Attacks on humanitarian workers

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Template:Short description Attacks on humanitarian workers are a leading cause of death among aid workers. Under international humanitarian law, deliberate violence is prohibited against protected persons, including humanitarian aid workers belonging to United Nations agencies, nongovernmental organisations (NGOs), and the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement. Attacks have become increasingly more frequent since 1997 when the Aid Worker Security Database (AWSD) began tracking them. This article contains a list of major attacks on humanitarian workers, primarily drawn from the AWSD. A full downloadable list, from 1997–present, can be found on their website.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

The number of aid workers attacked has increased from 260 in 2008 to 595 in 2023. For the first 20 years of the AWSD, Afghanistan, South Sudan, Sudan, Somalia, and Syria were consistently the most dangerous places for aid workers to operate. Between 2013 and 2018, an average of 127 aid workers were killed, 120 injured, and 104 abducted worldwide per year. In November 2024, the UN reported that 281 aid workers had been killed that year, making 2024 the deadliest year on record; 175 of the deaths occurred in Gaza. Additionally the UN stated that 333 aid workers had been killed thus far in the Gaza war, the highest number recorded in a single crisis.

The most common causes of death among aid workers are shootings and air strikes, with road travel being particularly dangerous. A large contributor to violence against aid workers is kidnapping, though most end in release after negotiations. Motives for attacks on aid workers are often unknown, but of those that are known the cause is frequently political.

Background

Recording attacks on humanitarian workers

According to The New York Times, the Aid Worker Security Database is "widely regarded as an authoritative reference for aid organisations and governments in assessing trends in security threats."<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> A project of Humanitarian Outcomes, it receives funding from USAID. Since 1997, it has tracked incidents of violence such as abduction, killing, serious injury, and sexual assault but not safety incidents like vehicle crashes or accidental detonations during mine clearing projects. Aid workers are defined as employees and other staff of non-profit aid organizations providing humanitarian relief, such as the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, non-governmental organizations, UNDP, UNRWA, WHO, UNICEF, and other UN agencies. The database does not track attacks on UN peacekeepers, election monitors, or employees of advocacy organizations.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED) is another database that includes attacks on humanitarian workers in addition to other conflict-related incidents.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Insecurity Insight produces monthly Aid in Danger reports that highlight attacks during the month from news media, the AWSD and ACLED.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

The legal basis for the protection of humanitarian workers in armed conflicts is contained in the Geneva Conventions of 1949 and the related Protocols I and II of 1977. These treaties outline the rights and obligations of non-combatants who fulfill the criteria of protected persons during armed conflicts. These rights include the right to be treated humanely; to have access to food, water, shelter, medical treatment, and communications; to be free from violence to life and person, hostage taking, and humiliating or degrading treatment; and the prohibition against collective punishment or imprisonment. Protected persons include citizens and nationals of countries that are not a party to the conflict, except if such persons happen to be in the territory of a belligerent power, which maintains diplomatic relations with their home states.

While the Geneva Conventions guarantee protection for humanitarian workers, they do not guarantee access of humanitarian workers to affected areas: governments or occupying forces may, if they wish, ban a relief agency from working in their area. Médecins Sans Frontières was created in 1971 with the express purpose of ignoring this restriction, by providing assistance to populations affected by the Biafran civil war despite the prohibitions of the government of Nigeria.

In addition, the Geneva Conventions do not require that parties to the conflict guarantee the safety of humanitarian workers. The Conventions prohibit combatants from attacking protected persons, and they require occupying forces to maintain general order. However, the Conventions do not require that combating parties provide security escorts, for example, when other factions threaten the safety of protected persons operating in their area.

