Astara, Iran

Astara (Template:Langx; Template:IPA)Template:Efn is a city in the Central District of Astara County, Gilan province, Iran, serving as the capital of both the county and the district.<ref name="Gilan Province Structure"> Template:Cite web</ref> It lies on the border with the Republic of Azerbaijan and on the Caspian Sea. It is an important border trade center between Iran and the Caucasus.

History

The earliest mention, under the name Astārāb, comes in the Ḥodūd al-ʿālam, written toward the end of the 10th century. In the 14th century, Astara became the seat of the small principality of the Esfahbad or Espahbad (-bod) of Gīlān. From the 16th to the 18th centuries, the Ṭālešī Khans of Āstārā were either autonomous or nominally subordinate to the governors of Gīlān or Ardabīl; on several occasions they played an important role in the history of the Caspian provinces.<ref>Template:Cite encyclopedia</ref> According to Minorsky, we do not know whether the later governors of Astara still continued the line of the Ispahbads. Even after the conquest of Northern Tālish by the Russians (1813) the family of the Tālish-khans retained certain rights.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>

Astara was part of the short lived Talysh Khanate in the 18th and 19th centuries, and for a short while it was the capital of the Khanate before it was moved to Lankaran.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In 1828, with the signing of the Treaty of Turkmenchay, Astara was split into two. The city of Astara in Azerbaijan is located just across the Astarachay River.Template:Fact

Demographics

Language

Linguistic composition of the city.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>Template:Bar box

Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 40,664 in 11,436 households.<ref name="2006 Gilan Province"> Template:Cite web</ref> The following census in 2011 counted 48,470 people in 14,639 households.<ref name="2011 Gilan Province"> Template:Cite web</ref> The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 51,579 people in 16,696 households.<ref name="2016 Gilan Province"> Template:Cite web</ref>

Climate

Astara has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen: Cfa, Trewartha: Cf), with relatively cold, wet winters and warm, humid summers. It has the most precipitation days than any other cities in Iran.Template:Original research inline

Agriculture

Rice has been cultivated in this region for many years, where some indigenous cultivars (landrace) were conventionally bred by farmers.<ref name="pazuki">Template:Cite journal</ref>

Culture

Astara is home to one of the first libraries established in the country.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Tourism

Astara has various attractions and is considered a major tourist destination for Iranians and foreigners, especially those from the Caucasus. The city has a selection of beaches and is near to a Temperate rainforest. Annually over six million Iranians, and six hundred thousand foreigners visit the city.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The most popular beaches in this city are Shariati park and Sadaf beach. Shariati beach park is located in the city, and Sadaf beach is 7 kilometers from Astara city<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Education

• Islamic Azad University of Astara

Notable people

• Fereydun Ebrahimi – Procurator-General in Azerbaijan People's Government
• Ebrahim Nabavi – Iranian journalist
• Payan Rafat – football player
• Kamal Habibollahi – last Commander of the Imperial Iranian Navy

See also

• Astara, Azerbaijan
• Astarachay
• Kazi Magomed–Astara–Abadan pipeline

External links

• AstaraTemplate:Dead link entry in the Template:Usurped
• Template:Cite journal