Andrey Bogolyubsky
Template:Short description Template:Multiple issues Template:Infobox saint
Andrey I Yuryevich Bogolyubsky (Template:Langx; died 28 June 1174Template:Sfn) was Prince of Vladimir-Suzdal from 1157Template:Sfn until his death. During repeated internecine wars between the princely clans, Andrey accompanied his father Yuri Dolgorukiy during a brief capture of Kiev in 1149. 20 years later, his son led the Sack of Kiev (1169).Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn He was canonized as a saint in the Russian Orthodox Church in 1702.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Biography
According to the Primary Chronicle (PVL), Andrey's parents married on 12 January 1108, as part of a peace agreement between the Rus' and the Cumans (Polovtsi).Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn Andrey's father was Yuri Vladimirovich (Template:Langx), Prince of Rostov and Suzdal commonly known as Yuri Dolgoruki (Template:Langx), a son of Volodimer II Monomakh, progenitor of the Monomakhovichi.Template:Sfn Andrey's mother was an unnamed Cuman princess, a daughter of Aepa son of Osen'.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn From this marriage, Andrey Bogolyubsky was bornTemplate:Sfn in Template:Circa 1111.Template:WhereTemplate:Citation needed Yuri proclaimed Andrey a prince in Vyshgorod (near Kiev).Template:Citation needed
Seizing power (1155–1162)
Andrey left Vyshgorod in 1155 and moved to Vladimir,Template:Sfn a little town on the river Klyazma founded in 1108.Template:Sfn In doing so, he removed the Icon of the Blessed Mother of God from Vyshgorod to Vladimir (thereafter known as the "Virgin of Vladimir"), an action condemned as theft by the Kievan Chronicle, while the Suzdalian Chronicle made no judgement on it.Template:Sfn In 1153 he was the Prince of Murom-Ryazan. After his father's death in 1157, Andrey ousted his younger brothers Mikhail "Mikhalko" Yurievich and Vsevolod "the Big Nest" from Rostov and Suzdal in 1162, thus uniting his father's patrimony in Vladimir-Suzdal under his sole rule (samovlastets).Template:Sfn He expelled his four brothers to the Byzantine Empire together with their mother, Yuri's second wife.Template:Sfn
Andrey establishedTemplate:When? for himself the right to receive tribute from the populations of the Northern Dvina lands.Template:Citation needed
Construction works
Template:See also He commenced the construction of fortifications around the town of Vladimir in 1158Template:Sfn (completed in 1164Template:Sfn), as well as the Dormition Cathedral in Vladimir.Template:Sfn<ref name="Brumfield">Template:Cite book</ref> In 1162 or 1164, Andrey sent an embassy to Constantinople, lobbying for a separate metropolitan see in Vladimir,<ref name="plokhy2021">Template:Cite book</ref> but he was overruled by the patriarch of Constantinople.Template:Sfn Fortifications around Vladimir were completed in 1164.Template:Sfn The same year Andrey attacked the Volga Bolgars;Template:Sfn he won a victory, but according to later traditions, a son was killed in battle, to whose memory he supposedly ordered the construction of the Church of the Intercession on the Nerl in 1165.Template:Sfn<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
Sack of Kiev and brief overlordship (1169–1171)
Template:Further In March 1169 Andrey's troops sacked Kiev, devastating it as never before.Template:Sfn<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Andrey did not take part in the attack; he stayed in Vladimir-Suzdal while his troops sacked the capital.Template:Sfn After plundering the city,<ref>Template:Citation</ref> stealing much religious artwork, many books and valuables and devastating houses and religious buildings alike,Template:Sfn Andrew claimed the title of Grand Prince, although he kept his residence at Vladimir, and emphasized the Byzantine religious heritage of Vladimir to assert Vladimir's prestige and ecclesiastical independence from Kiev.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Andrey had his brother Gleb appointed as prince of Kiev, in an attempt to create a position of overlordship for himself.Template:Sfn This overlordship lasted for less than two years,Template:Sfn ending with Gleb's death on 20 January 1171.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn
Andrey's attempts to control other parts of Kievan Rus' were barely successful either; his Siege of Novgorod (1170) was a failure, and the Suzdalians were defeated.Template:Sfn Although he managed to later blackmail the Novgorodians by imposing a blockade on the trade hub, securing the princehood for his son Yury Bogolyubsky in 1171,Template:Sfn the Novgorodians immediately expelled him upon Andrey's death in June 1174.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn
1171–1173 Kievan succession crisis
Template:Main Gleb's death in 1171 caused another Kievan succession crisis, and Andrey became embroiled in a two-year war to regain control over Kiev.Template:SfnTemplate:SfnTemplate:Sfn When the Rostislavichi of Smolensk and Iziaslavichi of Volhynia jointly secured the throne of Kiev, Andrey assembled another coalition and marched on Vyshhorod in 1173, where the Yurievichi–Olgovichi forces of Suzdalia and Chernigov were utterly defeated.Template:SfnTemplate:SfnTemplate:Sfn
Death
The defeat of Andrey's second coalition at Vyshgorod, the expansion of his princely authority, and his conflicts with the upper nobility, the boyars, gave rise to a conspiracy that resulted in Bogolyubsky's death on the night of 28–29 June 1174, when twenty of them burst into his chambers and slew him in his bed.Template:Sfn
According to the story of Andrey Bogolyubsky's death as recorded in the Kievan Chronicle of the Hypatian Codex (Ipatiev),Template:Sfn and the Radziwiłł Chronicle,<ref name="Runivers">Template:Cite web</ref> his "right hand" was cut offTemplate:Sfn<ref name="Runivers"/> by an assailant called "Peter" (Петръ):
- Kievan Chronicle sub anno 6683 (1175 [sic]): Template:Langx
- Radziwiłł Chronicle sub anno 6683 (1175 [sic]): Template:LangxTemplate:Sfn
However, the Radziwiłł ChronicleTemplate:'s adjoining miniature depicts his assailants cutting off his left arm.<ref name="Runivers"/> Moreover, when Template:Ill examined the exhumed body of Andrey Bogolyubsky in 1965, he "found a lot of cut marks on the left humerus and forearm bones".Template:Sfn A 2009 special historical study by Russian historian A.V. Artcikhovsky (2009) would later confirm Rokhlin's observations.Template:Sfn
Andrey's death triggered the 1174–1177 Suzdalian war of succession.