In 2003, the United Nations Security Council passed Resolution 1502 giving greater protection to humanitarian workers and treating attacks on them as a war crime. ICRC promotes a framework for Neutral Independent Humanitarian Action (NIHA) to enable differentiated role understanding.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Accidents and illnesses contribute only a minority of reported aid worker deaths; most are caused by deliberate violence, most often shootings and air strikes.<ref name=":13">Template:Cite journal</ref><ref name=":12">Template:Cite book</ref> Road travel is by far the most dangerous context for aid workers, who can be attacked via ambushes, IEDs, or fake checkpoints. Others include raids and individual attacks.<ref name=":12" /><ref name=":14" />

A large contributor to violence against aid workers is abduction, though most are not fatal. On average, foreign aid workers are abducted for a longer period than local staff due to higher ransom demands from kidnappers.<ref name=":12" /> Previously, abduction was the highest cause of violence, after the number of kidnappings quadrupled between 2002 and 2012.<ref name=":14">Template:Cite web</ref>

In 2008, 260 aid workers were attacked, the highest since the AWSD began in 1997.<ref name="ODI">Abby Stoddard, Adele Harmer and Victoria DiDomenico (2009) Providing Aid in Insecure Environments: Trends in violence against aid workers and the operational response (2009 Update) Template:Webarchive Overseas Development Institute</ref> The record increased in 2011 when 308 aid workers were attacked.<ref name=":14" /> Between 2013 and 2018, an average of 127 aid workers were killed, 120 injured, and 104 abducted per year.<ref name=":12" /> Between 1997 and 2018, the countries with the greatest total number of attacks on aid workers were Afghanistan, South Sudan, Sudan, Somalia, and Syria.<ref name=":12" /> During the Global War on Terror, including the Iraq War and War in Afghanistan, the number of attacks in the Middle East and Central Africa grew.<ref name=":12" /> After the CIA used a sham polio vaccination program to locate and kill Osama bin Laden, violence against vaccination aid workers increased.<ref name=":12" />

In 2019, the record for aid workers who were attacked increased again to 483.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In 2023, 595 aid workers were attacked. 280 aid workers were killed in 33 countries, 163 of which died in Gaza during the first three months of the Gaza War. The countries with the next highest number of deaths were South Sudan with 34 deaths and Sudan with 25.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> By November 2024, 281 aid workers had been killed, making 2024 the deadliest year for aid workers on record. 175 of the deaths occurred in Gaza. Additionally the UN stated that 333 aid workers had been killed thus far in the Gaza War, the highest number recorded in a single crisis.<ref name=":5">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name=":6">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name=":7">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name=":8">Template:Cite web</ref>

Motives

It is often hard to ascertain a motive for attacks on aid workers; for instance, in 55% of the incidents recorded by the AWSD in 2008, the motive was described as "undetermined".

<ref name="ODI" /> However, of those that were determined, political motivations have increased (29% of the determined total in 2003 to 49% in 2008) relative to economic motivations, or when the victim's status as an aid worker was only incidental.<ref name="ODI" /> Aid workers can be targeted for political reasons both directly and by association.<ref name="ODI" /> Sometimes the humanitarian organisation may be targeted for something that it has done or a statement it has made, or simply for the delivery of aid to a population, to whom others do not wish aid to reach.<ref name="ODI" /> It can also be targeted as a result of being associated as an entity collaborating with a group or government seen as an enemy, leading humanitarian organizations to strive be seen as politically independent and neutral.<ref name="ODI" /> However, evidence shows that this has little impact and instead that western aid agencies are perceived as an intrinsic part of western governments' agendas and not merely associated with it.<ref name="ODI" />

Afghanistan reflected this dynamic during the War on Terror when it was one of the most dangerous countries for humanitarian workers to operate. In 2007, 61% of incidents there were carried out by criminals and 39% by political opposition groups, but in 2008, 65% of incidents were the work of armed opposition groups.<ref name="ODI" /> According to a 2009 report by Humanitarian Outcomes, this increase in politically motivated attacks may have occurred because Afghan locals stopped distinguishing between organisations who worked with the US military and those who did not, with the notable exception of the ICRC. In remote areas, humanitarian workers sometimes represented the only accessible western target.<ref name="ODI" /> However, at least two studies did not find evidence indicating heightened aid worker insecurity in provinces where the US military was present.<ref>Watts, Clinton. 2004. Indicators of NGO security in Afghanistan. West Point: United States Military Academy, The Combating Terrorism Center.</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>

