Bagong Alyansang Makabayan

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Template:Short description Template:For Template:Multiple issues Template:Use Philippine English Template:Use mdy dates

Template:Infobox Philippine political party

File:Day 14 Occupy Wall Street September 30 2011 Shankbone 18.JPG
Members of Bayan USA march in New York in solidarity with Occupy Wall Street
File:Filipinx at San Francisco July 2016 rally against police violence.jpg
Members of Bayan USA and GABRIELA USA protest against police violence in San Francisco

The Bagong Alyansang Makabayan (Template:Literal translation) or Bayan (Template:Literal translation) is a political campaign alliance of various left-wing sectoral organizations in the Philippines that adhere to National Democratic principles. It was founded on International Workers' Day, May 1, 1985 as part of the opposition during the Marcos dictatorship.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Politics

Ideology

The principle of Bayan is National Democracy. It believes that:<ref name = "communelect">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Dreisbach, Jeconiah Louis. "Performing politics: dissent of the mass movement against neoliberal policies in the Philippines." Idealogy Journal 4.1 (2019): 1-7.</ref>

However, unlike underground revolutionary organizations such as the Communist Party of the Philippines; its armed wing, the New People's Army and its united front, the National Democratic Front, members of Bayan do not take up arms. They participate in the urban mass movement through mass mobilizations.

Political structure

Bayan operates as an alliance of different sectoral organizations.<ref>Mercaida, Enrique G. “The Role of People’s Organizations In Philippine Political

Development.” Philippine Journal of Public Administration, vol. XXX, no. 2, Apr. 1986</ref> It follows a democratic and central structure. Its own documentation<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> suggests that it is a centralized organization, including:Template:Cn

  • chapters as the smallest units
  • the general assembly as the highest policymaking body
  • the national council, which meets twice a year or more often if needed
  • the national executive committee to implement the policies of the general assembly and national council
  • five specialized commissions
  • the general secretariat that runs day-to-day operations
  • a national office in Quezon City in Metro Manila.

As an umbrella group of the National-Democratic Movement in the Philippines, BAYAN is associated with several organizations:


History

Bayan was founded by Leandro "Lean" Alejandro, a leader of the League of Filipino Students, and former senator Lorenzo Tañada on May 1, 1985, during the Marcos dictatorship.<ref name = "communelect" /> It brought together more than a thousand grassroots and progressive organizations, representing over a million people, and was largely national democratic.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> From May 4 to 5, Bayan held its first congress at the Ateneo de Manila University in Quezon City, with former senators Tañada and Jose W. Diokno elected as its first chairman and president respectively.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Two weeks after the first congress, however, newly elected National Council members Butz Aquino and Teofisto Guingona Jr. left the group, while Diokno would also resign as president some months later, with the three being reportedly uneasy about the growing influence of the Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP) and its National Democratic Front (NDF) in the alliance.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

In early 1986, Bayan called for a boycott of the snap presidential election, reasoning that it was merely being used by president Ferdinand Marcos' administration to perpetuate its power over the country.<ref>Template:Cite tweet</ref> As a result of its boycott, however, the group grew politically isolated, and although it was involved in the People Power Revolution against the Marcos dictatorship in the weeks after the election, Bayan admitted in its second congress that the boycott muted its chance to "meaningfully participate in the February uprising".<ref>Template:Cite tweet</ref> Etta Rosales, then in charge of the Popular Struggle Commission of Bayan, noted that the group was "disoriented" by the large turnout in the uprising due to its hesitance to support military officials such as Fidel V. Ramos and Juan Ponce Enrile.<ref name="PDISarmientoJr."/> This coincided with the isolation that also occurred to the CPP during the revolution.<ref name="PDISarmientoJr.">Template:Cite news</ref> Nonetheless, the new political environment after the revolution enabled the creation of the now defunct Partido ng Bayan (People's Party) that participated in the 1987 elections.

