Arthur Wauchope

Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates Template:Infobox military person General Sir Arthur Grenfell Wauchope Template:Postnominals (1 March 1874 – 14 September 1947) was a British Army officer and colonial administrator.

Military career

Educated at Repton School,<ref name=empire>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Wauchope was commissioned into the Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders in 1893.<ref name=lh>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> He transferred to the 2nd Battalion Black Watch in January 1896.<ref name=lh/>

He served in the Second Boer War in South Africa from 1899, and took part in operations in Cape Colony, south of Orange River. British forces advancing north from the Cape to relieve the town of Kimberley, which was sieged by Boer forces, met heavy resistance in the Battle of Magersfontein on 11 December 1899. Wauchope was severely wounded in the battle, and was later mentioned in despatches and appointed a Companion of the Distinguished Service Order (DSO) for his services.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

In April 1902 he was seconded for a Staff appointment,<ref>Template:London Gazette</ref> as an extra Aide de camp to Sir Walter Hely-Hutchinson, Governor and Commander-in-Chief of the Cape Colony.<ref>Template:London Gazette</ref>

He served in World War I as Commanding Officer of 2 Bn Black Watch in France and Mesopotamia. After the War he joined 2nd Silesian Brigade, part of the British Upper Silesian Force, in Germany.<ref name=lh/> He became Military Member of an Overseas Delegation to Australia and New Zealand in 1923 and then Chief of the British Section of the Military Inter-Allied Commission of Control for Berlin in 1924.<ref name=lh/> He relinquished this position in March 1927.<ref>Template:London Gazette</ref> He was appointed General Officer Commanding 44th (Home Counties) Division in 1927 and GOC Northern Ireland District in 1929.<ref name=lh/> He was promoted to lieutenant general in May 1931.<ref>Template:London Gazette</ref>

His last appointment was as High Commissioner and Commander-in-Chief for Palestine and Trans-Jordan in 1931.<ref name=lh/> Wauchope's administration was generally sympathetic to Zionist aspirations. By 1941 the former chief immigration officer for the Mandate, Albert Montefiore Hyamson, could write in his book Palestine: A Policy that "the first four years of his [Wauchope's] term were the heyday of Zionist history in Palestine." Not only did immigration go up threefold (the Jewish population increased from 174,606 to 329,358), but Jews also increased their land holdings (in 1931 they increased their land holdings by 18,585 dunams or 4,646 acres, while in 1935 they increased them by 72,905), and finally Jewish business and commerce enjoyed an economic boom.<ref>Hyamson, Albert Montefiore. Palestine: A Policy Methuen, 1942, p. 147</ref> He also promoted public works and civil engineering schemes but was regarded as lax by some of his political colleagues at the early stages of the Arab rebellion.<ref name=empire/> However, Wauchope oversaw mass detention throughout the revolt and sought to impose "collective punishment" on Palestinian cities and towns. This culminated in the June 1936 demolition of the Old City of Jaffa which rendered 6,000 Palestinians homeless.<ref>David Cronin, Balfour's Shadow (London: Pluto Press, 1936), p. 45–46.</ref> Wauchope retired in 1938.<ref name=lh/><ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

• Wauchope with Menachem Ussishkin in Palestine, 1928
  Wauchope with Menachem Ussishkin in Palestine, 1928
• Wauchope speaking at Kfar HaHoresh 1936
  Wauchope speaking at Kfar HaHoresh 1936

References

Template:S-start Template:S-mil Template:S-bef Template:S-ttl Template:S-aft |- Template:S-bef Template:S-ttl Template:S-aft Template:S-break Template:S-gov Template:Succession box Template:S-endTemplate:British High Commissioners of PalestineTemplate:Authority control