Afghanistan

War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)

2000s

  • November 2001 – Eight foreign aid workers were rescued after the Taliban imprisoned them on charges of spreading Christianity.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
  • November 2003 – UNHCR staff person Bettina Goislard was shot dead by a motorcycle-borne gunman while travelling by car in Ghazni.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
  • March 2003 – ICRC staff member Ricardo Munguia was shot and killed in an ambush north of Kandahar. He was working as a water engineer in Afghanistan and travelling with local colleague when their car was stopped by unknown armed men. He was killed execution-style at point-blank range while his colleagues were allowed to escape. The killing prompted the ICRC to temporarily suspend operations across Afghanistan.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
  • February 2004 – Five Afghans working for the Sanayee Development Foundation were killed when their vehicle was ambushed northeast of Kabul.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
  • June 2004 – Five staff working for Médecins Sans Frontières were killed on the road between Khairkhana and Qala e Naw in Badghis Province, resulting in the complete withdrawal of MSF from Afghanistan. The names of the murdered staff were: Hélène de Beir, Willem Kwint, Egil Tynaes, Fasil Ahmad and Besmillah.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
  • May 2006 — Two Malteser International workers were killed and one UNICEF worker was injured while driving back from a mission in a UN vehicle near Herat.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
  • May 2006 — Three female Afghan employees of Action Aid and their driver were killed by Taliban in the northern province of Jowzjan.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
  • January 2008– Six people, including at least one aid worker from the USA named Thor Hesla, were killed in the Kabul Serena Hotel attack.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
  • January 2008 – Cyd Mizell, an aid worker with the Asian Rural Life Foundation, and her Afghan driver were kidnapped in Kandahar. They were presumed dead.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The FBI recovered Mizell's skeletal remains in 2023 after offering a $5 million reward for information.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
  • August 2008 – Three female International Rescue Committee (IRC) workers and their local driver were killed in an ambush as they drove back to Kabul from Logar Province. One was an American national.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
  • October 2008 – Gayle Williams, an aid worker with SERVE Afghanistan, was killed as she walked to work in Kabul.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
  • October 2009 – Five United Nations staff, two Afghan security personnel, and an Afghan civilian were killed by three Taliban attackers in an assault on the Bekhtar Guesthouse in Kabul. Nine other UN staff, also there working for the presidential election, were wounded.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

2010s

2020s

2025

Algeria

Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002 – present)

Bangladesh

Belgium

World War I

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Bosnian war (1992 – 1995)

  • January 1993 – Three British aid workers from Crown Agents/ UNHCR were ambushed in their vehicle in Zenica. One, Paul Goodall, died and the other two were wounded while fleeing.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Three of the gunmen were later killed by security forces; another was arrested but escaped.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
  • July 1993 – Christine Witcutt, a Scottish aid worker from Edinburgh Direct Aid, was shot and killed by a sniper after delivering supplies to a Sarajevo hospital.<ref name="News2001">Template:Citation</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Burundi

Burundian civil war (1993 – 2005)

2007

  • December – An Action Against Hunger vehicle was targeted by shooters in Ruyigi. Five people, including three female expatriate staff of Action Against Hunger, were inside the vehicle. One of them, a French psychologist, died upon arrival at the hospital in Gitega as a result of her injuries. The second victim suffered a gunshot wound. The third expatriate escaped uninjured.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Central African Republic

  • June 2007 – An MSF logistician was killed when her car was hit by gunfire during an assessment mission near Paoua<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
  • November 2009 – Two French aid workers employed by Triangle Generation Humanitaire were kidnapped in Birao and held for 4 months before being freed in Darfur.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Chad

