Arnulf I, Count of Flanders

Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates Template:Infobox noble Arnulf I (Template:Circa/899 – 27 March 964),<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> called "the Great",<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> was the first Count of Flanders.

Life

Arnulf was the son of margrave Baldwin II of Flanders and Ælfthryth of Wessex, daughter of Alfred the Great.Template:Sfn Through his mother he was a descendant of the Anglo-Saxon kings of England, and through his father, a descendant of Charlemagne.<ref name="FRxx">The Annals of Flodoard of Reims, 919–966, ed. Steven Fanning & Bernard S. Bachrach (University of Toronto Press, CA, 2011), p. xx</ref> Presumably Arnulf was named either after Saint Arnulf of Metz, a progenitor of the Carolingian dynasty,<ref>Philip Grierson, 'The Relations between England and Flanders before the Norman Conquest', Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, Vol. 23 (1941), p. 86 n. 1</ref> or King Arnulf of Carinthia, whom his father supported.

At the death of their father in 918, Arnulf became Count of Flanders while his brother Adeloft or Adelolf succeeded to the County of Boulogne.Template:Sfn However, in 933 Adeloft died, and Arnulf took the countship of Boulogne for himself, but later conveyed it to his nephew, Arnulf II.<ref>Renée Nip, 'The Political Relations between England and Flanders (1066–1128)', Anglo-Norman Studies 21: Proceedings of the Battle Conference 1998, ed. Christopher Harper-Bill (The Boydell Press, Woodbridge, UK, 1999), p. 150</ref> Arnulf titled himself count by the Grace of God.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Arnulf I greatly expanded Flemish rule to the south, taking all or part of Artois, Ponthieu, Amiens, and Ostrevent. He exploited the conflicts between Charles the Simple and Robert I of France, and later those between Louis IV and his barons. Arnulf also made Bruges the center of his administration, contributing to the rise of the town as a major trading hub.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>

In his southern expansion Arnulf inevitably had conflict with the Normans, who were trying to secure their northern frontier. This led to the 942 murder of the Duke of Normandy, William Longsword, at the hands of Arnulf's men.<ref>David Nicholas, Medieval Flanders (Longman Group UK Limited, London, 1992), p. 40</ref> The Viking threat was receding during the later years of Arnulf's life, and he turned his attentions to the reform of the Flemish government. When Dunstan, abbot of Glastonbury, fled into exile, Arnulf received him with honour and lodged him in the Abbey of Mont Blandin, near Ghent.<ref>Toke, Leslie. "St. Dunstan." The Catholic Encyclopedia Vol. 5. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1909 Template:PD-notice</ref>

Count Arnulf died on 27 March 964, allegedly murdered by Heluin in revenge for the murder of William Longsword.

He was buried in the Saint-Peter's Abbey in Ghent.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Family

The name of Arnulf's first wife is unknown but he had at least one daughter by her:<ref name="FFA55n143">Heather J. Tanner, Families, Friends and Allies: Boulogne and Politics in Northern France and England, C.879–1160 (Brill, Leiden, Netherlands, 2004) p. 55 n. 143</ref>

• Name unknown; married Isaac of Cambrai. Their son Arnulf succeeded his father as Count of Cambrai.<ref name="FFA55n143"/>

In 934 he married Adele of Vermandois, daughter of Herbert II of Vermandois.Template:Sfn Their children were:

• Hildegard, born Template:Circa 934, died 990; she married Dirk II, Count of Holland. It is uncertain whether she is his daughter by his first or second wife.<ref name="FFA55n143"/>
• Liutgard, born in 935, died in 962; married Wichmann IV, Count of Hamaland.Template:Sfn
• Egbert, died 953.
• Baldwin III of Flanders (Template:Circa – 962),Template:Sfn married Matilda of Saxony († 1008), daughter of Hermann Billung.
• Elftrude; married Siegfried, Count of Guînes.

Succession

Arnulf made his eldest son and heir Baldwin III of Flanders co-ruler in 958, but Baldwin died untimely in 962,Template:Sfn so Arnulf was succeeded by Baldwin's infant son, Arnulf II of Flanders.Template:Sfn

See also

• Counts of Flanders family tree

Sources

• Template:Cite book
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Additional references

• Folcwine
• Lambert of Ardres
• Platts, Beryl. The Scottish Hazard: Flemish Nobility and their Impact on Scotland, 1985