Archdiocese of Baltimore
Template:Short description Template:Use mdy dates Template:Use American English Template:Infobox diocese
The Archdiocese of Baltimore (Template:Langx) is the archdiocese of the Latin Church of the Catholic Church in northern and western Maryland in the United States. It is the metropolitan see of the Ecclesiastical Province of Baltimore.
The Archdiocese of Baltimore is the oldest diocese and oldest archdiocese in the United States. Soon after the American Revolution, the diocese was erected to cover the United States, before the establishment of additional dioceses. The Vatican granted the archbishop of Baltimore the right of precedence in the nation at liturgies, meetings, and Plenary Councils in 1859.<ref name=Encyclo>Template:Cite encyclopedia</ref> It is the premier episcopal see of the Catholic Church in the United States of America, as "prerogative of place".
As of 2020, the archdiocese had an estimated Catholic population of 525,000 with 198 diocesan priests, 193 religious priests and 169 permanent deacons in 139 parishes.
The Archdiocese of Baltimore has two major seminaries: St. Mary's Seminary and University in Baltimore and Mount St. Mary's Seminary in Emmitsburg.<ref name=Kay>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name=Corrigan>Template:Cite news</ref>
It was revealed in late 2016 that the Archdiocese of Baltimore had paid off numerous settlements since 2011 for abuse victims.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Territory
The Archdiocese of Baltimore comprises the City of Baltimore and nine Maryland counties: Allegany, Anne Arundel, Baltimore, Carroll, Frederick, Garrett–Harford, Howard, and Washington.
History
1600 to 1700
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The first Catholic presence in the original British colonies in the United States was the proprietary colony of Maryland, established by Cecil Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore in 1634. A Catholic himself, Calvert intended the colony to be open to English Catholics facing persecution at home.
In 1689, members of the growing Puritan population in Maryland staged a takeover of the colonial government and effectively outlawed Catholicism.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="roarke">Template:Cite book</ref> In 1691, alarmed at the violent conflicts in Maryland, the British Crown took over the colony from the Calvert family.
1700 to 1789
The new royal governor in Maryland imposed less sweeping restrictions on Catholics than those of the Puritan regime. These restrictions would stay in place until after the end of the American Revolution.
During the British colonial period, the small Catholic communities in the American colonies were under the ecclesiastical jurisdiction of the Apostolic Vicariate of the London District in England.<ref name=":1">Template:Cite web</ref> The first Catholic church in Baltimore, St. Peter's, was dedicated in 1770.<ref name="pro-cathedral">Template:Cite web</ref>
In November 1783, after the end of the Revolution, the Catholic clergy in Maryland petitioned the Vatican for permission to nominate a priest as superior of the missions for the United States. The superior would have some of the powers of a bishop and be in charge of the American Catholic Church. After receiving papal approval, the clergy nominated Reverend John Carroll to become superior. Pope Pius VI in June 1784 confirmed Carroll as superior of the missions. This papal act established an American hierarchy, removing the American Catholic Church from the authority of the British Catholic Church
In November 1784, Pius VI erected the Prefecture Apostolic of the United States encompassing the entire country. Since Maryland had the largest Catholic population, Pope Pius VI placed the prefecture see in Baltimore and appointed Carroll as its first prefect apostolic.
1789 to 1800
Four years later, Pius VI elevated the prefecture into the Diocese of Baltimore, making it the first diocese solely within the United States.<ref name=":2">Template:Cite web</ref> St. Peter's, the only Catholic church in Baltimore, was designated as the pro-cathedral (temporary cathedral). The new Diocese of Baltimore covered the entire nation.