  • May 2008 – The country director of Save the Children UK was shot dead when his car was attacked near Hadjer Hadid.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
  • August 2009 – A logistician working for MSF and his Chadian assistant were kidnapped in Ade. The Chadian was freed soon afterwards while the logistician was released a month later.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
  • June 2010 – A logistician working for Oxfam GB was kidnapped in Abéché. He was rescued 10 days later by security forces near the border with Sudan.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Chechnya

Dagestan

Democratic Republic of the Congo

Congo Crisis (1960 – 1965)

Second Congo War (1998 – 2003)

Kivu conflict

  • November 2023 — A humanitarian convoy of eight vehicles was attacked by armed men in the Fizi territory. Fifteen members from the NGOs Congo Handicap (CH) and Action Communautaire pour le Développement Durable (ACDD), along with two humanitarian workers, were kidnapped, and three of the vehicles were set on fire. The two humanitarian workers were released later that day.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
  • June 2024 – Two aid workers of Tearfund were killed and several injured in an attack on their aid convoy near Butembo.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
  • February 2025 – Three local HEKS/EPER employees were attacked and killed in the Rutshuru Territory of North Kivu. As a result, the Swiss aid organization temporarily suspended all activities in the region.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
  • February 2025 – 49-year-old Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) member Jerry Muhindo Kavali was shot during an attack on his organization's base in Masisi. He died two days later in a hospital in Goma.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Ethiopia

Somali Civil War

  • September 2008 – A nurse and a doctor working for Medecins du Monde were kidnapped in Fadhigaradle village (Somali Region) and taken across the border to Somalia. They were released 4 months later.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

War in Amhara (2018 – present)

  • August 2024 – Ethiopian Yared Melese, a staff member of ASDEPO (Action for Social Development and Environmental Protection Organization), was kidnapped for ransom and killed by a criminal armed group in Dawunt Woreda.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
  • September 2024 – Plan International member Teklemariam Tarekegn was killed in Debre Mewi, Amhara.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Tigray war (2020 – 2022)

  • May 2021 – Ethiopian Negasi Kidane, staff member of CISP (International Committee for the Development of Peoples) was killed by a stray bullet in Tigray.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
  • June 2021 – Three MSF staff were killed while looking for injured people in the Tigray region. According to investigators, they were shot by the Ethiopian military because a commander did not want MSF staff to work in an active combat zone.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Guinea

  • September 2000 – Killing of one UNHCR staff member and the abduction of another in Macenta.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Indonesia

East Timorese crisis (1999 – 2002)

Insurgency in Aceh (1976 – 2005)

  • December 2000 – Three aid workers were forced out of their vehicle and taken to an abandoned house where they were shot to death. One aid worker escaped and accused Indonesian security forces of carrying out the attack.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Iran

Iraq

Iraq War (2003–2011)

War in Iraq (2013–2017)

Israel

October 7 attacks

Kenya

Dadaab Refugee Camp

  • October 2011 – Two Spanish women who worked for Médecins sans Frontières were kidnapped by gunmen<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> and released in July 2013.
  • July 2012 – Two Norwegian Refugee Council vehicles were attacked while traveling. A Kenyan driver was killed, and Steve Dennis and four other international staff were abducted for several days. After their rescue by a militia, Dennis sued Norwegian Refugee Council for negligence and was awarded 4.4 million Norwegian kroner.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Lebanon

2006 Lebanon War

  • July — The Israeli military struck 2 Lebanese Red Cross ambulances in Qana with 2 missiles, injuring the 6 workers and 3 patients inside.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The 2 ambulances were destroyed, and the Lebanese Red Cross stopped operations and demanded that the IDF ensure their safety.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

2007 Lebanon conflict

Lesotho

Madagascar

  • December 2021 – 23-year-old humanitarian worker Todisoa Andrinirina Fitiavana was killed in an attack while en route to oversee a food distribution by the World Food Programme (WFP) in the Amboasary district of southern Madagascar.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Mali

War in the Sahel (2011 – present)

  • June 2022 – Two Red Cross workers were killed when armed men on motorcycles shot at their clearly marked vehicle.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
  • March 2023 – Two ICRC staff members were kidnapped and later released on March 20.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
  • October 2024 – An MSF team was attacked and robbed by armed men in the Segou region.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Niger

