Bangladeshi taka
Template:Short description Template:Redirect Template:Use dmy dates Template:Infobox currency Template:Contains special characters
The taka (Template:Langx, Template:Ipa, sign: Template:Lang, code: BDT, short form: Tk) is the currency of Bangladesh.
Issuance of banknotes Template:Lang10 and larger is controlled by Bangladesh Bank, while the Template:Lang2 and Template:Lang5 govt. notes are the responsibility of the ministry of finance. The govt. notes of Tk. 2 and Tk.5 have mostly been replaced by coins while lower denomination coins (including all poysha coins) up to Tk. 1 have almost gone out of circulation due to inflation. The most commonly used symbol for the taka is "Template:Lang" and "Tk", used on receipts while purchasing goods and services. It is divided into 100 poysha, but poysha coins are no longer in circulation. The poysha is still used for accounting purposes (e.g., Tk 123,456.78 for 123,456 taka and 78 poysha).
On 8 May 2024, the central bank placed the taka in a crawling peg to the US dollar, with a rate of 117 takas per US dollar.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Etymology
According to The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language and Banglapedia, the word ṭaka came from the Sanskrit word ṭaṅka, meaning silver coin,<ref>Template:Cite encyclopedia</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> a Kulturwort of unclear origin, related to Turkic təñkə "coin, money", compare Tatar tanka, Uzbek tanga, Kazakh tenge, Russian denʹga.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In Bangla, the word taka is also used generically to refer to any form of money, currency, or banknotes. Thus, colloquially, a person speaking in Bangla may use "taka" to refer to money regardless of what currency it is denominated in. This is also common in the Indian states of West Bengal and Tripura, where the official name of the Indian rupee is "taka" as well. In other eastern Indian languages with the influence of Prakrit in Bihar it is "taka" in Maithili and Magadhi languages, in Assam it is টকা tôka and it is ଟଙ୍କା taṅkā in Odisha.
History
1947–1971
After the Partition of Bengal in 1947, East Bengal became the eastern wing of Pakistan and was renamed to East Pakistan under the One Unit Scheme in 1956. The Pakistani rupee also bore the word taka on official notes and coins. Bangla was one of the two national languages of the Pakistan union between 1956 and 1971 (the other being Urdu). The Bangladeshi taka came into existence since 1972, a year after the independence of the eastern wing of the union, as the independent nation of Bangladesh.
Prior to the Liberation war in 1971, banknotes of the State Bank of Pakistan circulated throughout Bangladesh, and continued to be used in Bangladesh even after independence for only about three months until the official introduction of the taka on 4 March 1972. During the war, it was an unofficial practice of some Bengali nationalists to protest Pakistani rule by stamping banknotes with "Template:Lang" and "BANGLA DESH" as two words in either Bangla or English. These locally produced stamps are known to exist in several varieties, as are forgeries. On 8 June 1971, the Pakistani government declared that all banknotes bearing such stamps ceased to be legal tender. Furthermore, to prevent looted high-denomination notes from disrupting the Pakistani economy, the government also withdrew the legal tender status of all 100- and 500-rupee notes.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
Since 1972
On 4 March 1972, the taka replaced the Pakistani rupee at par.
Treasury banknotes
- The first treasury notes in 1972 for Template:Lang1 and notes of the Bangladesh Bank for Template:Lang5, Template:Lang10 and Template:Lang100.
- In 1977, banknotes for Template:Lang50 were introduced, followed by Template:Lang500 in 1979 and Template:Lang20 in 1982.
- Template:Lang1 treasury notes were issued until 1992, with Template:Lang2 treasury notes introduced in 1989.
- Template:Lang1000 banknotes were introduced in 2008.
- Template:Lang5 banknotes, previously issued by Bangladesh Bank, are now issued by the Government of Bangladesh. These have mostly been replaced by coins since the early 2000s.
Banknotes and issues
In 2000, the government issued polymer Template:Lang10 notes as an experiment (similar to the Australian dollar). They proved unpopular, however, and were withdrawn later. At present, the Template:Lang1 and Template:Lang5 notes have mostly been replaced with coins, and in 2008, the government issued Template:Lang1,000 notes.