To train priests for his new diocese, Carroll asked the Fathers of the Company of Saint Sulpice to come to Baltimore. They arrived in 1791 and started the nucleus of St. Mary's College and Seminary in that city.<ref name="odonovan">Template:Cite web</ref> Also in 1791, Carroll convened the first diocesan synod in the United States. Twenty-two priests attended the synod, setting national policies for baptism, confirmation, penance, the celebration of the liturgy in the mass, anointing of the sick, and mixed marriages.<ref name="pastoral">Template:Cite web</ref>
The Vatican in 1795 appointed Reverend Leonard Neale as coadjutor bishop in Baltimore to assist Carroll.<ref name=":4">Template:Cite web</ref> In 1798, Carroll won a civil case in Pennsylvania that acknowledged his position as leader of the American church.<ref name="odonovan" /> Carroll gave his approval to the founding of the Order of the Visitation of Holy Mary, who in 1799 established Visitation Academy in Georgetown.<ref name="basilica">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="history" />
1800 to 1821
Carroll ordained the first American-born Catholic priest, Reverend William Matthews, at St. Peter's Pro-Cathedral in Baltimore in 1800.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> In 1806, Carroll started construction of the Cathedral of the Assumption in Baltimore<ref name="NCE">Template:Cite encyclopedia</ref> As the Catholic population of the United States grew, the Vatican saw the need to create more dioceses. In 1808, Pope Pius VII erected four new dioceses from what now became the Archdiocese of Baltimore. The pope named Carroll as the first archbishop of Baltimore.<ref name=":2" />
| Name of new diocese | Territory taken from archdiocese in 1808 |
|---|---|
| Diocese of Boston | Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Connecticut, and Vermont |
| Diocese of New York | State of New York and seven counties from New Jersey |
| Diocese of Philadelphia | Pennsylvania, Delaware, and seven counties from New Jersey |
| Diocese of Bardstown | Kentucky, Tennessee, Ohio, and the Old Northwest Territory |
After Carroll died in 1815, Neale automatically succeeded him as archbishop of Baltimore. However, due to Neale's bad health, Pope Pius VII in 1816 appointed Reverend Ambrose Maréchal as coadjutor archbishop. When Neale died in 1817, Maréchal succeeded him as archbishop of Baltimore.<ref name=":4" /><ref name="McNeal3">Template:Cite web</ref>
Maréchal believed that his most pressing problem was a shortage of priests. It was aggravated by parish trustees who thought they had the power to assign these priests.<ref>Gleeson, David T., The Irish in the South, 1815-1877, Univ of North Carolina Press, 2002, Template:ISBN, p. 76</ref> In some Irish parishes, the trustees would demand Irish priests, even if they were not qualified.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> In 1820, Bishop Flaget of Bardstown warned Maréchal about a man claiming to be a priest who wanted to practice in the archdiocese. This individual produced positive letters of introduction from his bishop. However, when he was observed celebrating mass, it became clear that the so-called priest was incompetent. Maréchal later advised the Propaganda Fide (now the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples) in Rome about this problem.<ref>Dichtl, John R., Frontiers of Faith: Bringing Catholicism to the West in the Early Republic, University Press of Kentucky, 2008, Template:ISBN</ref>
1821 to 1850
Maréchal dedicated the incomplete Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary Cathedral in May 1821.<ref name="McNeal3"/> Later in 1821, Maréchal went to Rome on archdiocese business. One problem he had faced in Maryland was the disputed ownership of the White Marsh plantation in Bowie. The Order of Jesus had received the plantation as a gift in 1728 and claimed it as their property. Maréchal said that the plantation actually belonged to the archdiocese. The Vatican gave the archdiocese ownership of White Marsh.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="McNeal3"/>
On January 8, 1828, Reverend James Whitfield of Baltimore was appointed coadjutor archbishop of the archdiocese by Pope Leo XII. Before Whitfield could be consecrated as coadjutor, Maréchal died on January 29, 1828. Whitfield was finally consecrated as archbishop in June 1828.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> He convened a synod for the diocesan clergy in 1831 and the Second Provincial Council of Baltimore in 1833.<ref name="baltimore2">Template:Cite news</ref> Throughout his tenure, Whitfield worked for the welfare of the African American community.<ref name="baltimore2"/> He authorized the foundation of the Oblate Sisters of Providence, the first religious order of African-American women in the United States. Whitfield talked about how he would have liked to evangelize the hundreds of thousands of enslaved African-Americans in Virginia.<ref name="clarke">Template:Cite news</ref>
Pope Gregory XVI in March 1834 appointed Reverend Samuel Eccleston as coadjutor archbishop to assist Whitfield. When Whitfield died in October 1834, Eccleston automatically succeeded him as archbishop.<ref name="hierarchy">Template:Cite news</ref> Eccleston encouraged religious orders to establish mother houses in his diocese, particularly those orders that could provide social services to the growing number of Catholic immigrants in the industrializing cities. The Sisters of the Visitation increased the number of their academies in the city and the archdiocese, the Brothers of St. Patrick opened a trade school near Baltimore, and the Redemptorists provided services for German-speaking immigrants. The Brothers of the Christian Schools founded Calvert Hall School in 1845 in Baltimore.