War in the Sahel (2011 – present)

Nigeria

Boko Haram insurgency (2009 – present)

  • August 2011 – The United Nations Headquarters in Abuja was attacked by a suicide car bomber, killing at least 18 people, injuring dozens, and causing massive devastation to the building itself. Boko Haram claimed responsibility.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
  • July 2016 – A humanitarian convoy was attacked in Borno State, and a UNICEF worker was injured.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
  • January 2017 – Six aid workers were killed, 8 seriously wounded, and numerous civilians were killed following a government airstrike on a refugee camp in Rann, Borno State.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
  • March 2018 — Three humanitarian workers and eight security personnel were killed. Midwives Saifura Khorsa and Hauwa Liman, both working for ICRC, were kidnapped and murdered months later on September 16 and October 16 by Boko Haram.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The nurse Alice Loksha, working for UNICEF, was also kidnapped and managed to escape in October 2024 after 6 years in captivity.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
  • July 2020 – Five aid workers of were abducted and later executed in Borno state by a group thought to be Islamic State – West Africa Province.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
  • October 2024 – Two aid workers were captured and later executed by Boko Haram.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
  • December 2024 – Two aid workers were captured and later executed by Islamic State West Africa Province (ISWAP) near Zari town in Borno State.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Pakistan

  • October 2009 – Three United Nations staff killed in a suicide bombing attack against the office of the World Food Programme in the capital city Islamabad by the Pakistani Taliban.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
  • March 2010 — Six employees of World Vision were killed and six severely injured when their office in the Mansehra district was targeted for "running programs to help women" in the North-West Frontier Province. 15 gunmen stormed the office, started shooting, threw a bomb and left.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
  • July 2012 – UN polio vaccine doctor from Ghana was shot in Karachi. His driver was also injured.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
  • December 2012 – A series of attacks occurred against a polio eradication program, killing five female health workers, including one teenage volunteer in Karachi and Peshawar.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Palestine

First Intifada (1987-1993)

Second Intifada (2000-2005)

  • March 2002 – A PRCS ambulance was attacked by the IDF, causing the oxygen tanks to catch fire. A second ambulance sent to rescue the first was also attacked. Khalil Suleiman, head of PRCS emergency medical services, was killed and five other ambulance workers from both ambulances were injured.<ref name=":11">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name=":32">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name=":22">Template:Cite web</ref>
  • November 2002 – Iain Hook, an UNRWA project manager from the UK, was shot and killed by an Israeli sniper in Jenin. Caoimhe Butterly, an Irish human rights activist, was also shot in the foot.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Gaza War (2008–2009)

  • January 2009 – The UN paused operations in Gaza after the Israeli military killed two staff in a marked UN vehicle and killed more than 46 Palestinians taking refuge in UN schools.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Blockade of the Gaza Strip (June 2007 – present)

2018–2019 Gaza border protests

Gaza war (2023 – present)

Template:See also

2024

2025

  • January – WFP reported that the Israeli military fired at least 16 bullets at their aid convoy. The attack was condemned by Cindy McCain on X.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
  • March – The UN reported that the Israeli military attacked their compound in Deir al-Balah, killing a Bulgarian staff member and seriously injuring six other staff.<ref name=":17">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name=":18">Template:Cite web</ref> The staff were members of the United Nations Mine Action Service.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The UN called for an independent investigation and removed 30% of their international staff from Gaza.<ref name=":17" /><ref name=":18" /> Israeli denied responsibility for the attack until April when they stated an Israeli tank had mistakenly fired on the UN compound.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Bulgaria opened an investigation in May for the murder of a person under international protection.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
  • March – World Central Kitchen reported that the Israeli military attacked one of its food distribution programs during meal time. The attack killed one of its volunteers and injured six other people.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name=":19">Template:Cite web</ref>
  • March – The bodies of 8 missing PRCS staff were recovered in a mass grave along with their ambulances and the bodies of 6 other emergency responders and an UNRWA worker.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The Israeli military said they had targeted Hamas fighters and that the convoy had approached without their lights on.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name=":19" /> However, video footage showed the Israeli military shooting at the clearly marked emergency vehicles. According to a New York Times investigation, Israeli forces bulldozed the site after the attack.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The Rafah paramedic massacre was the deadliest attack on IFRC workers since 2017.<ref name=":6" />
  • August – The Palestinian Red Crescent Society reported that the Israeli air force launched multiple strikes on their headquarters in Khan Younis. One staff member was killed and 2 were injured in the first strike. A civilian who attempted to put out the fire was also injured. The building was struck two more times while staff were leaving.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Rwanda