On September 19, 1987, Alejandro was assassinated by unknown gunmen in front of Bayan headquarters in Quezon City.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Numerous members of Congress such as Nikki Coseteng and Edcel Lagman strongly condemned the assassination, with Speaker pro tempore Antonio Cuenco denouncing the attack and asking authorities to immediately solve the crime.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Sociology professor Zenaida Uy, chairwoman of Bayan's Cebu chapter, would later be elected to succeed Alejandro as secretary-general in December 1987.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Since 1998, Bayan Muna, the political party of the organization, has been the leading party-list member in the House of Representatives of the Philippines.<ref name=BAYAN_history>Bayan History Template:Webarchive</ref>

On August 7, 2002, the secretary-general of Bayan, Teodoro A. Casiño, claimed that under the Gloria Macapagal Arroyo presidency, soldiers murdered at least 13 Bayan and Bayan Muna members.<ref>Codewan.com Template:Webarchive</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

In a resolution passed during the Bayan 7th Congress in August 2004, the coalition would expand to include overseas Filipino organizations as official members of Bayan. In January 2005, the first Bayan USA assembly was held in San Francisco. As the first overseas Bayan chapter, Bayan USA directly coordinated the implementation of Bayan campaigns with Bayan member organizations in the United States. These organizations include the NY Committee for Human Rights in the Philippines, the League of Filipino Students in San Francisco State University, Anakbayan (New York/New Jersey, Los Angeles, San Diego, Honolulu, East Bay, Portland, and Seattle), the Critical Filipino/Filipina Studies Collective, Habi Ng Kalinangan, babaeSF (San Francisco), Pinay Sa Seattle, and Filipinas for Rights and Empowerment (FiRE).Template:Citation needed

On February 25, 2006, Bayan Muna Rep. Satur Ocampo managed to evade arrest in Quezon City after leaving a press conference held by minority members of the House of Representatives at the Sulô Hotel in response to President Arroyo's state of emergency declaration.<ref name="GMANewsescorted">Template:Cite news</ref> Two days later, police authorities issued an arrest warrant for Ocampo and 50 other left-leaning figures with charges of rebellion.<ref name="GMANewsescorted"/>

After the 2007 elections, and the death of Anakpawis representative Crispin Beltran, Bayan had five combined representatives in the 14th Congress of the Philippines: Ocampo and Casiño of Bayan Muna, Rafael V. Mariano of Anakpawis, and Liza Maza and Luzviminda Ilagan of GABRIELA.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>Template:Failed verification

In the 2010 elections, Bayan had seven congressmen in the lower house, including Raymond Palatino, Neri Colmenares, and Luzviminda Iligan.Template:Cn

File:BAYAN Officers 2023.jpg
Newly-elected officers of Bagong Alyansang Makabayan, 2023.

During the 2013 Philippine Elections, all party lists except for Aking Bikolnon ran for sectoral representatives. Kalikasan and Courage were disqualified, while Kabataan and Piston faced charges of disqualification that were subsequently lifted. Bayan Muna and GABRIELA won two seats each; with Neri Colmenares and Carlos Zarate for Bayan Muna and Luzviminda Ilagan and Emmi de Jesus for Gabriela. Meanwhile, ACT, Anakpawis and Kabataan won 1 seat each; with Antonio Tinio, Fernando "Ka Pando" Hicap and Terry Ridon as their respective representatives. Template:Cn

Makabayan and Bayan also fielded former Bayan Muna representative Teodoro "Teddy" Casiño, who has served for 9 years as one of the congressmen of the said partylist. He placed 22nd out of 35, garnering about 3.5 million votes.Template:Cn

List of chairpersons, secretary-generals and presidents

File:September 21 Baha sa Luneta anti-corruption protest at Mendiola.jpg
BAYAN and Makabayan leaders near Mendiola during the Baha sa Luneta September 21, 2025 anti-corruption protests.

Chairperson

Secretary-general

President

See also

References

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