In 1847, Eccleston was planning to disband the Oblate Sisters of Providence, but was dissuaded by Redemptorist Father Thaddeus Anwander.<ref>Morrow, Diane Batts. "The Oblate Sisters of Providence in Ante-Bellum Society", Uncommon Faithfulness: The Black Catholic Experience, (Mary Shawn Copeland, LaReine-Marie Mosely, Albert J. Raboteau, eds.), Orbis Books, 2009 Template:ISBN</ref> St. Charles College was established in 1848 in Howard County on land donated by the planter Charles Carroll.<ref name="catholic">Template:Cite web</ref> Between 1837 and 1849, Eccleston held five provincial councils in Baltimore.<ref name="baltimore3">Template:Cite news</ref> He also started several new parishes during his administration.<ref name="clarke3">Template:Cite book</ref> Eccleston died in 1851.
1850 to 1866
The Vatican continued to erect new dioceses and vicariates out of the Archdiocese of Baltimore through the 19th century as the church evolved and grew in the United States.<ref name=":3">Template:Cite web</ref>
| Name of new diocese | Date of new diocese | Territory taken from archdiocese |
|---|---|---|
| Diocese of Charleston | 1820 | North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia |
| Diocese of Richmond | 1820 | Most of Virginia |
| Vicariate Apostolic of Mississippi and Alabama | 1822 | Mississippi and Alabama |
| Vicariate Apostolic of the Oregon Territory<ref name=":3" /> | 1843 | From California to Alaska and from the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific Ocean |
| Diocese of Richmond | 1858 | Alexandria, Virginia |
| Diocese of Wilmington | 1868 | Maryland eastern shore and the remaining Virginia counties |
Following the death of Eccleston, Bishop Francis Kenrick of Philadelphia was named the sixth archbishop of Baltimore by Pope Pius IX in 1851.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> He presided over the First Plenary Council of Baltimore in 1852.<ref name="balt">Template:Cite news</ref> As archbishop, Kenrick expanded parochial schools throughout the archdiocese. Under his tenure, parochial schools were free for all students, and were supported directly by the parishes.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Kenrick died in 1863. The next archbishop of Baltimore was Bishop Martin Spalding from the Diocese of Louisville, appointed by Pope Pius IX.<ref name="hierarchy2">Template:Cite news</ref>
1866 to 1900
In 1866, Spalding founded St. Mary's Industrial School in Baltimore, a boys reformatory.<ref name="archbalt2">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="HBCC">Template:Cite book</ref> Spalding conducted a visitation of the archdiocese, during which he reportedly administered confirmation to 8,000 people.<ref name="spalding">Template:Cite book</ref> Spalding recruited priests for the archdiocese from All Hallows College in Ireland and the American College at Louvain in Belgium<ref name="clarke3"/> He also organized the Society of Saint Vincent de Paul as well as the Association of St. Joseph, a society for the care of impoverished girls.<ref name="catholic3">Template:Cite news</ref>
After the end of the American Civil War in 1865, Spalding raised $10,000 in the archdiocese for relief efforts in the former Confederate States of America. He also took a special interest in the spiritual welfare of the African-Americans who had just been freed from slavery. Writing to Archbishop John McCloskey, Spalding said, "Four million of these unfortunates are thrown on our charity, and they silently but eloquently appeal to us for help."<ref name="archbalt2"/> He invited Reverend Herbert Vaughan and the Mill Hill Fathers from England to minister exclusively among freedmen. In October 1866, Spalding presided over the Second Plenary Council of Baltimore.<ref name="catholic3"/><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
After Spalding died in 1871, Pius IX appointed bishop James Bayley from the Diocese of Newark as the next archbishop of Baltimore in 1872.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> He convened the Eighth Provincial Synod in 1875 and enacted new regulations on clerical dress, mixed marriages, and church music. Bayley consecrated the cathedral in 1876 and retired a large amount of archdiocesan debt. In May 1877, Pius IX selected Bishop James Gibbons of Richmond as coadjutor archbishop to assist the sick Bayley. After Bayley died in October 1877, Gibbons succeeded him as archbishop of Baltimore.<ref name="shepherds">"Shepherds of the Seminary", Seton Hall University</ref> In 1884, Gibbons founded the House of the Good Shepherd in Baltimore, a reformatory for female criminals.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
1900 to 1940
After the end of World War I in 1919, Gibbons supported American participation in the new League of Nations. He was initially opposed to the women's suffrage movement in the United States. However, when the nineteenth amendment to the US Constitution passed in 1920, allowing women to vote, Gibbons urged women to exercise that right, describing it "...not only as a right but as a strict social duty."<ref name="Ellis">Template:Cite web</ref> Gibbons died in 1921