Serbia

Sierra Leone

Sierra Leone Civil War (1991–2002)

Somalia

Somali Civil War

1990s

2000s

2010s

2020s

South Sudan

Lord's Resistance Army insurgency (2002–2005)

  • November 2005 – Collin Lee, who worked for International Aid Services died when his jeep, containing his wife and driver, was ambushed by the LRA.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

South Sudanese Civil War (2013—2020)

  • February 2015—A British aid worker was followed and shot by gunmen while entering the Carter Center office compound in Juba.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
  • July 2016—During the Battle of Juba (2016), South Sudanese soldiers attacked people, including foreign aid workers, in a hotel compound. The attack included the killing of a local journalist, assaults, mock executions, and gang rapes.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> After an investigation found that UN peacekeepers failed to respond to calls for help, their commander was removed from his position.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In August 2018, 10 soldiers were sentenced to prison for the attack.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
  • March 2017—Six aid workers were killed in an attack that occurred while they were traveling from Juba to Pibor.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
  • April 2018— An aid worker was shot and killed while traveling in a Catholic Organization for Relief and Development Aid vehicle. The UN condemned the attack and urged for the SPLA-IO to release 7 other South Sudan Health Association aid workers who had been held for a month.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

2023

Sri Lanka

Sri Lankan civil war (1983–2009)

Sudan

War in Darfur (2003–2020)

  • October 2004 – A Save the Children vehicle was hit by an anti-tank landmine in the Um Barro area in North Darfur. Two members of staff travelling in the vehicle were killed, namely Rafe Bullick (British, Programme Manager, North Darfur) and Nourredine Issa Tayeb (Sudanese, Water Engineer).<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
  • December 2004 - Two Save the Children UK workers, Abhakar el Tayeb and Yacoub Abdel Nabi Ahmed, were taken out of their car at a checkpoint and murdered in cold blood, even though they and the vehicle were clearly identifiable as humanitarian workers
  • July 2009 – Sharon Commins and Hilda Kawuki, two GOAL aid workers, were kidnapped in Darfur and held for 4 months.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The Sudanese government denied reports that they had paid a ransom to secure her release.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> After her release, Commins accused GOAL of taking insufficient safety precautions.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
  • October 2009 – A French ICRC delegate was kidnapped and released after 5 months in West Darfur.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Sudanese civil war (2023–present)

  • December 2023 — Two ICRC staff were killed and 7 injured during an attack on a aid convoy in Khartoum.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
  • May 2024 – Two ICRC drivers were shot and killed in South Darfur. Three ICRC aid workers suffered serious injuries but survived the incident.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref name=":9">Template:Cite web</ref>
  • May 2024 – Sudanese Red Crescent Society (SRCS) volunteer Bashir Shuaib was killed.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
  • April 2024 – Three Sudanese World Food Programme staff members named Osman Ali, Siddig Mohammed, and Yousif Elzain were killed in a remote area in North Darfur.<ref name=":9" /><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
  • June 2024 – Voluntary aid worker Abdul Rahman Al-Hadi Adlan was detained and later killed by Rapid Support Forces in Kabkabiya.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
  • June 2024 – Eight aid workers were killed in North Dafur.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
  • July 2024 – Three UN World Food Programme (WFP) trucks on their way to Central Darfur were attacked and looted by armed men.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
  • December 2024 – Three members of the World Food Programme were killed in an airstrike that hit their field office in Yabus, Blue Nile state.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
  • January 2025 – An MSF ambulance was attacked while transporting a woman in labor to a hospital. One female caretaker was shot and died.<ref name=":10">Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
  • February 2025 – Sudanese Red Crescent Society (SRCS) volunteer Iman Abbas was killed by artillery shelling at the Sabreen open market in Omdurman.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
  • February 2025 – Two aid workers were killed in attacks by the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) at the Zamzam Refugee Camp.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Syria

