Anne de Pisseleu d'Heilly
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Anne de Pisseleu d'Heilly ({{#invoke:IPA|main}}), Duchess of Étampes, (1508Template:Snd1580) was chief mistress of Francis I of France. She became Francis' mistress following his return from captivity in 1526. Anne enriched her family and friends through her courtly influence and after Francis' death was banished from court and temporarily imprisoned in her husband's castle. She would spend her later years ensuring the fortune of her family. Anne died in 1580.
King's mistress
Born in 1508,Template:Sfn Anne was the daughter of Guillaume de Pisseleu, seigneur d'Heilly, a nobleman of Picardy,Template:Sfn and Anne Sanguin.Template:Sfn She came to court before 1522 and was one of the maids-of-honour of Marie of LuxembourgTemplate:Sfn and later Louise of Savoy, Duchess of Angoulême, the mother of Francis I.Template:Sfn Francis made Anne his mistress, probably upon his return from his captivity at Madrid (1526), and soon gave up his long-term mistress, Françoise de Foix, for her.Template:Sfn
Anne was described as being sprightly, pretty, witty and cultured, "the most beautiful among the learned and the most learned among the beautiful".Template:Sfn The liaison received some official recognition when Francis started wearing Anne's colors.Template:Sfn Anne was appointed lady-in-waiting to the new queen, Eleanor of Austria, and later became governess to Francis's two daughters.Template:Sfn She used her influence with Francis to elevate and enrich her family;Template:Sfn her brother, Adrien sieur d'Heilly, was made captain of the Picard legion,Template:Sfn her uncle, Antoine Sanguin, being made Bishop of Orléans in 1533 and a cardinal in 1539;Template:Sfn her three other brothers were made bishops.Template:Sfn In 1534, Francis gave her in marriage to Jean IV de Brosse, whom he created Duke of Étampes.Template:Sfn
Court influence
With the political fall of the Duke of Montmorency in 1540, Anne became all-powerful at court.Template:Sfn Surrounded by those seeking royal favor, she dominated court functions.Template:Sfn Foreign diplomats quickly learned they had to gain Anne's favor for their plans to have any chance in succeeding.Template:Sfn In doing so, she usurped Queen Eleanor's position at court.Template:Sfn Anne later illustrated her political influence by having Admiral Chabot released and returned to court, marrying her sister Louise to Chabot's nephew in the process.Template:Sfn
Despite her capabilities, Anne was of a fickle nature.Template:Sfn In 1545, she tried to discredit Admiral d'Annebault, despite him owing his advancement to her.Template:Sfn When her intrigues were discouraged by Archbishop Tournon, Anne attempted to bring about his fall on a charge of dishonesty.Template:Sfn
The influence of Anne, especially in the last years of Francis' reign, continued to grow.Template:Sfn A staunch Protestant,Template:Sfn she counseled Francis on toleration for Huguenots.Template:Sfn By October 1546, Anne, along with Cardinal du Bellay, was pressuring Francis to break with Rome.Template:Sfn Due to her influence Francis was attending more council meetings, and according to an imperial envoy, Anne was "the real president of the king's most private and intimate council".Template:Sfn
Basking in her success at bringing peace between Francis and Charles at Crepy in 1544, Anne convinced Francis that his son the Dauphin Henry and Diane de Poitiers were working to reinstate Montmorency at court. Francis, so instructed, banished Diane from court.Template:Sfn In response, Henry and his supporters retreated to the chateau of Anet; father and son would not reconcile until 1545.Template:Sfn
Loss of position
Despite having influence at Francis' court, Anne had made many enemies: Henry, his mistress, Diane de Poitiers, and Anne de Montmorency were among them.Template:Sfn Following Francis' death in March 1547, Henry, now king, had Anne dismissed from the court and confiscated her possessions.Template:Sfn By 1548, Anne was facing the threat of trial for heresy.Template:Sfn Henry chose not to pursue this possibly out of respect for his father.Template:Sfn Her husband accused her of theft of his governorship salary and disgracing his family, and had Anne confined temporarily to the castle of La Hardoinaye.Template:Sfn
Anne was still a wealthy woman, having properties in Paris and a capital of 47,615 livres in rentes.Template:Sfn By 1554-55 she was maintaining her niece Jossine de Pisseleu's rights to the Lenoncourt succession from the Guise family.Template:Sfn In March 1560, she gave 114,000 livres to her niece, Diane de Barbançon, for her marriage to Jean de Rohan, baron de Frontenay.Template:Sfn Anne gave 30,000 livres for her nephew Jean d'Heilly's first marriage,Template:Sfn and acted as the intermediary for Jean's second marriage, writing to the lady's ward.Template:Sfn She continued to be involved in the lives of her nieces and nephews into her later years.Template:Sfn
Anne died in 1580.Template:Sfn
References
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