Bishop Michael Curley of the Diocese of Saint Augustine was the next archbishop of Baltimore, named by Pope Benedict XV in 1921.<ref name="hierarchy3">Template:Cite news</ref> His arrival in his new city was described in the press as "one of the greatest welcomes ever tendered a new citizen of Baltimore."<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> During his tenure in Baltimore, Curley established 66 schools, placing the importance of constructing schools over churches.<ref name="athlone">Template:Cite news</ref> In 1926, he declared, "I defy any system of grammar school education in the United States to prove itself superior to the system that is being maintained in the Archdiocese of Baltimore."<ref name="baltimore4">Template:Cite web</ref> He also established diocesan offices for Catholic Charities in 1923 and for the Society for the Propagation of the Faith in 1925.<ref name="baltimore4" />
In 1939, Pope Pius XII erected the Archdiocese of Washington, taking the District of Columbia and five nearby Maryland counties from the Archdiocese of Baltimore.<ref name="created">Most Rev. Michael J. Curley Template:Webarchive. Archdiocese of Baltimore. Retrieved on November 19, 2016.</ref> The pope selected Curley to serve as archbishop of Washington. The two archdioceses now shared the same archbishop.<ref name="modernera">Archbishops of the Modern Era (1851 - 2012) Template:Webarchive. Archdiocese of Baltimore. Retrieved on November 19, 2016.</ref> Curley used the title of Archbishop of Baltimore-Washington during this period, although the two archdioceses were separate entities.<ref>Greg Erlandson, Editor-in-Chief, Catholic Almanac, Our Sunday Visitor, Inc., Huntington, Indiana, 2015, pp. 374-375.</ref>
1940 to 1989
After Curley died in 1947, Pius XII appointed Monsignor Patrick A. O'Boyle as archbishop of Washington and Bishop Francis Keough of the Diocese of Providence as archbishop of Baltimore.<ref name="created" /><ref name="modernera" /> During the 14 years of Keough's administration, the Catholic population of the archdiocese grew from 265,000 to 400,000. Keough dedicated the new Cathedral of Mary Our Queen in Baltimore in 1959; he also built many new schools, homes, and orphanages.<ref name="nytimes">Template:Cite news</ref>
In July 1961, Pope John XXIII named Bishop Lawrence Shehan of the Diocese of Bridgeport to assist Keough as coadjutor archbishop. When Keough died in December 1961, Shehan automatically succeeded him as archbishop of Baltimore.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Shehan was a strong supporter of the American Civil Rights movement. He banned racial segregation in all of the archdiocesan institutions in 1962<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> and participated in the 1963 March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom.<ref name="Milestones">TIME Magazine. Milestones September 10, 1984</ref> Shehan also maintained good relations with the Jewish and Eastern Orthodox communities in the archdiocese.<ref name="Milestones" /> Shehan worked with his friend Harry Lee Doll, Episcopal Bishop of Maryland, on both civil rights and ecumenical issues. Along with the president of St. Mary's Seminary and University, Shehan and Doll in 1968 founded the Ecumenical Institute at St. Mary's.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Following Shehan's retirement in 1974, Pope Paul VI named Bishop William Borders of the Diocese of Orlando as the 13th archbishop of Baltimore that same year.<ref name="hierarchy4">Template:Cite news</ref>
During his 15-year tenure in Baltimore, Borders divided the archdiocese into three vicariates and appointed his auxiliary bishops as vicars over them. He reorganized the Archdiocesan Central Services, naming cabinet-level secretaries to carry out the administrative work of the archdiocese.<ref name="cathedral">Template:Cite web</ref> Borders clarified and strengthened the role of the archdiocesan pastoral council, and combined the board of consultors and the priests senate to form the priests' council.<ref name="baltimore5">Template:Cite web</ref> He initiated a Department of Pastoral Planning and Management, an Office of Fund Development and an evangelization effort.<ref name="cathedral" /> Instead of residing at an apartment at the Basilica of the Assumption, Borders lived alone at the former sexton's lodge.<ref name="ironman">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="obit">Template:Cite news</ref> Borders became what Baltimore Magazine called the "king of the soup kitchens". While he was archbishop, the budget for Catholic Charities grew from $2.5 million a year to $33 million a year, and its staff expanded from 200 to over 1,000.<ref name="meinrad">Template:Cite web</ref> Borders retired in 1989.
