Bedlington Terrier
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The Bedlington Terrier is a breed of small dog named after the mining town of Bedlington, Northumberland in North East England. Originally bred to hunt, the Bedlington Terrier has since been used in dog racing, numerous dog sports, as well as in conformation shows and as a companion dog. It is closely related to the Dandie Dinmont Terrier, Whippet and Otterhound.
It is described as a very versatile yet contradictory dog. They have powerful swimming skills, comparable to those of water dogs such as the Newfoundland, and are noted for being very quick and having high endurance. They love snow, and can achieve a Husky-like turn of speed on ice or in deep powder, using their powerful noses as a plough. Bedlingtons are noted for their similarity in appearance to lambs. The dogs have blue, liver or sandy colouration, all three of which may have tan points. Their fur forms a distinctive top knot on the dog's head. It is nonshedding and with minimal odor but needs weekly grooming to remove dead hair.<ref name="MPLee(2001)"/><ref name="LIFE" />
Originally known as the Rothbury or Rodbury Terrier, the name Bedlington Terrier was not applied to the breed until 1825, but some dogs have pedigrees that can be traced back as far as 1782. The first dog show with a class for Bedlington Terriers was held in 1870 at Bedlington. Bedlington Terriers shown at early shows were frequently dyed to improve the look of their fur. In 1948, a Bedlington Terrier known as Rock Ridge Night Rocket won best in show at the Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show. The breed has a high incidence of copper toxicosis.
Description
Appearance
The Bedlington Terrier has been described as resembling a lamb.<ref name="AKC">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="Stall" /> It has also been compared to a miniature version of the Scottish Deerhound.<ref name="George" /> George Shields stated that exceedingly well-bred dogs possess the spirit of a thoroughbred racehorse.<ref name="George" />
The dogs have blue, liver or sandy colouration, all three of which may have tan points. Bedlingtons carry what is known as the greying gene, a dominant trait carried on the G locus.<ref name="grey" /> This gene causes puppies born with black or dark brown fur to lighten to grey or liver with age.<ref name="grey">Template:Cite web</ref> The fur of the Bedlington creates a shape on the top of the dog's head known as a topknot. Although most modern breed standards call for the dog's topknot to be lighter than its body, when the breed was first being formed there was at least one prominent breeder, Mr. Pickett, who believed that the topknot should be darker, not lighter.<ref name="George">Template:Cite web</ref>
The dog's coat has been described as shaggy, hard, and rugged in style<ref name="Cultivator" /> and it has also been described as linty in texture, giving the breed the nickname of "linty-haired terrier".<ref name="Modern" /> Its coat is made up of a combination of hard and soft hairs.<ref name="NewTerrier" /> It is extremely difficult to maintain a "show clip", even for professionals, and grooming can be quite expensive.<ref name="NewTerrier" /><ref name="Stall" /> Dogs in what is referred to as show clip, or groomed for the show ring, cannot have fur that stands out more than Template:Convert from their body, and the coat must have a "crisp" texture.<ref name="AKC" /><ref name="Barton">Template:Cite book</ref> If grooming is not performed regularly, the coat's condition rapidly deteriorates.<ref name="Barton" /> For that reason, most Bedlingtons that are kept strictly as pets keep a lower maintenance "pet groom" style. Bedlington Terriers —like Poodles— have been referred to as a nonshedding, hypoallergenic breed.<ref name="MPLee(2001)"/><ref name="LIFE" /> They have minimal dog odor as long as their coat and ears are healthy and their coat is groomed regularly to remove dead hair. Bedlingtons like the groomer and are cooperative under clip.<ref name="MPLee(2001)">Template:Cite book</ref>
The head of the dog must be rounded in shape with no stop.<ref name="AKC" /> Their eyes are almond-shaped and small, and the lips are close-fitting and lack flews.<ref name="AKC" /> The back must be arched, and the body should be slightly longer in length than in height.<ref name="AKC" /> Although Template:Convert is the preferred height for male dogs, a range from Template:Convert is allowed; for females, the preferred height is Template:Convert and the acceptable range is from Template:Convert.<ref name="AKC" /> Both genders must weigh between Template:Convert.<ref name="AKC" /> They possess a light, springy gait.<ref name="NewTerrier" />
Temperament
Bedlingtons are sharp and plucky. Their bark has been called hound-like<ref name="Modern" /> and has been compared to the firing of a machine gun.<ref name="Stall" /> A fast dog with high endurance,<ref name="NewTerrier" /> the Bedlington Terrier is just as quick in water as it is on land, and their swimming speed rivals that of the Newfoundland.<ref name="Modern" /> Bedlington Terriers "have pace enough to keep up with the ordinary speed of a horse."<ref name="George" /> Because of the Whippet in their lineage, they have a tendency to bolt.<ref name="NewTerrier" /> Their versatility has been praised, with some dogs willing to "[be] a house-dog, a gun-dog, a rat-dog, a badger-dog, or, if needed, [to] bolt a fox..."<ref name="Herbert" />