Syrian civil war (2011—2024)

  • September 2011 – An attack on an ambulance by unknown assailants injured three rescuers and the wounded patient it was transporting in Homs, one of the rescuers, Hakam Drak Sibai, died due to his wounds.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
  • December 2011 – Two United Nations aid workers and a 3rd colleague were shot to death in Mataban, Hiran. The UN workers, who worked specifically for the World Food Program, had been monitoring the distribution of food and camps for internally displaced peoples. United Nations operations in Mataban were temporarily suspended.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Tajikistan

  • December 1997 – A French aid worker, Karine Mane, was taken hostage and died two weeks later during a failed rescue mission by government forces.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
  • June 2001 – Kidnappers asked for the release of detained militants after taking a group of aid workers hostage.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Tanzania

Ukraine

Russian invasion of Ukraine (2022—present)

  • January 2023 — 47-year-old New Zealand volunteer Dr. Andrew Bagshaw and 28-year-old British aid worker Chris Parry were killed by gunshot wounds to the head and body in the Soledar region.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
  • September 2023 — Emma Igual (Spanish) and Anthony Ihnat (Canadian) were killed when their vehicle suffered a "direct hit" in Ivanivske when attempting to reach Bakhmut. The incident left two other volunteers (German and Swedish nationals) injured, who were evacuated and treated outside of Ukraine.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
  • February 2023 — Pete Reed, the Ukraine country director for Global Outreach Doctors, was killed in a guided missile strike while helping to evacuate wounded civilians in Bakhmut.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
  • February 2024 – Two HEKS/EPER workers were killed and 4 injured when their vehicle was attacked in Beryslav, Khersonska Oblast.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
  • September 2024 – Three ICRC members were killed at an aid distribution site in Viroliubivka.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Yemen

Yemeni crisis (2011—present)

  • June 2012 – A Yemeni staff member of the ICRC was killed in an air strike by the Yemeni Armed Forces in Abyan. According to his family, he had been working on a colleague's release from kidnappers.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
  • May 2013 – Three ICRC staff were kidnapped while working in Abyan and released after a few days.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
  • September 2015 – Two Yemeni ICRC staff were killed after a gunman fired on their convoy heading to Sanaa. As a result, the ICRC temporarily paused travel in Yemen.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
  • December 2015– A French-Tunisian ICRC staff member was abducted on her way to work in Sanaa. A video of her requesting assistance from French President François Hollande and the ICRC was posted online a few months later.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> She was released in October 2016.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
  • June 2018— A Lebanese ICRC staff member was shot and killed by an unknown gunman in Taiz. He was traveling in a marked vehicle to work at a prison.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
  • June 2024 – OHCHR reported that over 60 Yemeni workers from the UN and other NGOs were arrested by the Houthis. They joined at least four UN workers who have been detained since 2021 and 2023. The Houthis claimed to have arrested members of an "American-Israeli spy network" and released videos of ten Yemeni people confessing to being spies. OHCHR said that one of the videos depicted a staff member and that the confession was forced.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
  • January 2025 – Seven UN workers have been detained after the US reclassified the Houthis as a foreign terrorist organizations. As a consequence of the detainment of their workers, the UN has suspended its movements into and within Houthi-held areas.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> On February 10, one member of the UN World Food Programme died in prison.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

See also

References

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Template:Humanitarian AidTemplate:War crimes

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