1989 to present
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Pope John Paul II appointed Bishop William H. Keeler from the Diocese of Harrisburg as the next archbishop of Baltimore in 1989.<ref name="Change For The Diocese">Template:Cite news</ref> Keeler was responsible for the restoration of the Basilica of the National Shrine of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary.<ref name="dead">Template:Cite web</ref>
After Keeler retired in 2006, John Paul II replaced him with Archbishop Edwin O'Brien from the Archdiocese for the Military Services, USA.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In 2008, O'Brien dedicated the Pope John Paul II Prayer Garden in Baltimore, which he called a "sanctuary in a suffering city."<ref name="garden">Template:Cite newsTemplate:Dead link</ref> In 2011, he became grand master of the Equestrian Order of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem in Rome.
In 2012, Bishop William E. Lori of Bridgeport was appointed archbishop of Baltimore by Pope Benedict XVI. In 2019, Lori released “The Journey to Racial Justice: Repentance, Healing and Action.” The document acknowledged racism in the Catholic Church and suggested measures to combat it. That same year, Lori instituted an initiative for reporting allegations against any bishop in the archdiocese. The policy was drafted by the archdiocesan independent review board.
As of 2023, Lori is the current archbishop of Baltimore.
Plenary councils of Baltimore
The Plenary Councils of Baltimore were three national meetings of American Catholic bishops in the 19th century.
- First Plenary Council (1852) – The First Council published a decree requiring priests immigrating to the United States to provide letters of reference from their previous bishops before they could practise ministry in this country. The council also passed a requirement that Catholic engaged couples publish marriage banns.
- Second Plenary Council (1866) – The Second Council advocated the churching of women, a ceremony blessing women after childbirth, and setting age 10 as the age for first communion.
- Third Plenary Council (1884) – The Third Council set six holy days of obligation for Catholics and appointed a commission to draft a catechism.
Sexual abuse
In July 1995, John Merzbacher, a teacher at Catholic Community Middle School in south Baltimore, received four life sentences after being convicted of raping Elizabeth Ann Murphy at the school in the 1970s.<ref name=conviction>Template:Cite news</ref> At the time, prosecutors also found evidence that Marzbacher sexually abused 13 other male and female students when he taught there.<ref name=merzbacher /><ref name=conviction /> Merzbacher died in prison in May 2023.<ref name=merzbacher>Template:Cite news</ref>
In 2016, the archdiocese confirmed that it had paid a total of $472,000 to settlements to 16 former students of Archbishop Keough High School. The plaintiffs claimed to have been sexually abused as children by Reverend A. Joseph Maskell from 1967 to 1975.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="balt_'Kee">Template:Cite web</ref> After the archdiocese removed Maskell from ministry in 1994, he fled to Ireland.<ref name="cdow_Bish">Template:Cite web</ref> He was never charged with any crimes."<ref name="iris_HSEi">Template:Cite news</ref>
The archdiocese was featured in the 2017 Netflix documentary The Keepers, investigated sexual abuse by clergy at Archbishop Keough High School and the murder of Sister Catherine Cesnik in 1969.