They are also known for their intelligence and tenacity when it comes to taking on vermin.<ref name="Modern" /> Bedlingtons are quite fond of fighting, and are prone to jealousy when around other dogs.<ref name="Modern" /> One man stated that "this dog was about fit to kill any other dog of his weight".<ref name="Modern" /> They have also been used in dog fighting.<ref name="Stall">Template:Cite book</ref>
However, both the AKC and the ASPCA call the breed "mild" and "gentle" and recommends it as being good with children.<ref name="AKC" /><ref name="ASPCA">Template:Cite book</ref> PetFinder says the breed is soft in temperament, companionable, demonstrative, loyal, and a quiet house dog.<ref name="PetFinder">Template:Cite web</ref> Although the breed may chase small animals outside, it is accepting of them inside.<ref name="PetFinder" /> Playful and cheerful, the breed can be high-strung and excitable, and is prone to being headstrong.<ref name="NZKC">Template:Cite web</ref> The New Zealand Kennel Club warns against keeping them with dogs that have dominant personalities, "as once challenged they are terrifying fighters, despite their gentle appearance",<ref name="NZKC" /> but otherwise the breed is good with other dogs.<ref name="NZKC" />
Some breeders, notably George Newcombe, have argued that the working ability and courage of the Bedlington terrier has declined since it began being bred for show.<ref name="Plummer">Template:Cite book</ref> Poodle may have been introduced into the breed to make the coat easier to groom and maintain.<ref name="Plummer" /> George Newcombe of the Working Bedlington Terrier Club said that "the pure [Bedlington Terrier] could no longer be considered a serious working breed" and proceeded to cross his dogs with Lakeland Terriers in an attempt to bring back the Bedlington's working qualities; the names Lakebed and Bedland have been proposed for the cross.<ref name="Plummer" />Template:Clear
History
Bred in the village of Bedlington in Northumberland, the Bedlington Terrier has been described as "the favourite companion of the northern miners".<ref name="Modern" /><ref name="Cultivator">Template:Cite web</ref> They were originally known as Rodbury Terriers,<ref name="NewTerrier">Template:Cite book</ref> Rothbury Terriers,<ref name="NewTerrier" /><ref name="AKC" /> or "Rothbury's Lambs",<ref name="AKC" /> because the Lord of Rothbury had taken a particular liking to the dogs.<ref name="AKC" /> Before this, they were known as "gypsy dogs", as the Romani people—called 'Gypsies' in those days—and poachers used them to hunt.<ref name="AKC" /> The first mention of the Bedlington terrier, or as it was then known, the Rothbury or Rodbury Terrier,<ref name="Cultivator" /> was in 1825,<ref name="Modern" /> most likely in The Life of James Allen,<ref name="Cultivator" /> but some dogs' pedigrees have been traced as far back as 1782.<ref name="Modern" /> James' father, William, was much in demand as an otter hunter, and he kept Bedlington Terriers in order to help him hunt.<ref name="Cultivator" /> They were also valued by their owners as rabbit coursing dogs and racing dogs,<ref name="Modern" /> until the Whippet became more popular as a racing dog and a courser.<ref name="Herbert" />
The Bedlington Terrier name was first given to a dog named Young Piper, which was owned by a man named Joseph Ainsley.<ref name="Modern" /><ref name="Cultivator" /> Ainsley's Piper has been called "the best of his race"<ref name="Modern" /> and "had a reputation for great pluck and courage".<ref name="Modern" /> Piper began working with badgers at eight months old, and carried on hunting other animals generally regarded as vermin until he was blind.<ref name="Modern" /> Piper is also known for saving a child from a pig, keeping the animal at bay until help arrived.<ref name="Modern" /> Piper died at fifteen.<ref name="Modern" />
A Bedlington's plucky nature was also often its downfall. Many a dog was killed or put down after hunting badgers. A good hunting dog knew to keep its distance from the badger until the huntsmen arrived. Younger or inexperienced terriers would attack the badger, usually with horrific consequences. Limb amputations or lower jaws ripped off by the more powerful badger were common.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
The first shows that had a class for the Bedlington Terrier were held in 1870 at Bedlington.<ref name="Modern" /> The following year there was a Bedlington Terrier class at a show held at Crystal Palace, where a red dog named Miner took first prize.<ref name="Modern" /> Miner also won a show held in Birmingham.<ref name="Modern" /> The Bedlington Terrier Club was established in 1875.<ref name="Modern" /><ref name="Herbert">Template:Cite book</ref> Many dogs in early shows were clipped and dyed to bring them closer to the breed standard and improve their chances of winning.<ref name="Modern" />
