43.44 in Sofia at the World University Games.<ref name=sr>Template:Cite Sports-Reference</ref> He also won both the 400 m and 800 m at the 1977 IAAF World Cup.<ref>Morre, K. (12 September 1977) "The Cup Turned Into a Coup" Template:Webarchive, Sports Illustrated.</ref> The 400 m race was mired in controversy when the race was re-run a day after the initial race, in which Juantorena finished third, because Juantorena lodged a successful protest that his slow start had been due to not being able to hear the starter's gun.<ref>Template:YouTube</ref> The latter race featured an epic duel with his great rival Kenya's Mike Boit, a duel that did not happen at the previous year's Olympics because of the African countries boycott.
Juantorena, now known at home as El Caballo (the horse),<ref name=britannica/> continued his career, although injuries meant he would never reach the same level as in Montreal. Juantorena had been born with flat feet that caused feet and back problems, and he had to have corrective surgery in 1977.<ref name="legends217">Sandrock, p. 217</ref> In 1978 he was unbeaten at the 400 m, but suffered his first ever defeat at 800 meters.<ref name="legends217"/> Injuries, particularly hamstring injuries, hampered his training and racing leading up to the 1980 Moscow Olympics, where he just missed out on a medal in the 400 meters, placing fourth.
At the 1983 World Championships, his last international appearance in a major event, he broke his foot and tore ligaments when he stepped on the inside of the track after qualifying in the first round of the 800 m.<ref>Template:YouTube</ref> He returned to training with a view to competing in the 1984 Summer Olympics. However the 1984 Summer Olympics boycott ended his last chance for competing at Olympics.<ref>Sandrock, p. 218</ref> Instead, he took part in the Friendship Games, the alternative to the official Olympics for the Eastern bloc countries, where he shared the gold medal in the 800 m with Ryszard Ostrowski.
After retirement
After retirement from athletics in 1984, Juantorena has served in many official capacities, including as the Vice President of the National Institute for Sports, Physical Education and Recreation for Cuba,<ref name="ssun1"/> Vice Minister for Sport of Cuba, and vice-president, later Senior Vice-president of the Cuban Olympic Committee. He is a member of the World Athletics Council, and has also served as an Athletes' Commission Chairman and Grand Prix Commission Member.<ref name="iaaf1" />
Personal life
Juantorena was first married in 1972 to Yria, a former gymnast, with whom he had two children;<ref name="ssun1"/> He married twice more before meeting his current wife Yolanda, an employee of Cubana de Aviación. He has seven children in total.<ref name="iaaf1"/> His nephew Osmany Juantorena is a professional volleyball player.<ref name=sr/> In 2021 Juantorena was the subject of a feature documentary Running for the Revolution produced by British filmmaker Mark Craig. https://worldathletics.org/news/news/alberto-juantorena-running-for-the-revolution-film-release
International competitions
1Representing the Americas
2Did not start in the semifinals
Rankings
Juantorena was ranked among the best in the world in both the 400 and 800 m sprint events over the spread of 10 seasons from 1973 to 1982, according to the experts of Track & Field News.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref><ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>
| Year | 400 m | 800 m |
|---|---|---|
| 1973 | 3rd | – |
| 1974 | 1st | – |
| 1975 | 4th | – |
| 1976 | 1st | 1st |
| 1977 | 1st | 1st |
| 1978 | 1st | 6th |
| 1979 | 5th | – |
| 1980 | 10th | – |
| 1981 | – | – |
| 1982 | – | 2nd |
Best performances
| Year | Result | World rank | Location | Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1973<ref>1973 Year Rankings at 400m. Digilander.libero.it. Retrieved on 25 June 2018.</ref> | 45.36 | 6th | Moscow | 18 Aug |
| 1974<ref>1974 Year Rankings at 400m. Digilander.libero.it. Retrieved on 25 June 2018.</ref> | 44.7 | 1st | Turin | 24 Jul |
| 1975<ref>1975 Year Rankings at 400m. Digilander.libero.it. Retrieved on 25 June 2018.</ref> | 44.80 | 2nd | Mexico City | 18 Oct |
| 1976<ref>1976 Year Rankings at 400m. Digilander.libero.it. Retrieved on 25 June 2018.</ref> | 44.26 PB |
1st | Montreal | 29 Jul |
| 1977<ref>1977 Year Rankings at 400m. Digilander.libero.it. Retrieved on 25 June 2018.</ref> | 44.65 | 1st | Havana | 13 Sep |
| 1978<ref>1978 Year Rankings at 400m. Digilander.libero.it. Retrieved on 25 June 2018.</ref> | 44.27 | 1st | Medellin | 16 Jul |
| 1979<ref>1979 Year Rankings at 400m. Digilander.libero.it. Retrieved on 25 June 2018.</ref> | 45.24 | 10th | San Juan | 12 Jul |
| 1980<ref>1980 Year Rankings at 400m. Digilander.libero.it. Retrieved on 25 June 2018.</ref> | 45.09 | 6th | Moscow | 30 Jul |
| 1982 | 45.51 | 25th | Koblenz | 25 Aug |
| Year | Result | World rank | Location | Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1976<ref>1976 Year Rankings at 800m. Digilander.libero.it. Retrieved on 25 June 2018.</ref> | 1.43.50 | 1st | Montreal | 25 Jul |
| 1977<ref>1977 Year Rankings at 800m. Digilander.libero.it. Retrieved on 25 June 2018.</ref> | 1.43.44 PB |
1st | Sofia | 21 Aug |
| 1978<ref>1978 Year Rankings at 800m. Digilander.libero.it. Retrieved on 25 June 2018.</ref> | 1.44.38 | 4th | Cologne | 22 Jun |
| 1979<ref>1979 Year Rankings at 800m. Digilander.libero.it. Retrieved on 25 June 2018.</ref> | 1.46.4 | 24th | San Juan | 9 Jul |
| 1981 | 1.46.0 | 20th | Havana | 4 Jul |
| 1982 | 1.45.15 | 14th | Havana | 11 Aug |
| 1983 | 1.45.04 | 18th | Havana | 17 Jun |
| 1984 | 1.44.88 | 22nd | Florence | 13 Jun |
See also
- A Step Away – Official Documentary of the 1979 Pan American Games.
References
Cited sources
- Sandrock, Michael (1996) Running with the Legends. Human Kinetics. Template:ISBN.
External links
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- 1950 births
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