A report released by Pennsylvania Attorney General Josh Shapiro in August 2018, singled out Cardinal William Keeler for criticism. When Keeler was archbishop of Baltimore, he allowed Reverend Arthur Long to transfer from the Diocese of Harrisburg to the Archdiocese of Baltimore.<ref name="auto">Template:Cite web</ref> Long had been accused of sexually abusing children during his time in Harrisburg when Keeler was bishop there .<ref name="auto" /><ref name="longmemo">Template:Cite web</ref> After the grand jury report was released, the archdiocese canceled plans to named a new elementary school after Keeler.<ref name="aug15">Template:Cite web</ref>
In February 2019, Maryland Attorney General Brian Frosh launched an investigation into sexual abuse allegations against the archdiocese.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Archbishop Lori provided Frosh with over 50,000 pages of internal documents dating back to 1965.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
In March 2019, Lori banned former Auxiliary Bishop Gordon Bennett, then residing in the archdiocese, from practicing any form of ministry in the archdiocese or the suffragan Diocese of Wheeling–Charleston. Bennett had been accused of sexual abuse in 2006.<ref name="lorespeakspokes">Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref name=ukbanannounce>Template:Cite web</ref> In April 2019, the archdiocese added the names of 23 deceased clergy to a list of accused clergy which the archdiocese published in 2002.<ref name="longadded">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="longaddedstill">Template:Cite web</ref> Long, a Jesuit, was among those added to the list.<ref name=longadded /><ref name=longaddedstill />
The State of Maryland investigation concluded in November 2022,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> and its report was released in April 2023.<ref name="attorneygeneralreport">Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="merzbacher" /> The report named 156 archdiocesan employees and clergy as having credible accusations of sexually abusing more that 600 children between 1940 and 2002.<ref name="attorneygeneralreport" /><ref name="merzbacher" /><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> At the same time as the release of the report, the Maryland General Assembly passed a bill to end a statute of limitations on abuse-related civil lawsuits.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> This bill was signed into law by Governor Wes Moore in April 2023.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
On September 29, 2023, the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Baltimore in the US filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy to evade large anticipated financial losses in upcoming lawsuits permitted by the Maryland Child Victims Act starting on October 1.<ref name="September 29, 2023 Archdiocese of Baltimore reorganization">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="September 29, 2023 Message on bankruptcy">Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Episcopate
Prerogative of place
In 1858, the Sacred Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith (Propaganda Fide), with the approval of Pius IX, conferred "Prerogative of Place" on the Archdiocese of Baltimore. This decree gave the archbishop of Baltimore precedence over all other American archbishops in councils, gatherings, and meetings. It did not matter if another archbishop had been elevated sooner or had been serving long. However, a cardinal still had precedence over the archbishop of Baltimore.<ref name="history">Template:Cite web</ref>
Cathedrals
The first cathedral for the archdiocese was St. Peter's Pro-Cathedral, which is no longer standing. Today, like only a few other archdioceses in the United States, the Archdiocese of Baltimore has two cathedrals, both in Baltimore: the Cathedral of Mary Our Queen and the Basilica of the National Shrine of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary.<ref>Co-cathedral</ref> The archbishop is considered the pastor of both co-cathedrals, appointing rectors to operate them.
St. Peter's Pro-Cathedral
St. Peters served as the base for the archbishop of Baltimore from 1790 to 1821. Since it never met the physical criteria for a proper cathedral and was always considered temporary, St. Peter's was termed a pro-cathedral. The building was razed in 1841.
Basilica of the National Shrine of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary
Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary was constructed between 1806 and 1821. It was the first cathedral in the newly independent United States and is considered the mother church of the country. It is a co-cathedral of the archdiocese.
Cathedral of Mary Our Queen
Mary Our Queen was started in 1954 and completed in 1959. It is a co-cathedral of the archdiocese.
