Anthem of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic
Template:Short description Template:Infobox anthem Template:Listen The State Anthem of the Ukrainian SSRTemplate:Efn was the Soviet republican anthem of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, one of the republics of the Soviet Union.
It has been banned in Ukraine since 2015 due to decommunization laws.
The same melody was used for the anthem of Novorossiya, a self-proclaimed unrecognized confederation in southeastern Ukraine, entitled "Live, New Russia!" (Russian: Живи, Новороссия!").<ref>Template:Citation</ref> The song is sung in both Russian and Ukrainian, with the first and third stanzas sung in Russian and the second stanza in Ukrainian.
Background
The Ukrainian People's Republic had instituted "Shche ne vmerla Ukrainy i slava, i volia" as its anthem in 1917. It was banned when the Russian and Ukrainian Bolsheviks took control of Ukraine in 1920 and created the USSR in 1922. But they did not see any need for a Ukrainian anthem until the 1940s.
The idea of creating the anthem arose in context with introduction of the Ukrainian SSR to the United Nations organization, the creation of which was discussed at the 1943 Teheran Conference.<ref name="mw030328">Vladyslav and Liudmyla Hrynevych. The state anthems of the Soviet Union and the Ukrainian SSR: what ideological heritage we are renouncing (ДЕРЖАВНІ ГІМНИ СРСР ТА УРСР: ВІД ЯКОЇ ІДЕОЛОГІЧНОЇ СПАДЩИНИ МИ ВІДМОВЛЯЄМОСЯ). Mirror Weekly. 28 March 2003 Template:In lang
ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЕ ГИМНЫ СССР И УССР: ОТ КАКОГО ИДЕОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО НАСЛЕДИЯ МЫ ОТКАЗЫВАЕМСЯ. Template:In lang</ref> In order to receive extra votes in the United Nations, Stalin came up with the idea to add two union republics – Ukraine and Belarus – which had to be portrayed as fully sovereign republics.<ref name="mw030328" /> In relation to that about a month later on 28 January – 1 February 1944 in Moscow was convened the 10th session of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union which adapted laws about creation of key people's commissariats (ministries) in union republics such as defense and foreign affairs.<ref name="mw030328" /> Already on 3 February 1944 the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet issued its Ukase "About state anthems of Soviet republics", according to which all union republics were obligated to adopt own anthems.<ref name="mw030328" />
In spring of 1944 in Kiev was established a commission in preparation of anthem draft, which was headed by director of the Agitation and Propaganda section of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine Konstantin Litvin.<ref name=mw030328/>Template:Efn The Ukrainian poets who participated in contest were given quite responsible and "delicate" task to create such "main song of Ukraine" that in all and completely would "fit" into the politically ideological context of the All-Union anthem ("State Anthem of the Soviet Union") and at the same time reflect the Ukrainian national characteristics.<ref name=mw030328/>
The leitmotif or motto-theme of practically all variants of the Ukrainian anthem lyrics submitted at the contest became glorification of the "older brother – the Great Russian people"Template:Efn and the "leader of all nations Joseph Stalin".<ref name=mw030328/> Among such variants were examples that began with the following leading lines:<ref name=mw030328/>
- "In fraternal unity of Slavic nations our first brother is the people of Russia"
- "Russia is our freedom and glory that united our nation and our land bloomed"
- "Be glorious in the heart of Ukraine, the great friend, our Russian brother"
The authors were offering to implement into the anthem lines that would call Ukrainians "to live under the sun of the Kremlin and Moscow", "follow the freedom road under the stars of friendship, the stars of Moscow",Template:Efn to glorify "in the heart of Ukraine, the great friend, our Russian brother" and so on.<ref name=mw030328/> In regards to Joseph Stalin, the creative fantasy of anthem writers had no limits indeed.<ref name=mw030328/> Stalin was named as the Sun, the Dawn, the Father of Ukraine (e.g. "Two suns you have one in the Kremlin, another burns in the blue sky").<ref name=mw030328/> There were numerous versions that were submitted, but never adopted during the still ongoing war.<ref name=mw030328/> Finally in 1949 due to certain awkwardness in the United Nations, there arose the issue to make changes to the Ukrainian state symbols, so there was finally adopted the new State Emblem and State Flag of the Ukrainian SSR.<ref name=mw030328/>
The authors of lyrics of the State Anthem of the Ukrainian SSR became prominent Soviet Ukrainian poets Pavlo Tychyna and Mykola Bazhan,Template:Efn while the music was written by a creative team led by Soviet composer Anton Lebedynets.<ref name=mw030328/> The text body of the "main Ukrainian patriotic song", completely "fitted" into the ideological context of the All-Union anthem by glorifying the Soviet Union, in which the united Ukraine "found its happiness", "as a flower has blossomed", the Russian people who "in struggle for the fate of our nation was always our friend and brother", as well as the leaders like Lenin who "illuminated us the path to freedom" and Stalin who "leads us to the illustrious heights".<ref name=mw030328/>
When Stalin died in 1953, during the process of de-Stalinization, the State Anthems were muted by Nikita Khrushchev along with the Ukrainian SSR.Template:Citation needed In 1977, the Soviet Union adopted a new constitution and lyrics of the National Anthem, all its Socialist Republics followed the same path.
