Ap Lei Chau
Template:Short description Template:Hatnote Template:Use Hong Kong English Template:Use dmy dates Template:Infobox islands Template:Infobox Chinese
Ap Lei Chau or Aberdeen Island is an island of Hong Kong, located off Hong Kong Island next to Aberdeen Harbour and Aberdeen Channel. It has an area of Template:Convert after land reclamation.<ref>Survey and Mapping Office, Lands Department: Hong Kong geographic data sheet</ref> Administratively it is part of the Southern District. Ap Lei Chau is one of the most densely populated islands on earth, as well as the most densely populated island with a population of over 10,000.
In the 2000s, the Guinness World Records called it the world's most densely populated island on their website.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
History
Before the First Opium War, Ap Lei Chau was a small fishing village, with its harbour forming an excellent natural typhoon shelter. The island appears on a Ming-era map<ref>Kuo Fei, Yueh ta-chi, attached Guangdong Coastal Map (《粵大記》海防卷「廣東沿海圖」)</ref> with its primary settlement labelled "Fragrant Harbour Village". Its early phonetic rendering of the Cantonese phrase hēung góng is the probable origin of the name for Hong Kong,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> although the town eventually took the name of its island.
Under the terms of the 1841 Treaty of Nanking, it was ceded to the British together with Hong Kong Island. It was sometimes known as Taplichan,<ref>Template:Cite EB9</ref> Taplishan,<ref>Template:Cite EB1911</ref> &c. from an alternative name for the island.
The island had a largely uneventful history under British rule.
In 1968, Hongkong Electric opened a power station on Ap Lei Chau to provide electricity for the whole of Hong Kong Island. In 1980 and 1994, a bridge was constructed to connect the island to the Hong Kong Island, and this created momentum for rapid economic development. Public housing estates were built to accommodate people, including some who had suffered in a fire in the Aberdeen typhoon shelter. In 1989, the generators of the power station were relocated to Lamma Island, and the old power station has been demolished and re-developed into the South Horizons residential area, with the addition of some land reclaimed from the sea.
Geography and demographics
Ap Lei Chau was named after the shape of the island, which resembles the tongue of a duck. Ap means duck, Lei means tongue, and Chau means island. The northern part has the highest population, while the southern part of the island is less densely populated.
The highest point on the island is Yuk Kwai Shan (玉桂山; aka. Mount Johnston), with an altitude of Template:Convert.
It comprises four main residential areas — Lei Tung Estate, Ap Lei Chau Main Street, South Horizons and Ap Lei Chau Estate, each of which comprises several highrise towers. There is also an industrial estate on the southern tip of the island.
The population of Ap Lei Chau is 79,727.<ref name=census2021 /> The sum of the population in constituency areas D02 to D07 and its area is Template:Convert, giving it a population density of Template:Convert and making it the fourth most densely populated island in the world.<ref>Island Superlatives</ref>
| District Council Constituency Area | Population (2021) | |
|---|---|---|
| D02 | Ap Lei Chau Estate | 12,089 |
| D03 | Ap Lei Chau North | 11,897 |
| D04 | Lei Tung I | 12,307 |
| D05 | Lei Tung II | 14,043 |
| D06 | South Horizons East | 14,444 |
| D07 | South Horizons West | 14,947 |
| Total | 79,727 |
Ap Lei Chau also lends its name to the Ap Lei Chau geologic formation, which covers most of Hong Kong Island.<ref>Ap Lei Chau Formation Template:Webarchive</ref>
Places of interest
The Hung Shing Temple located on Hung Shing Street, off Main Street, Ap Lei Chau, is a notable site. Dating back to 1773, it is the oldest temple in the Aberdeen and Ap Lei Chau areas<ref>Chinese Temples Committee website - Hung Shing Temple, Ap Lei Chau Template:Webarchive</ref> and is a declared monument.
The Shui Yuet Temple aka. Kwun Yum Temple is located at No. 181 Main Street, Ap Lei Chau. Dedicated to Kwun Yum, it was built at the end of the 19th century<ref>Chinese Temples Committee website - Shui Yuet Temple, Ap Lei Chau Template:Webarchive</ref> and is a Grade III historic building. The temple site is adjacent to the site of the former Aberdeen Police Station. Clearly chosen for its fung shui, the superior dragons were seen as being protection from the 'threat of the tiger's jaw' from the police station. Although the police station has now been demolished, the dragons are still present and seen as enduring feng shui guards. Apart from Kwun Yum, the temple also houses Kwan Tai, Tin Hau, Chai Kung and Wong Tai Sin.Template:Fact
Transport
Ap Lei Chau and Hong Kong Island are connected by the four-lane Ap Lei Chau Bridges. Opened in 1983, it originally only had two lanes, and was widened to four in 1994 with a duplicated bridge to the northwest of the original one.
Buses are the main form of transport for the residents in Ap Lei Chau. Bus routes depart from the six bus termini on the island to various places on Hong Kong Island and in Kowloon:
- Ap Lei Chau Estate
- Ap Lei Chau (Lee Lok Street) and Ap Lei Chau (Lee King Street) in the industrial area
- Ap Lei Chau Main Street
- Lei Tung Estate
- South Horizons
Green minibuses and taxis are available. Red minibuses are prohibited from entering the island.
There is a regular sampan service running between Ap Lei Chau Main Street and Aberdeen. (Service hours: 6am-12am)
The MTR South Island line opened on 28 December 2016 links Admiralty of Hong Kong Island to Ap Lei Chau by the Aberdeen Channel Bridge, to the southeast of the Ap Lei Chau Bridges. There are two stations on the island: Lei Tung (for Lei Tung Estate and Ap Lei Chau Main Street) and South Horizons (for South Horizons, Ap Lei Chau Estate and Ap Lei Chau Industrial Estate).
Education
Ap Lei Chau is in Primary One Admission (POA) School Net 18. Within the school net are multiple aided schools (operated independently but funded with government money) and Hong Kong Southern District Government Primary School (香港南區官立小學) in Ap Lei Chau. Aided primary schools in Ap Lei Chau in POA 18 include Aplichau Kaifong Primary School (鴨脷洲街坊學校) and St Peter's Catholic Primary School (聖伯多祿天主教小學), both in Lei Tung Estate, as well as Precious Blood Primary School (South Horizons) (海怡寶血小學).<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Hong Kong Public Libraries operates the Ap Lei Chau Public Library in the Ap Lei Chau Municipal Services Building.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Community issues
Since Ap Lei Chau is currently the fourth most densely populated island in the world, public space is highly insufficient. In 2016, the Hong Kong Government reallocated the waterfront land of the former Hong Kong Driving School on Lee Nam Road for building luxury apartments, ignoring the suggestion of the locals and intensified the problem of insufficient land use.Template:Citation needed In February 2017, it was reported that the land, measuring Template:Convert, had been sold by tender for a record price of HK$16.86 billion (US$2.17 billion) to a venture between KWG Property and Logan Property Holdings.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
See also
- Ap Lei Pai
- List of places in Hong Kong
- List of islands and peninsulas of Hong Kong
- Shek Pai Wan
- Magazine Island
References
See also
Further reading
External links
Template:Southern District, Hong Kong Template:Islands of Hong Kong Template:Hong Kong Urban Areas Template:Reclaimed land in Hong Kong