Bishops
Prefect Apostolic of the United States
John Carroll (1784–1789), appointed first diocesan bishop with erection of diocese<ref name=":0">Archdiocese of Baltimore page on Catholic Hierarchy web site.</ref>
Bishop of Baltimore
- John Carroll (1789–1808), elevated to Archbishop<ref name=":0" />
Archbishops of Baltimore
- John Carroll (1808–1815)
- Leonard Neale (1815–1817; coadjutor archbishop 1795–1815)
- Ambrose Maréchal (1817–1828)
- James Whitfield (1828–1834; coadjutor archbishop 1828)
- Samuel Eccleston (1834–1851; coadjutor archbishop 1834)
- Francis Patrick Kenrick (1851–1863)
- Martin John Spalding (1864–1872)
- James Roosevelt Bayley (1872–1877)
- James Gibbons (1877–1921) (Cardinal in 1886)
- Michael Joseph Curley (1921–1947)
- Francis Patrick Keough (1947–1961)
- Lawrence Shehan (1961–1974; coadjutor archbishop 1961) (Cardinal in 1965)
- William Donald Borders (1974–1989)
- William Henry Keeler (1989–2007) (Cardinal in 1994)
- Edwin Frederick O'Brien (2007–2011), appointed Grand Master of the Equestrian Order of the Holy Sepulchre (Cardinal in 2012)
- William Edward Lori (2012–present)<ref name=":0" />
Current auxiliary bishops
- Adam J. Parker (2017–present)
Former auxiliary bishops
- Alfred Allen Paul Curtis (1897–1908), previously appointed Bishop of Wilmington
- Owen Patrick Bernard Corrigan (1908–1929)
- Thomas Joseph Shahan (1914–1932)
- John Michael McNamara (1927–1947), appointed Auxiliary Bishop of Washington
- Lawrence Joseph Shehan (1945–1953), appointed Bishop of Bridgeport; later returned as Coadjutor Archbishop of Baltimore and succeeded to see (see "Archbishops" above); future Cardinal
- Jerome Aloysius Daugherty Sebastian (1953–1960)
- Thomas Austin Murphy (1962–1984)
- Thomas Joseph Mardaga (1966–1968), appointed Bishop of Wilmington
- Francis Joseph Gossman (1968–1975), appointed Bishop of Raleigh
- Philip Francis Murphy (1976–1999)
- James Francis Stafford (1976–1982), appointed Bishop of Memphis and later Archbishop of Denver, President of the Pontifical Council for the Laity, and Major Penitentiary of the Apostolic Penitentiary (elevated to Cardinal in 1998)
- William Clifford Newman (1984–2003)
- John Ricard (1984–1997), appointed Bishop of Pensacola-Tallahassee
- Gordon Dunlap Bennett (1997–2004), appointed Bishop of Mandeville
- William Francis Malooly (2000–2008), appointed Bishop of Wilmington
- Mitchell T. Rozanski (2004–2014), appointed Bishop of Springfield in Massachusetts
- Denis J. Madden (2005–2016)
- Mark E. Brennan (2017–2019), appointed Bishop of Wheeling-Charleston<ref name=":0" />
- Bruce Lewandowski (2020–2025), appointed Bishop of Providence <ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Other diocesan priests who became bishops
- John J. Chanche, appointed Bishop of Natchez in 1841
- Ignatius A. Reynolds, appointed Bishop of Charleston in 1843
- Henry B. Coskery, appointed Bishop of Portland in 1853; did not take effect
- William Henry Elder, appointed Bishop of Natchez in 1857 and Archbishop of Cincinnati in 1883
- Thomas Albert Andrew Becker, appointed Bishop of Wilmington in 1868 and Bishop of Savannah in 1886
- Thomas Patrick Roger Foley, appointed Coadjutor Bishop of Chicago in 1870
- John Joseph Keane, appointed Bishop of Richmond in 1878, rector of The Catholic University of America in 1886, and Archbishop of Dubuque in 1900
- Mark Stanislaus Gross, appointed vicar apostolic of North Carolina in 1880; resigned the episcopate Template:Circa
- Jeremiah O'Sullivan, appointed Bishop of Mobile in 1885
- John Samuel Foley, appointed Bishop of Detroit in 1888
- Placide Louis Chapelle, appointed Coadjutor Archbishop of Santa Fe in 1891 (succeeded to that see in 1894), Archbishop of New Orleans in 1897 and Apostolic Delegate to Cuba and Extraordinary Envoy to Puerto Rico and the Philippines in 1898
- Patrick James Donahue, appointed Bishop of Wheeling in 1894
- William Thomas Russell, appointed Bishop of Charleston in 1916
- William Joseph Hafey, appointed Bishop of Raleigh in 1925 and Bishop of Scranton in 1938
- Thomas Joseph Toolen, appointed Bishop of Mobile in 1927
- Peter Leo Ireton, appointed Coadjutor Bishop of Richmond in 1935 and Bishop of Richmond in 1945
- John Joyce Russell, appointed Bishop of Charleston in 1950 and later Bishop of Richmond in 1958
