Antennaria alpina

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Antennaria alpina (alpine pussytoes, alpine catsfoot, or alpine everlasting) is a European and North American species of plant in the family Asteraceae. Antennaria alpina is native to mountainous and subarctic regions of Scandinavia, Greenland, Alaska, and the Canadian Arctic, extending south at high altitudes in mountains in the Rocky Mountains south to Montana and Wyoming.<ref>Cody, W. J. 1996. Flora of the Yukon Territory i–xvii, 1–669. NRC Research Press, Ottawa.</ref><ref>Moss, E. H. 1983. Flora of Alberta (ed. 2) i–xii, 1–687. University of Toronto Press, Toronto.</ref>

Description

Antennaria alpina is a perennial, herbaceous plant growing 3 to 18 centimeters tall. The plant spreads by means of stolons that reach between 1 and 7 cm in length.<ref name="Bayer 2020">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> It is a cushion plant, a compact, low-growing, mat-forming plant, with a dense taproot that forms annual growth rings.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

The basal leaves, those attached to the base of the plant, have one prominent vein and are spatulate to oblanceolate in shape, with a length of 6 to 25 millimeters and a width of 2 to 7 mm. The surface of the leaves are green and nearly hairless to gray in color with many hairs, but the undersides are tomentose, white due to a thick covering of woolly hairs. The leaves attached to the stems are even smaller, and narrow like a blade of grass, just 5 to 20 mm long.<ref name="Bayer 2020" />

Each stem is topped with two to seven flowering heads.<ref name="Bayer 2020" /><ref name="Rune" /> They have somewhat black bracts.<ref name="Rune" /> Both the plants in North America and Scandinavia are mostly gynoecious, having almost all seed producing flowers and rarely producing flowers with pollen.<ref name="Bayer 2020" /><ref name="Gibbons">Template:Cite book</ref> It is an apomict, a species that will produce seeds asexually that are genetically identical to the parent.<ref name="Dahl">Template:Cite book</ref> The involucre, the base under a flowering head, is 5–6.5 mm and 4–10 mm for a seed producing flower. They bloom in mid to late summer.<ref name="Bayer 2020" />

Taxonomy

In 1753 Carl Linnaeus described a species he named Gnaphalium alpinum.<ref name="POWO" /> This was moved to Antennaria by Joseph Gaertner, a new genus he created in 1791,<ref>Template:Cite POWO</ref> to give the species its accepted name.<ref name="POWO" /> It is further classified in the large family Asteraceae. According to Plants of the World Online, Antennaria alpina has Template:Table row counter synonyms.<ref name="POWO" />

Table of Synonyms
Name Year Rank Notes
Antennaria alpina var. cana Template:Small 1911 variety = het.
Antennaria alpina subsp. canescens Template:Small 1998 subspecies = het.
Antennaria alpina var. canescens Template:Small 1869 variety = het.
Antennaria alpina var. compacta Template:Small 1968 variety = het.
Antennaria alpina var. glabrata Template:Small 1869 variety = het.
Antennaria alpina var. intermedia Template:Small 1891 variety = het.
Antennaria alpina f. latifolia Template:Small 1927 form = het.
Antennaria alpina var. ramosissima Template:Small 1887 variety = het.
Antennaria alpina var. stolonifera Template:Small 1968 variety = het.
Antennaria alpina var. typica Template:Small 1924 variety = het., not validly publ.
Antennaria alpina var. ungavensis Template:Small 1916 variety = het.
Antennaria arenicola Template:Small 1934 species = het.
Antennaria atriceps Template:Small 1934 species = het.
Antennaria bayardii Template:Small 1933 species = het.
Antennaria borealis Template:Small 1899 species = het.
Antennaria brunnescens Template:Small 1933 species = het.
Antennaria cana Template:Small 1916 species = het.
Antennaria canescens f. fastigiata Template:Small 1963 form = het.
Antennaria canescens var. pseudoporsildii Template:Small 1963 variety = het.
Antennaria columnaris Template:Small 1933 species = het.
Antennaria compacta Template:Small 1934 species = het.
Antennaria confusa Template:Small 1933 species = het.
Antennaria crymophila Template:Small 1943 species = het.
Antennaria foggii Template:Small 1933 species = het.
Antennaria friesiana subsp. compacta Template:Small 1968 subspecies = het.
Antennaria glabrata Template:Small 1898 species = het.
Antennaria glabrata f. ramosa Template:Small 1926 form = het.
Antennaria intermedia Template:Small 1914 species = het.
Antennaria labradorica Template:Small 1841 species = het.
Antennaria lapponica Template:Small 1950 species = het.
Antennaria longii Template:Small 1927 species = het.
Antennaria media subsp. compacta Template:Small 1997 subspecies = het.
Antennaria pallida Template:Small 1901 species = het.
Antennaria pedunculata Template:Small 1950 species = het.
Antennaria porsildii f. roseola Template:Small 1927 form = het.
Antennaria stolonifera Template:Small 1950 species = het.
Antennaria ungavensis Template:Small 1934 species = het.
Antennaria vexillifera Template:Small 1924 species = het.
Antennaria wiegandii Template:Small 1927 species = het.
Chamaezelum alpinum Template:Small 1829 species = het.
Gnaphalium alpinum Template:Small 1753 species ≡ hom.
Gnaphalium alpinum var. elatius Template:Small 1829 variety = het.
Gnaphalium dioicum var. alpicola Template:Small 1820 variety = het.
Gnaphalium monanthon Template:Small 1838 species = het.
Gnaphalium uniflorum Template:Small 1838 species = het., not validly publ.
Silene venosa proles maritima Template:Small 1911 proles = het.
Silene venosa subsp. alpina Template:Small 1877 subspecies = het.
Silene venosa var. maritima Template:Small 1914 variety = het.
Silene vulgaris subsp. alpina Template:Small 1878 subspecies = het.
Silene vulgaris subsp. cratericola Template:Small 1971 subspecies = het.
Silene vulgaris subsp. maritima Template:Small 1961 subspecies = het.
Silene vulgaris subsp. thorei Template:Small 1964 subspecies = het.
Silene willdenowii Template:Small 1949 species = het.
Viscago maritima Template:Small 1796 species = het.
Wahlbergella uniflora Template:Small 1843 species = het.
Notes: ≡ homotypic synonym; = heterotypic synonym

Names

Antennaria alpina is know by the common names alpine pussytoes,<ref name="NRCS">Template:PLANTS</ref> alpine catsfoot,<ref name="Rune">Template:Cite book</ref> or alpine everlasting.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Range and habitat

Alpine pussytoes are limited to alpine and boreal habitats.<ref name="Dahl" /> In Europe it is native to Norway, Sweden, Finland, and northern parts of European Russia.<ref name="POWO" /> It grows in the mountains of Sweden and Norway in the south and towards the North Sea coast further to the north.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> In Asia it grows in the botanical area of the Magadan Oblast which also includes the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug at the far eastern tip of Russia.<ref name="POWO" />

In North America it is found in Alaska and the three nortnern territories of Canda. Further south it grows in both Alberta and British Columbia in the west and parts of Ontario, Québec, Labrador, and Newfoundland in the east. In the contiguious US it only grows in Montana and Wyoming.<ref name="POWO" /> The Natural Resources Conservation Service database only records it in six scattered counties in Montana.<ref name="NRCS" /> On Greenland it is a common plant found as far north at 75°23' N in the west and to 74°50' N in the east.<ref name="Rune" /> It grows at elevations between 100 and 2400 meters.<ref name="Bayer 2020" />

It grows in dry to moist tundra and alpine tundra.<ref name="Bayer 2020" />

References

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