In 2011, Bangladesh Bank began issuing a new series of banknotes denominated in Template:Lang2, Template:Lang5, Template:Lang100, Template:Lang500, and Template:Lang1000. All are dated 2011 and feature a portrait and watermark of the Father of the Nation, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, along the National Martyr's Monument in Savar at center front.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
From 2011, the Bangladesh Bank introduced new notes denominated in Template:Lang10, Template:Lang20, and Template:Lang50 on 7 March 2012. The notes bear the portrait of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman and the National Martyr's Monument in Savar on the front. On the back of the notes, the Template:Lang10 will picture the Baitul Mukarram mosque, the Template:Lang20 pictures the Shat Gombuj mosque in Bagherat, and the Template:Lang50 notes feature Shilpacharjo Zainul Abedin's famous painting Ploughing.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
On 7 March 2019, Bangladesh Bank released new ৳100 notes, which had the same design as 2011 Version, but had better security, a stronger Blue and were made of a different material.
On 15 December 2019, Bangladesh Bank issued new ৳50 banknotes, with the same design as the 2011 version, but had a different colour (orange, brown and fluorescent yellow-green), and a slightly different design in some parts.
On 17 March 2020, Bangladesh Bank introduced new ৳200 notes. They bear a portrait of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman on both sides and a landscape picture of a village, river and boats.
Commemorative banknotes
In 2011, Bangladesh Bank also introduced a Template:Lang40 note to commemorate the "40th Victory Anniversary of Bangladesh". The commemorative note features a portrait of the Father of the Nation, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman and the National Martyr's Monument in Savar on front, and six armed men on back. This note has an electrotype 10 in the watermark, indicating it was likely printed on extra Template:Lang10 banknote paper.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
On 15 February 2012, Bangladesh Bank has introduced a Template:Lang60 note to commemorate "60 years of National Movement". The commemorative note measures Template:Convert and features the Shaeed Minar (Martyrs' monument) in Dhaka and five men on the back. Like the Template:Lang40 commemorative note, this note has an electrotype 50 in the watermark. It was likely printed on extra Template:Lang50 banknote paper.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
On 26 January 2013, Bangladesh Bank issued a Template:Lang25 note to commemorate the 25th anniversary (silver jubilee) of the Security Printing Corporation (Bangladesh) Ltd. On the front is the National Martyr's Monument in Savar, the designs of the previous series of the Bangladeshi taka notes and its postage stamps, three spotted deer and the magpie-robin (doyel). On the reverse is the headquarters of the Security Printing Corporation. Curiously, this note has an electrotype 10 in the watermark, indicating it was likely printed on extra Template:Lang10 banknote paper.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
On 8 July 2013, Bangladesh Bank issued a Template:Lang100 note to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the Bangladesh National Museum. The commemorative note features an 18th-century terracotta plaque of a horseman on the front and the Bangladesh National Museum on the back.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Coins
In 1973, coins were introduced in denominations of 5, 10, 25 and 50 poysha. 1 poysha coins followed in 1974, with Template:Lang1 coins introduced in 1975. The 1, 5 and 10 poysha were struck in aluminium, with the 25 and 50 poysha struck in steel and the Template:Lang1 in copper-nickel. The 5 poysha were square with rounded corners, and the 10 poysha were scalloped. Steel Template:Lang5 were introduced in 1994, and a steel Template:Lang2 coin followed in 2004.
1 and 5 poysha coins are rarely found in circulation. The same is the case with the 10, 25, and 50 poysha coins, as they have lost value due to inflation over the years. Only the Template:Lang1, Template:Lang2 and Template:Lang5 are occasionally found in circulation. Unlike most other countries, coins are not issued every year. The most recent coins, Template:Lang2 and Template:Lang5, were issued in 2013 and Template:Lang1 being issued in 2014.
