Berdon syndrome

Berdon syndrome, also called megacystis-microcolon-intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome (MMIH syndrome),<ref name="omim">{{#ifeq:|none||{{#switch: | short = OMIM: | shortlink = OMIM: | plain = Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man: | full | #default = Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM):}}}} {{#if: |{{{2}}} - }} 249210</ref> is a generally fatal<ref name="gose">Template:Cite journal</ref> autosomal recessive<ref name="bsaur">Template:Cite journal</ref> genetic disorder affecting the bladder, colon, and intestines.

It is more prevalent in females (7 females to 3 males)<ref name="gose" /> and is characterized by constipation and urinary retention, microcolon, giant bladder (megacystis), intestinal hypoperistalsis, hydronephrosis, and dilated small bowel. The pathological findings consist of an abundance of ganglion cells in both dilated and narrow areas of the intestine. It is a familial disturbance of unknown cause.

Walter Berdon et al. in 1976 first described<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> the condition in five female infants, two of whom were sisters. All had marked dilatation of the bladder and some had hydronephrosis and the external appearance of prune belly. The infants also had microcolon and dilated small intestines.

Genetics

Several genes are known to be implicated in this syndrome: these include ACTG2, LMOD1, MYH11 and MYLK.<ref name="Halim2017">Template:Cite journal</ref>

Diagnosis

Berdon syndrome is generally diagnosed after birth by the signs and symptoms as well as radiological and surgical findings. It can be diagnosed in the uterus by ultrasound, revealing the enlarged bladder and hydronephrosis.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Treatment

Long-term survival with Berdon syndrome usually requires parenteral nutrition and urinary catheterisation or diversion. Most long-term survivors also have ileostomies.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> A multivisceral transplant (stomach, pancreas, small bowel, liver and large intestine) has also been successful.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In a 2011 study of 227 children with the syndrome, "the oldest survivor [was] 24 years old."<ref name="gose" />

External links

• Template:RareDiseases
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| short = OMIM: | shortlink = OMIM: | plain = Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man: | full | #default = Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM):}}}} {{#if:Megacystis microcolon intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome; MMIH syndrome; Berdon syndrome |Megacystis microcolon intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome; MMIH syndrome; Berdon syndrome - }} 249210 Template:Medical resources