Descendants
Children:
- A son, Template:Ill, reportedly buried in the Dormition Cathedral of Vladimir on 28 October 1164 (Kievan Chronicle)Template:Sfn or 1165 (Suzdalian Chronicle). According to later traditions, reported by Janet Martin (2007), Iziaslav's death was related to the successful 1164 Suzdalian campaign against Volga Bulgaria, and Andrey supposedly commissioned the construction of the Church of the Intercession on the Nerl to commemorate this son in 1165.Template:Sfn However, this connection is not mentioned in any chronicle until the 16th century; the Nerl church could be as old as 1158; and the Suzdalian Chronicle reports that everyone in Andrey's druzhina, which included Iziaslav, was in good health after the battle (а свою дружину всю сдраву, "and his druzhina all healthy").Template:Cn
- A son, Template:Ill; according to the Kievan Chronicle, he died on 28 March 1172 (incorrectly listed under the year "6681", which corresponds to 1173).Template:Sfn According to Janet Martin (2007), Mstislav's death was related to the ill-fated 1171–1172 Suzdalian winter campaign against Volga Bulgaria.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn The Kievan and Suzdalian Chronicle agree that it was Mstislav Andreevich (Andreevič, Andrejevič) who commanded the Suzdalian-led coalition that sacked Kiev in 1169, and then installed his uncle Gleb (Andrey's brother) as prince of Kiev.Template:Sfn
- A son, Yury Bogolyubsky alias Iurii Andreevich,Template:Sfn born Template:Circa 1160. Prince of Novgorod, 1171–1173.Template:Sfn Briefly the husband of Queen Tamar of Georgia until she divorced him (1185–1188).Template:Citation needed
Legacy
- In the Suzdalian Chronicle, columns 367–369 contain the Short eulogy to Andrey Bogolyubsky.Template:Sfn
- In the Kievan Chronicle, columns 580–595 contain the Long eulogy to Andrey Bogolyubsky,Template:Sfn also known as the Tale About the Slaying of Andrej Bogoljubskij (Povĕst' ob ubienii Andreja [Bogoljubskogo]).Template:Sfn
- The ancient icon, Theotokos of Bogolyubovo, was painted in the 12th century at the request of Andrey Bogolyubsky.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Andrey had the castle, Bogolyubovo, built near Vladimir, and it would become his favorite residenceTemplate:Sfn
- His victory over the Bulgars is remembered yearly during the Honey Feast of the Saviour.Template:Citation needed
References
Bibliography
Primary sources
- Primary Chronicle (PVL; Template:Circa 1110s; oldest copy 1377).
- Kievan Chronicle (Template:Circa 1200; oldest copy Template:Circa 1425)
- (Church Slavonic critical edition) Template:Cite book
- (modern English translation) Template:Cite thesis Template:ProQuest
- (modern Ukrainian translation) Template:Cite book — A modern annotated Ukrainian translation of the Kievan Chronicle based on the Hypatian Codex with comments from the Khlebnikov Codex.
- Radziwiłł Chronicle (Template:Circa 1490s)
Literature
- Template:Cite book
- Template:Cite book
- Paszkiewicz. H. (1954). The Origin of Russia. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
- Review: Template:Cite journal
- Review: Template:Cite journal
- Template:Cite journal Reprinted in Pelenski, The Contest for the Legacy of Kievan RusTemplate:'.
- Template:Cite journal
- Template:Citation
- Template:Cite book (e-book)
External links
- Burial of St Andrew the Prince Orthodox icon and synaxarion
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