| 1973 Series | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Value | Composition | Description | First Minted | |
| Reverse | Obverse | |||
| 5 poysha | Aluminium | National emblem | A plough inside of a cogwheel engraved diagonally, "5-Five Poisha" and "Bangladesh" written in Bangla. | 1973 |
| 10 poysha | Scalloped with serrated edges, a betel leaf in the middle with "Bangladesh" written on top and "Ten 10 poisha" written on the bottom in Bangla. | |||
| 25 poysha | Steel | Curly pattern on the edges with a Rohu fish in the middle, "Bangladesh" written on top and "Twenty-five 25 poisha" written at the bottom in Bangla. | ||
| 50 poysha | Dotted pattern on the edges with a dove/pigeon in the middle, "Bangladesh" written on the top and "Fifty 50 poisha" written at the bottom in Bangla. | |||
| 1974 Series (FAO) | ||||
| 1 poysha | Aluminium | National emblem | Ornamental design, floral patterns | 1974 |
| 5 poysha | A plough in the middle of a half-cogwheel saying the words "Increase production" | |||
| 10 poysha | Serrated on scalloped edges, with flowers plants and running tractor with text saying "Green Revolution" | |||
| 25 poysha | Steel | Fish, egg, bananas and a gourd with the text "Food for all" | ||
| 50 poysha | Various | Fish, banana, chicken and pineapple in the middle circle | 1977 | |
| 1977 Series (FAO) | ||||
| 5 poysha | Aluminium | National emblem | Plough and cogwheel | 1977 |
| 10 poysha | A family sitting facing each other | |||
| 25 poysha | Steel | Royal Bengal tiger | ||
| 50 poysha | Hilsha fish, chicken, pineapple, banana | |||
| Other Issues | ||||
| 50 poysha (small) | Steel | National emblem | Hilsha fish, chicken, pineapple, banana | 2001 |
| ৳1 (Line-edged) | A family figure, slogan "Planned family – Food for All" | 2002 | ||
| ৳1 (Silver Jubilee Edition) | Brass | 1996 | ||
| ৳2 | Steel | Education for All slogan with two children studying | 2004 | |
| ৳5 | Jamuna Multipurpose Bridge | 1994 | ||
| Last Issues | ||||
| Template:Lang1 | Steel | National Emblem | Sheikh Mujibur Rahman | 2010 |
| Template:Lang2 | ||||
| Template:Lang5 | Bangladesh Bank logo | 2012 | ||
| Special Issues (Uncirculated) | ||||
| ৳1 (Martyr's Edition) | Silver | Picture of the National Martyrs' Memorial and text which says "20th Victory Day of Bangladesh–1991" | A picture of the Bir Sreshtho with words "16th December–20th Victory Day" | 1991 |
| ৳1 (Summer Olympics Edition) | National Emblem | Two athletes running with a fire torch with text "25th Olympic Games 1992" | 1992 | |
| ৳1 | Two spotted deer with the heading "Endangered Wildlife" | 1993 | ||
| ৳10 (Silver Jubilee of BB) | Picture of Bangladesh Bank with the title "Bangladesh Bank Silver Jubilee 1971–1996" | 1996 | ||
| ৳10 (Silver Jubilee of BD) | National Martyrs' Memorial with the text "Silver Jubilee of Bangladesh's Victory" | Sheikh Mujibur Rahman with the same text on the coin's back | ||
| ৳10 (Bangabandhu Bridge Edition) | 90% Silver and 10% Nickel | Martyr Statue with the title "Invincible Bangla" and heading "Inauguration of Bangabandhu Bridge 1998" | Picture of Bangabandhu Bridge with the same heading on the coin's reverse | 1998 |
| ৳20 (Bangabandhu Bridge Edition) | Silver | Sheikh Mujibur Rahman with the heading "Inauguration of Bangabandhu Bridge 1998" | ||
| ৳20 (IMD Edition) | Gold | Shaheed Minar with the date 21 February with heading International Mother Language Day | Logo of Bangladesh Bank | 2000 |
| ৳10 (World Cup Edition) | Silver | The picture of the World cup with "Bangladesh Bank" written | ICC World Cup Logo with being held in Bangladesh in 2011 | 2011 |
| ৳10 (Rabindranath Edition) | A poem of Rabindranath Tagore and his autograph | Picture of Rabindranath Tagore with the title "150th Birth Anniversary of Rabindranath Tagore" | ||
| ৳10 (Bidrohi Edition) | A quotation from the poem Bidrohi and the autograph of the National Poet | Picture of young Kazi Nazrul Islam with the heading "90 Years of the poem Bidrohi 1921-2011" | ||