- Philip Matthew Hannan (priest of this archdiocese, 1939–1947), appointed Auxiliary Bishop of Washington in 1956 and Archbishop of New Orleans in 1965
- Michael William Hyle, appointed Coadjutor Bishop of Wilmington in 1958 (succeeded to that see in 1960)
- John Selby Spence (priest of this archdiocese, 1933–1947), appointed auxiliary bishop of Washington in 1964
- Edward John Herrmann (priest of this archdiocese, 1947), appointed auxiliary bishop of Washington in 1966 and Bishop of Columbus in 1973
- Victor Benito Galeone, appointed Bishop of Saint Augustine in 2001
- F. Richard Spencer, appointed Auxiliary Bishop for the Military Services, USA in 2010
Priests appointed, but never ordained, as bishops
Dominic Laurence Grässel appointed Coadjutor Archbishop of Baltimore in 1793 but the notice arrived after his death
Notable individuals
- Sister Elizabeth Ann Seton - Seton founded the first American congregation of religious sisters, the Sisters of Charity of St. Joseph, in Emmitsburg, Maryland, in 1809. A year later, she opened the first free Catholic school for girls in the United States.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In 1975, Seton became the first American-born person to be canonized a saint.
- Mother Mary Lange - Lange opened a free school in her Baltimore home for African American children who were denied access to other schools in the city. In 1828, Lange founded the Oblate Sisters of Providence, the first sustained religious order for African American women in the United States. She also opened what would later become St. Frances Academy, the first Catholic School for African-American children in the United States. In 1991, the Catholic Church opened a cause of sainthood for Lange, naming her a "servant of God."<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Education
Template:MainAs of 2023, the Archdiocese of Baltimore had 40 elementary and middle schools and 18 high schools with a total student enrollment of approximately 24,000.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
High schools
Churches
- Basilica of the National Shrine of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary (old Baltimore Cathedral / Cathedral of the Assumption of Mary) – Baltimore, Maryland<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Basilica of the National Shrine of St. Elizabeth Ann Seton – Emmitsburg, Maryland<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Media
The archdiocese began to publish its diocesan newspaper, The Baltimore Catholic Review in 1913 as the successor to the earlier diocesan publication The Catholic Mirror, published 1833 to 1908. The name has since been shortened to The Catholic Review. It changed from weekly to biweekly publication in 2012 and transformed again to a monthly magazine in December 2015.<ref name="CR">Template:Cite news</ref>
Ecclesiastical province
When the Archdiocese of Baltimore was erected in 1808, its ecclesiastical province covered the entire nation. In 1847, with the erected of the Archdiocese of St. Louis, the ecclesiastical province of Baltimore shrank.<ref name="history" /> It shrank again with the creation of the Archdioceses of Cincinnati, New Orleans, New York, and the Portland in Oregon in 1850. The province currently contains the following suffragan dioceses:
See also
- Historical list of the Catholic bishops of the United States
- List of the Catholic dioceses of the United States
- List of Roman Catholic archdioceses (by country and continent)
- List of Roman Catholic dioceses (alphabetical) (including archdioceses)
- List of Roman Catholic dioceses (structured view) (including archdioceses)
- List of shrines
References
External links
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Template:RC Archdiocese of Baltimore Template:Roman Catholic Ecclesiastical Province of Baltimore Template:R-C provinces in the United StatesTemplate:Authority control Template:Coord
- Pages with broken file links
- Archdiocese of Baltimore
- Roman Catholic dioceses in the United States
- Christianity in Baltimore
- Roman Catholic Ecclesiastical Province of Baltimore
- Catholic Church in Maryland
- Roman Catholic dioceses and prelatures established in the 18th century
- Companies that filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 2023
- Religious organizations established in 1789
- 1789 establishments in Maryland