The fact that in the Soviet Ukrainian anthem the manifestation of national patriotic sentiments was transmitted through demonstration of loyalty to another nation undoubtedly could be considered the most fascinating paradox of the Soviet Ukrainian authorship of anthem.<ref name=mw030328/> However that paradox was completely natural as the anthem of the UkrSSR was a real visiting card of the Ukrainian Soviet puppet statehood.<ref name=mw030328/> Such it remained and after the implemented respective corrections in it in 1958 following the All-Union parenting model.<ref name=mw030328/>
The music was composed by Anton Dmytrovych Lebedynets, and the words were written by Pavlo Tychyna. In 1958, the second stanza of the lyrics was changed by Mykola Bazhan to remove mentions of Joseph Stalin; the new third stanza omitted reference to the “people’s sword of righteous anger” and added a new reference to “Lenin’s party” (the Communist Party of the Soviet Union) while retaining the one to communism itself. The anthem of the USSR was also played during nearly all official events in Ukraine.
On 15 January 1992, the Presidium of Verkhovna Rada issue its ukase stating that the Anthem of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic loses its status and starting with 16 January 1992 it is replaced with the earlier anthem "Shche ne vmerla Ukrainy i slava, i volia".
In 2002 there was an attempt to reintroduce the Ukrainian Soviet anthem with a changed text edited by Mykhailo Tush.<ref name=ukrpravda020822>Wordless independence (Бессловесная независимость). Ukrainska Pravda. 22 August 2002.</ref> Previously, the Soviet anthems were already revived in the Russian Federation and Belarus.<ref name=ukrpravda020822/> Another attempt took place in 2010, in which the Luhansk wing of the Communist Party of Ukraine held a competition for new lyrics, which was won by Igor Ortsev from Luhansk.<ref>Andriy Kuznetsov. After the billboards with Lenin and Stalin, the Luhansk communists are rewriting the Ukrainian anthem (Після білбордів із Леніним і Сталіним луганські комуністи переписують гімн України). Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 5 July 2010</ref>
Since 2015, performance of this song is prohibited in Ukraine and offenders may be subject to up to five years of imprisonment for "Propaganda of the Soviet totalitarian symbols".<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> It is used, like other pieces of nostalgia to the Soviet Union, by collaborators in Russian-held areas in southeastern parts of the country.