| ৳10 (Victory Edition) | Picture of 6 Muktijoddha waving guns with the title "40th Victory Anniversary of Bangladesh" | Picture of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman with the 7th March Speech quote with his name in English at the bottom | ||
| ৳100 (Museum Edition) | Logo of Bangladesh Bank with Bangla writing "Centenary of Bangladesh National Museum 1913–2013" | 100 taka written on left and right with a terracotta plaque of 18th century horsemen | 2013 | |
| ৳100 (Mujib Centennial Edition) | Gold and Silver (dual variant) | Logo of Bangladesh Bank with text "Father of the Nation Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman" | Portrait of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman with the text in Bangla | 2020 |
| ৳50 (Golden Jubilee Edition) | Scallop-shaped in Gold | Big number "50" which has the logo of Bangladesh Bank inscribed in the number "0" with the heading "Golden Jubilee of Independence" | 2021 | |
| ৳50 (Japan-Bangladesh Relations Edition) | Silver | National Martyrs' Memorial with the heading "Bangladesh-Japan Diplomatic Relations 50th Year Anniversary" | The same heading written in the middle with a logo and pictures of a cherry blossom on top and a water lily at the bottom | 2022 |
| ৳100 (Padma Bridge Edition) | Scallop-shaped, silver | Picture of the Padma Bridge with the title "Padma Bridge–The symbol of National Pride" written in English | Portrait of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman with the title in Bangla | 2023 |
| **Poisha coins no longer minted since 2013 but all coins above 1 taka still legal tender. | ||||
Banknotes
There had been eleven series of taka banknotes since the issuance of the first series in 1972. Banknotes generally feature the heritage sites (mostly mosques), national monuments and portrayals of the village life, agriculture, industry and animals of the country. Apart from this, the portrait of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, the founding president of Bangladesh, was featured in the observe in the series issued under the Awami League governments.
Latest series
Following the fall of Awami League in the July Revolution in 2024, the Bangladesh Bank announced plans to redesign Taka banknotes by 2025. The central bank's Currency and Design Advisory Committee, made up of nine members was selected to submit theme proposals to the Ministry of Finance.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Sheikh Mujib's portrait was removed and graffiti of the July Revolution was added in this series.
| Eleventh Series | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Image | Value | Main Color | Description | First Issue | |||
| Obverse | Reverse | Obverse | Reverse | ||||
| ৳2 | Light Green | Martyred Intellectuals Memorial, Mirpur | Martyred Intellectuals Memorial, Rayer Bazar | 2 June 2025<ref name=":0">Template:Cite web</ref> | |||
| ৳5 | Pink | Star Mosque | Graffiti of the July Revolution | ||||
| ৳10 | Baitul Mukarram National Mosque | ||||||
| ৳20 | Cyan | Kantajew Temple | Somapura Mahavihara | 1 June 2025 <ref name=":1">Template:Cite news</ref> | |||
| ৳50 | Deep Brown | Ahsan Manzil | The Struggle by Zainul Abedin | ||||
| ৳100 | Sky Blue | Sixty Dome Mosque | The Sundarbans | 2 June 2025<ref name=":0" /> | |||
| ৳200 | Golden Yellow | Aparajeyo Bangla | Graffiti of the July Revolution | ||||
| ৳500 | Olive Green | Central Shaheed Minar | Bangladesh Supreme Court | 1 June 2025<ref name=":0" /> | |||
| ৳1000 | Violet | National Martyrs' Memorial | Jatiya Sangsad Bhaban | 1 June 2025 <ref name=":1" /> | |||
Exchange rates
Template:AnchorHistoric exchange rates
