Barlas

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The Barlas (Template:Langx;<ref name="ReferenceA">Grupper, S. M. 'A Barulas Family Narrative in the Yuan Shih: Some Neglected Prosopographical and Institutional Sources on Timurid Origins'. Archivum Eurasiae Medii Aevi 8 (1992–94): 11–97</ref> Chagatai Turkic/Template:Langx Barlās; also Berlās) were a aristocratic tribal confederation clan of Mongol<ref name="ReferenceA"/><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref><ref>Template:Citation</ref><ref name="Manz">B.F. Manz, The rise and rule of Tamerlan, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1989, p. 28: "... We know definitely that the leading clan of the Barlas tribe traced its origin to Qarachar Barlas, head of one of Chaghadai's regiments ... These then were the most prominent members of the Ulus Chaghadai: the old Mongolian tribes — Barlas, Arlat, Soldus and Jalayir ..."</ref> nomadic origins, which later becoming a Turkified<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref name="UNESCO">M.S. Asimov & C. E. Bosworth, History of Civilizations of Central Asia, UNESCO Regional Office, 1998, Template:ISBN, p. 320: "... One of his followers was [...] Timur of the Barlas tribe. This Mongol tribe had settled [...] in the valley of Kashka Darya, intermingling with the Turkish population, adopting their religion (Islam) and gradually giving up its own nomadic ways, like a number of other Mongol tribes in Transoxania ..."</ref>, They were a sub-clan of the Kiyat-Borjigin,<ref>G.R. Garthwaite, "The Persians", Malden, Template:ISBN, MA: Blackwell Pub., 2007. (p.148)</ref><ref>Template:Citation</ref> emerged within the Khamag Mongol confederation in present-day Mongolia in the early to mid-12th century,<ref>Template:Citation</ref> and traced their military roots to one of the elite regiments of the Mongol Empire’s Kheshig armies.<ref>Template:Citation</ref><ref name="ReferenceA2">Grupper, S. M. 'A Barulas Family Narrative in the Yuan Shih: Some Neglected Prosopographical and Institutional Sources on Timurid Origins'. Archivum Eurasiae Medii Aevi 8 (1992–94): 11–97</ref> they residing on Central Asia, Transoxiana regions, known for there nomadic sedentary lifestyles, they forming military governorships under Chagatai Khans, The Barlas spawned as one imperial dynasties with two major empires in Asia: the Timurid Empire in Central Asia and Persia; and its later branch, the Mughal Empire in the Indian subcontinent.<ref>Gérard Chaliand, A Global History of War: From Assyria to the Twenty-First Century, University of California Press, California 2014, p. 151</ref><ref>Template:Citation</ref>

History

Origins

Portrait of Timur, a member of the Barlas. Painted in 1405–1409.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

According to the Secret History of the Mongols (written during the reign of Ögedei Khan [r. 1229–1241]) and historian Rashid al-Din Hamadani (1247–1318) who wrote the Jami' al-tawarikh,<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> the Barlas shared ancestry with the Khiyad Borjigin,<ref>Template:Citation</ref><ref>Template:Citation</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref> who were the descendents of Khaidu Khan. He also noted that the Barlas' relationship with the imperial Mongol ruling clan was through a common ancestry via Tumbinai Khan, who was both Timur and Genghis Khan's ancestor.<ref>The Secret History of the Mongols, transl. by I. De Rachewiltz, Chapter I Template:Webarchive.</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Citation</ref><ref>Template:Citation</ref> Rashid al-Din Hamadani also traced the ancestry of the imperial clan of Genghis Khan and his successors, as well as other related Mongol clans. The progenitor of the Barlas clan is Qachuli, who founded the tribe in Khamag Mongol in Northern Mongolia;<ref>Template:Citation</ref><ref>Template:Citation</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Qachuli was either the son of Tumanay Setsen or Tumbinai Khan (the chief of the Borjigin), as well as the twin brother of Qabul Khan, the founder and first ruler of the Khamag Mongol Confederations.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref><ref>Template:Citation</ref> Qachuli's great-grandson was Qarachar Barlas, a minister (Noyan) and military commander of a (Tumen) under Genghis Khan; during the Mongol Invasions of Central Asia, he migrated and established new settlements in the regions of Central asia and Transoxiana.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref><ref>Template:Citation</ref> Genghis Khan later assigned Qarachar to be a minister and governor (Darughachi) of Transoxiana under the command of Chagatai Khan.<ref>Template:Citation</ref><ref>Template:Citation</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

The Barlas controlled the region of Kish (modern day Shahrisabz, Uzbekistan) and all of its lineages seem to have been associated with this region.<ref>B.F. Manz, The rise and rule of Tamerlan, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1989, p. 156–7</ref> In contrast to most neighboring tribes who remained nomadic, the Barlas were a sedentary due to there military and aristrocratic natures and status of tribe.<ref>Gérard Chaliand, A Global History of War: From Assyria to the Twenty-First Century, University of California Press, California 2014, p. 151</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Due to extensive contacts with the native population of Central Asia, the tribe had adopted the religion of Islam and leaving there forefathers Tengrism,<ref name="UNESCO" /><ref>Template:Citation</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref> and as they native Mongol speaker they adopted the Chagatai language, a Turkic language of the Qarluq branch, which was heavily influenced by Arabic and Persian.<ref name="Iranica">G. Doerfer, "Template:Usurped", in Encyclopædia Iranica, Online Edition 2007.</ref><ref>Template:Citation</ref> Although the Barlas were not always exogamous, but many marriages recorded were outside the tribe.<ref>B.F. Manz, The rise and rule of Tamerlan, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1989, p. 157</ref><ref>Template:Citation</ref>

Timurids and Mughals

File:Humayun and Babur (Late Shah Jahan Album) Babur detail.jpg

Babur, founder of the Mughal Empire. Late Shah Jahan Album, painted Template:Circa.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Its most famous representatives were the Timurids, a dynasty founded by the conqueror Timur in the 14th century, who ruled over modern-day Iran, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, and almost the entire rest of the Caucasus, Afghanistan, much of Central Asia, as well as parts of contemporary Pakistan, Mesopotamia, and Anatolia.<ref>René Grousset, The Empire of the Steppes: A History of Central Asia, Rutgers University Press, 1988. Template:ISBN (p.409)</ref> One of his descendants, Babur, later founded the Mughal Empire of Central Asia and South Asia.<ref name="Ẓahīr-al-Dīn Moḥammad Bābor">Template:Iranica</ref>

See also

• Turco-Mongol tradition
• Hajji Beg Barlas