Lyrics
Original version (1949–1978)
| Ukrainian original<ref>Template:Citation</ref> | Ukrainian Latin alphabet | IPA transcriptionTemplate:Efn | English translation |
|---|---|---|---|
| lang}}</poem> | <poem>Template:Transliteration</poem> | main}}</poem> | <poem>I
Live, Ukraine, beautiful and strong, You found happiness in the Soviet Union. Equal amid the equal, free amid the free, Under the sun of freedom, you bloomed like a flower. Template:Small Glory to the Soviet Union, glory! Glory to the Fatherland of brotherly nations! Live, Ukraine, a Soviet nation, As a reunited country forever and ever! II Always in a battle for the fate of the people, The Russian people were our brothers and friends. And Lenin illuminated our path to freedom, And Stalin leadeth us to bright heights. III Our foes’ forays we shall expunge With the sacred sword of our people's rage! Under the Soviet flag potent, we’ve become, And loyal we go in the world of Communism! Template:Small</poem> |
1978–1991 version
| Ukrainian original<ref>Template:Citation</ref> | Ukrainian Latin alphabet | IPA transcriptionTemplate:Efn | English translation |
|---|---|---|---|
| lang}}</poem> | <poem>Template:Transliteration</poem> | main}}</poem> | <poem>I
Live, Ukraine, beautiful and strong, You found happiness in the Soviet Union. Equal amid the equal, free amid the free, Under the sun of freedom, you bloomed like a flower. Template:Small Glory to the Soviet Union, glory! Glory to the Fatherland forever and ever Live, Ukraine, a Soviet nation, In a united family of brotherly nations! II Always in a battle for the fate of the people, The Russian people were our brothers and friends. Lenin led us on a victorious campaign Under the flag of October to brilliant heights. III We glorify the mighty Fatherland through labor, Affirming the truth of our immortal idea. In the world of communism there is a great future, The Party of Lenin leads us wisely! Template:Small</poem> |
2010 proposal
Ukrainian version
The following are the lyrics by Igor Ortsev chosen in the competition held by the Luhansk wing of the Communist Party of Ukraine in 2010.<ref name=":0">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name=":1">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
| Ukrainian original<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> | Ukrainian Latin alphabet | English translation |
|---|---|---|
| lang}}</poem> | <poem>Template:Transliteration</poem> | <poem>I
Live Ukraine, beautiful and strong, Happiness has been given to us forever and ever. From the people's will you became united, Under the sun of freedom, you bloomed as a flower. Template:Small Glory to the great people, glory! Master of destiny in his native land! Live independently, mighty State, Live, Ukraine, we are your children! II We are together forever from the Black Sea, To the grey Carpathians and Donbas steppes. And fills our hearts with love, The majesty of the Holy Dnieper shores. III We glorify our country with labour, For honour and freedom, we will give our lives! And we sacredly believe in our Homeland, We will pass on this faith to our descendants! Template:Small</poem> |
Russian version
The Communist Party of Ukraine has also released a version of the proposed anthem, in Russian.<ref>KPU Proposed Anthem of Ukraine (2010) Russian Version. YouTube. 2022-08-26.</ref>
| Russian original | Russian Latin alphabet | English translation |
|---|---|---|
| lang}}</poem> | <poem>Template:Transliteration</poem> | <poem>I
Live Ukraine, beautiful and strong, Forever and ever you are given to us by God. From the people's will you became united, Under the sun of freedom, you bloomed as a flower. Template:Small Glory to the great people, glory! A hardworking and strong family, Live, Ukraine, our native country In a world of love in a peaceful land! II We walked for a long time on the path of history To a bright dream, the happiness of a peaceful people! May our hearts overflow with delight, The victory of holy and immortal ideas! III We glorify our dear homeland with labour, For honour and freedom, we will devote our lives to her! May the path be shown to us, by the star of humanism And the ancestral covenants, that we keep in our hearts! Template:Small </poem> |
See also
Notes
References
External links
- Ukase of the Presidium No. 3178-IX. About the State Anthem of the Ukrainian SSR (Про Державний гімн Української РСР). Verkhovna Rada of the Ukrainian SSR. 22 March 1978.
- Ukase of the Presidium No. 2042-XII. About the State Anthem of Ukraine (Про Державний гімн України). Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. 15 January 1992.
- Why Soviet Ukraine was only a façade of the Soviet Russian occupation of Ukraine (Чому радянська Україна була лише фасадом російсько-радянської окупації України). The Ukrainian Week. 13 December 2012.
- Instrumental recording in MP3 format (Full version)
- Instrumental recording in MP3 format (Short version)
- MIDI-like mp3 file
- Vocal recording in MP3 format
- Lyrics Template:Webarchive, nationalanthems.info
- (1949 version)
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