It is unknown if the judges of the time were aware of this practice, or if they cared.<ref name="Modern" /> The practice of trimming was eventually accepted by The Kennel Club under the pretense that the trimming was being done to "smarten a dog to show his shape and general contour."<ref name="Jaquet">Template:Cite book</ref>
Bedlington Terriers are closely related to the Dandie Dinmont Terrier.<ref name="Modern">Template:Cite book</ref><ref name="Cultivator" /> In fact the Earl of AntrimTemplate:Who once exhibited two terriers from the same litter, and one won shows as a Dandie Dinmont, while the other won shows as a Bedlington.<ref name="Modern" /> Bedlington Terriers are also related to the Kerry Blue Terrier and the Soft Coated Wheaten Terrier.<ref name="AKC" /> The shape of its back suggests that it may be related to the Whippet<ref name="AKC" /> and it may also be related to the otterhound.<ref name="LIFE" /> Bedlington Terriers have been crossed with Whippets to produce a Lurcher with "extra guts, pep, [and] fire."<ref name="Plummer" />
In 1948 Ch. Rock Ridge Night Rocket took best in show at the Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show and was subsequently featured in Life magazine.<ref name="LIFE">Template:Cite book</ref> One of his descendants, Ch. Femars' Cable Car, was featured on the cover of Sports Illustrated in the February 8, 1960 edition.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>
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Health
Longevity
A 2024 UK study found a life expectancy of 13.7 years for the breed compared to an average of 12.7 for purebreeds and 12 for crossbreeds.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
Leading causes of death among Bedlington Terriers in a 2004 UK survey were old age (23%), urologic (15%) and hepatic (12.5%).<ref name="HealthSurvey">Template:Cite journal</ref> The leading hepatic cause of death was copper toxicosis.<ref name="HealthSurvey"/> Dogs that died of liver diseases usually died at a younger age than dogs dying of most other causes.<ref name="HealthSurvey"/>
Bedlington Terrier owners in the UK reported that the most common health issues among living dogs were reproductive, heart murmur and eye problems such as epiphora, retinal dysplasia and cataracts.<ref name="ASPCA" /> Bedlingtons seem to be more prone to these eye diseases than other breeds.<ref name="NewTerrier" /> They also have a high incidence of kidney problems.<ref name="ASPCA" /> Copper toxicosis occurred among about 5% of living dogs. Inbreeding is a concern, since some dogs "[having] been bred in and into a damaging extent."<ref name="Modern" /><ref name="Herbert" /> Reputable breeders will conduct DNA testing of all litters and will not allow pups that carry the copper toxicosis gene to be bred, a practice that has significantly reduced the incidence of this disease in the breed. Excepting these problems, Bedlingtons are generally a very healthy breed.<ref name="George" />
Copper toxicosis
Copper toxicosis, also known as copper storage disease and copper overload syndrome, is an autosomal recessive disease that is characterized by an accumulation of copper in the liver.<ref name="Leone">Template:Cite book</ref> It is closely related to Wilson's disease in humans.<ref name="Leone" /> Bedlington Terriers are more prone to copper toxicosis than most other dog breeds.<ref name="Leone" /> West Highland White Terriers, Skye Terriers, and Doberman Pinschers are also prone to copper storage disease.<ref name="Leone" /> Bedlington Terriers are the only breed of dog in which haemolysis has been reported, but there have been no reports of neurological involvement in any dog breed.<ref name="Leone" />
Studies have shown that in Bedlingtons, the disease is caused by a defective metallothionein<ref name="Ingram">Template:Cite book</ref> that causes cell lysosomes to become saturated with copper.<ref name="Leone" /> This causes the cell to store copper in the nucleus.<ref name="Leone" /> There are three varieties of the disease: the asymptomatic form occurs when copper accumulates but there are no clinical symptoms of the disorder; the fulminating form which is seen mostly in young dogs, causes death in two to three days, and is thought to be caused by stress; and the chronic form, which is characterized by an extended period of time in which liver disease slowly causes the death of the dog.<ref name="Leone" /> Bedlingtons also have a tendency to accumulate iron in the liver, but not nearly to the extent that they accumulate copper.<ref name="Ingram" />
In art
Bedlington terriers feature in the paintings of Craigie Aitchison, particularly his crucifixions.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
In the 2022 film Sisu, a Bedlington terrier was the faithful companion of the protagonist, a Finnish miner and prospector.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
References
External links
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