Upon Bangladesh's independence, the value of the Bangladeshi taka was set between ৳7.5 and ৳8.0 to US$1. Except for fiscal year 1978, the taka's value relative to the US dollar declined every year from 1971 through the end of 1987. To help offset this phenomenon, Bangladesh first used the compensatory financing facility of the International Monetary Fund in fiscal year 1974. Despite the increasing need for assistance, the Mujib government was initially unwilling to meet the IMF's conditions on monetary and fiscal policy. By fiscal year 1975, however, the government revised its stance, declaring a devaluation of the taka by 56 percent and agreeing to establishing the Bangladesh Aid Group by the World Bank.<ref name="cs">Template:Cite book</ref>
Between 1980 and 1983, the taka sustained a decline of some 50 percent because of a deterioration in Bangladesh's balance of payments. Between 1985 and 1987, the taka was adjusted in frequent incremental steps, stabilising again around 12 percent lower in real terms against the US dollar, but at the same time narrowing the difference between the official rate and the preferential secondary rate from 15 percent to 7.5 percent. Accompanying this structural adjustment was an expansion in trade conducted at the secondary rate, to 53 percent of total exports and 28 percent of total imports. In mid-1987, the official rate was relatively stable, approaching less than ৳31 to US$1.<ref name=cs/> In January 2011, US$1 was equivalent to approximately ৳72,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> as of 21 April 2012, US$1 was worth close to ৳82, and as of 9 September 2015 US$1 valued ৳77.Template:Citation needed
| Currency | ISO code | 1971 | 1981 | 1991 | 1996 | 2000 | 2001 | 2005 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2024(Aug) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| U.S. dollar | USD | 7.86 | 18.31 | 36.75 | 40.8 | 50.82 | 53.84 | 58.11 | 67.29 | 67.34 | 67.40 | 68.11 | 69.84 | 81.64 | 78.31 | 76.45 | 78.85 | 117.52 |
| Japanese yen | JPY | 0.02 | 0.09 | 0.27 | 0.38 | 0.48 | 0.46 | 0.56 | 0.55 | 0.62 | 0.74 | 0.74 | 0.84 | 1.06 | 0.88 | 0.73 | 0.64 | 0.80 |
| Soviet ruble (until 1993) Russian ruble (1993 – present) |
SUR RUB |
14.93 | 29.00 | 55.12 | 8.16 | 1.85 | 1.91 | 2.17 | 2.62 | 2.79 | 2.14 | 2.31 | 2.35 | 2.66 | 2.63 | 2.29 | 1.20 | 1.30 |
| Euro | EUR | – | – | – | – | 51.48 | 50.57 | 76.37 | 87.45 | 98.99 | 90.01 | 97.28 | 93.26 | 105.26 | 103.98 | 104.22 | 89.26 | 128.41 |
| Pound sterling | GBP | 18.92 | 44.02 | 71.01 | 62.48 | 83.23 | 79.59 | 109.35 | 131.74 | 132.6 | 97.66 | 110.01 | 110.04 | 126.57 | 125.19 | 125.90 | 116.13 | 150.08 |
| Swiss franc | CHF | 1.8 | 10.08 | 28.89 | 34.63 | 31.97 | 33.07 | 49.38 | 53.73 | 60.99 | 60.23 | 65.87 | 73.1 | 86.91 | 84.7 | 84.66 | 81.26 | 135.28 |
| Hong Kong dollar | HKD | 1.31 | 3.53 | 4.68 | 5.28 | 6.53 | 6.9 | 7.45 | 8.62 | 8.62 | 8.69 | 8.77 | 8.97 | 10.51 | 10.1 | 9.85 | 9.86 | 15.08 |
| Malaysian ringgit | MYR | 2.55 | 8.23 | 13.54 | 15.97 | 13.37 | 14.16 | 15.25 | 19.12 | 20.54 | 18.86 | 20.06 | 22.71 | 26.14 | 25.68 | 23.14 | 21.41 | 26.37 |
| Kuwaiti dinar | KWD | 22.09 | 64.51 | 128.73 | 136.25 | 167.01 | 176.05 | 197.82 | 231.69 | 245.83 | 235.31 | 236.52 | 247.62 | 292.46 | 277.6 | 270.16 | 259.66 | 383.78 |
| Saudi riyal | SAR | 1.75 | 5.5 | 9.79 | 10.88 | 13.55 | 14.35 | 15.49 | 17.93 | 17.92 | 17.95 | 18.14 | 18.6 | 21.76 | 20.87 | 20.38 | 20.36 | 31.31 |
| Emirate dirham | AED | 1.65 | 4.89 | 9.96 | 11.11 | 13.84 | 14.65 | 15.82 | 18.31 | 18.33 | 18.34 | 18.54 | 19.01 | 22.22 | 21.31 | 20.81 | 20.82 | 32 |
See also
- Economy of Bangladesh
- The Security Printing Corporation (Bangladesh) Ltd.
- Banknotes of the Bangladeshi taka
References
Template:Reflist Template:Refbegin
External links
- Bangladesh Bank's page on currencies in circulation Template:Webarchive
- High resolution scans of Bangladeshi currency
- Historical banknotes of Bangladesh
- Years Of Taka History : Notes In Circulation
- Bangladeshi Taka Rates (bn)
Template:Taka Template:Bangladesh topics Template:Currencies of Asia Template:Currency signsTemplate:Economy of BangladeshTemplate:Portal bar