Amadou

Amadou is a spongy material derived from Fomes fomentarius and similar fungi that grow on the bark of coniferous and angiosperm trees, and have the appearance of a horse's hoof (thus the name "hoof fungus"). It is also known as the "tinder fungus" and is useful for starting slow-burning fires. The fungus must be removed from the tree, the hard outer layer scraped off, and then thin strips of the inner spongy layer cut for use as tinder.

Amadou was a precious resource to ancient people, allowing them to start a fire by catching sparks from flint struck against iron pyrite. Bits of fungus preserved in peat have been discovered at the Mesolithic site of Star Carr in the UK, modified presumably for this purpose. <ref>Robson, H. K. 2018. The Star Carr Fungi. In: Milner, N., Conneller, C. and Taylor, B. (eds.) Star Carr Volume 2: Studies in Technology, Subsistence and Environment, pp. 437–445. York: White Rose University Press. {{#invoke:CS1 identifiers|main|_template=doi}}. Licence: CC BY-NC 4.0</ref> Remarkable evidence for its utility is provided by the discovery of the 5,000-year-old remains of "Ötzi the Iceman", who carried it on a cross-alpine excursion before his death and subsequent ice-entombment.<ref name="Cotter 2015">Template:Cite book</ref>

Amadou has great water-absorbing abilities. It is used in fly fishing for drying out dry flies that have become wet.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref name="reel life">Template:Cite news</ref> Another use is for forming a felt-like fabric used in the making of hats and other items.<ref name="Greenberg 2014">Template:Cite book</ref><ref name="Pegler 2001">Template:Cite journal</ref> It can be used as a kind of artificial leather.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> Mycologist Paul Stamets famously wears a hat made of amadou.<ref>Template:YouTube</ref>

File:Fomes fomentarius.jpg

Fomes fomentarius

Before such uses, amadou needs to be prepared by being pounded flat, and boiled or soaked in a solution of nitreTemplate:Cn. One method of preparation starts by soaking a slice in washing soda for a week, beating it gently from time to time. Following this it is left to dry. The result is initially hard and must be pounded with a blunt object to soften and flatten it.<ref name="reel life"/>

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