Baden bei Wien

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Template:Use dmy dates Template:Infobox settlement

Contemporary illustration of Baden from 1482

Baden (Central Bavarian: Bodn),<ref name=char>Template:Citation</ref> unofficially distinguished from other Badens as Baden bei Wien (Template:IPA; 'Spa town near Vienna'),<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> is a spa town in Austria. It serves as the capital of Baden District in the state of Lower Austria. Located about Template:Convert south of Vienna, the municipality consists of cadastral areas Baden, Braiten, Gamingerhof, Leesdorf, Mitterberg, Rauhenstein, and Weikersdorf.

In 2021, the town became part of the transnational UNESCO World Heritage Site under the name "Great Spa Towns of Europe" because of its famous medicinal springs and its architectural testimony to the international spa culture on the 18th and 19th centuries.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Geography and Geology

The "Spa Park" (Template:Lang) entrance

Baden is located at the mouth of the Schwechat River's St Helena Valley (Template:Lang)Template:Sfnp in the Vienna Woods (Template:Lang) range. It takes its name from the area's 14 hot springs, which vary in temperature from Template:ConvertTemplate:Sfnp and contain mineral salts including calcium carbonate, calcium chloride and magnesium sulphate.Template:Sfnp<ref name = "nominate"/> They lie for the most part at the foot of Mt Calvary (Template:Lang; Template:Convert) in the north-central part of town.Template:Sfnp<ref name = "nominate"/> These springs are caused by runoff from the Northern Limestone Alps and tectonic fissures within the Vienna Basin.<ref name = "nominate"/>

The highest point in the area is the Iron Gate (Template:Lang or Template:Lang), whose Template:Convert can be ascended in about three hours.Template:Sfnp

History

The celebrity of Baden dates back to the days of the Romans, who knew it by the name of Template:LangTemplate:Sfnp or Template:Lang.Template:Sfnp Some ruins are still visible.Template:Sfnp The settlement was mentioned as Padun in a deed from AD 869. The nearby abbey of Heiligenkreuz's Romanesque church was constructed in the 11th century; it subsequently served as the burial place for members of the Babenberg family.Template:Sfnp The castle Rauheneck was constructed on the right bank of the river at the entrance to the valley in the 12th century; the castle Rauhenstein was built on the opposite bank at the same time.Template:Sfnp The town received its legal privileges in 1480.Template:Sfnp Although repeatedly sacked by Hungarians and Turks, it soon flourished again each time.Template:Sfnp

A map of Baden in 1901

The town was largely destroyed by a fire in 1812 but was excellently rebuiltTemplate:Sfnp in a Biedermeier style according to plans by architect Joseph Kornhäusel, it is therefore sometimes referred to as the "Biedermeierstadt". Archduke Charles, the victor of Aspern, constructed the Weilburg Palace at the foot of Rauheneck between 1820 and 1825.Template:Sfnp In the 19th century, it was connected to the railway running between Vienna and Graz, which led to thousands of Viennese visiting each year to take the waters, including members of the imperial family, who constructed extensive villas nearby.Template:Sfnp<ref name = "nominate">Template:Cite report</ref> In 1820, the Sauerhof became the first freestanding spa hotel in Europe.<ref name = "nominate"/> The composer Ludwig van Beethoven stayed a number of times in Baden and his residences still form local tourist spots. The location at Rathausgasse 10 now forms a museum open to the public.Template:Refn Mayerling, a hunting lodge about Template:Convert up the valley, was the site of Crown Prince Rudolf's murder-suicide in 1889.Template:Sfnp Its primary export in the 19th century were steel razors, which were reckoned of excellent quality.Template:Sfnp

The City Theater (Template:Lang)
The 1934 casino

The town boasted a theater, military hospital, and casino, all constructed in the late 1800s and early 1900s.Template:Sfnp<ref name = "nominate"/> The City Theater (Template:Lang) was built in 1909 by Ferdinand Fellner. By the time of the First World War, Baden was Vienna's principal resort: Template:Nowrap came each year, double the town's local population.Template:Sfnp In addition to a modern "spa house" (Template:Lang), there were 15 separate bathing establishments and several parks.Template:Sfnp During the war, Baden served as a temporary seat of the Austro-Hungarian high command. A new casino in 1934 made the town the premier resort throughout Austria.Template:Citation needed The Château Weilburg was destroyed during World War II. After World War II, Baden served as the headquarters of Soviet forces within occupied Austria until 1955.Template:Citation needed

Transport

Baden can be reached by the Süd Autobahn (A2). It lies on the Südbahn (Southern Railway), the Baden railway station is served by S-Bahn, regional trains, and the Cityjet Xpress train connecting it directly to Vienna and Wiener Neustadt every 30 minutes during peak hours.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

It also the terminus of the local Badner Bahn tram-train.

Politics

The municipal council (Gemeinderat) consists of 41 seats. Since the 2025 Lower Austrian local elections, the council is made up of the following parties and lists:<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

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Population

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Notable people

Template:Category see also

Marianne Hainisch, 1872
painting of Katharina Schratt
Max Reinhardt, 1911
Arnulf Rainer Museum
painting of Georg Anton Rollett, 1824
Erwin Hoffer, 2009

Public service

Arts

Science & business

Sport

Notes

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References

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Bibliography

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Template:Cities and towns in Baden (district) Template:The Great Spa Towns of Europe Template:Authority control

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